Iyini impahla yokufaka usimende? Futhi yiziphi izinhlobo?

Izinto zikasimende yinto esetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa noma ukunamathisela ezinye izinto ndawonye ukuze kwakhiwe inqwaba eqinile. Ekwakhiweni, isetshenziselwa ukubopha amabhlogo wokwakha nokudala izakhiwo. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinto zikasimende ezitholakalayo ukuze zisetshenziswe ekwakheni, okuhlanganisa:

1. I-Portland Cement: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lukasimende olusetshenziswa ekwakheni. Wenziwa ngokushisisa i-limestone nobumba kuhhavini ukuze kwakheke i-clinker, bese igaywa ibe yimpushana ecolekileyo. I-Portland Cement isetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo, kufaka phakathi izisekelo zokwakha, izindonga, kanye naphansi.
2. Hydraulic Cement: Lolu hlobo lukasimende luyaqina uma luhlangana namanzi. Isetshenziswa lapho kudingeka usimende oqinile, osebenza ngokushesha, njengalapho kwakhiwa amadamu, amabhuloho kanye namahubhu.
3. Umcako: Umcako wuhlobo lwezinto zikasimende ezisetshenziswe izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Yenziwa ngokushisisa i-limestone ekushiseni okuphezulu ukuze kukhiqizwe i-quicklime, bese ixutshwa namanzi ukuze kwakhiwe umcako onamanzi. I-Lime isetshenziswa lapho kudingeka khona usimende ophefumulayo, oguquguqukayo, njengokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zomlando nezakhiwo.
4. I-Gypsum: I-Gypsum iwuhlobo lwezinto zikasimende ezenziwe ngokushisisa idwala le-gypsum libe izinga lokushisa eliphezulu bese ligaywa libe yimpushana. Isetshenziswa lapho kudingeka usimende ongasindi, ongashi, njengalapho kwakhiwa izindonga zangaphakathi nosilingi.
5. I-Pozzolanic Cement: Lolu hlobo lukasimende lwenziwa ngokuxuba izinto ze-pozzolanic (ezifana nomlotha wentaba-mlilo) nomcako noma usimende wasePortland. Usimende we-Pozzolanic usetshenziswa ezindaweni lapho usimende onokuqina okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokumelana nokuhlaselwa kwamakhemikhali kuyadingeka.