I-Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) kanye ne-methyl cellulose (MC) yizinto ezimbili eziphuma ku-cellulose ezisetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini eziningi. Nakuba zombili zitholakala ku-cellulose yemvelo, ngenxa yezinqubo ezihlukene zokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali, i-CMC ne-MC inomehluko omkhulu ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali, izakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali, kanye nezinkambu zokusetshenziswa.
1. Umthombo kanye nohlolojikelele oluyisisekelo
I-Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) ilungiswa ngokuphendula i-cellulose yemvelo ne-chloroacetic acid ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-alkali. Iphuma ku-anionic water-soluble cellulose. I-CMC ivamise ukuba khona ngesimo sikasawoti wesodium, ngakho-ke ibizwa nangokuthi i-Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose (Na-CMC). Ngenxa yokuncibilika kwayo okuhle kanye nomsebenzi wokulungisa i-viscosity, i-CMC isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini zokudla, ezemithi, zokumba uwoyela, izindwangu kanye nezimboni zephepha.
I-Methylcellulose (MC) ilungiswa nge-methylating cellulose nge-methyl chloride (noma amanye ama-reagents e-methylating). Iwukuphuma kwe-cellulose okungeyona i-ionic. I-MC inezinto zejeli ezishisayo, isixazululo siyaqina lapho sishiswa futhi sincibilika lapho sipholile. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo eziyingqayizivele, i-MC isetshenziswa kabanzi ezintweni zokwakha, amalungiselelo emithi, okokumboza, ukudla nezinye izimboni.
2. Isakhiwo samakhemikhali
Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo se-CMC ukwethulwa kweqembu le-carboxymethyl (–CH2COOH) kuyunithi ye-glucose ye-β-1,4-glucosidic bond ye-cellulose. Leli qembu le-carboxyl lenza i-anionic. Isakhiwo samangqamuzana e-CMC sinenani elikhulu lamaqembu e-sodium carboxylate. Lawa maqembu ahlukaniswa kalula emanzini, okwenza ama-molecule e-CMC akhokhiswe kabi, ngaleyo ndlela anikeze ukuncibilika kwamanzi okuhle kanye nezakhiwo ezishubile.
Isakhiwo samangqamuzana e-MC ukwethulwa kwamaqembu e-methoxy (–OCH3) kuma-molecule e-cellulose, futhi la maqembu e-methoxy athatha indawo yengxenye yamaqembu e-hydroxyl kuma-molecule e-cellulose. Awekho amaqembu e-ionized esakhiweni se-MC, ngakho-ke ayiyona i-ionic, okusho ukuthi ayihlukanisi noma ikhokhiswe ngesixazululo. Izakhiwo zayo zejeli ezishisayo eziyingqayizivele zibangelwa ukuba khona kwala maqembu e-methoxy.
3. I-Solubility kanye nezakhiwo zomzimba
I-CMC inokuncibilika okuhle emanzini futhi ingancibilika ngokushesha emanzini abandayo ukuze yakhe uketshezi lwe-viscous olusobala. Njengoba iyi-anionic polymer, ukunyibilika kwe-CMC kuthintwa amandla e-ionic kanye nenani le-pH lamanzi. Ezimweni ezinosawoti omningi noma izimo ze-asidi eqinile, ukunyibilika nokuzinza kwe-CMC kuzokwehla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-viscosity ye-CMC izinzile emazingeni okushisa ahlukene.
Ukuncibilika kwe-MC emanzini kuya ngezinga lokushisa. Ingancibilika emanzini abandayo kodwa izokwakha ijeli lapho ishiswa. Le ndawo yejeli eshisayo yenza i-MC idlale imisebenzi ekhethekile embonini yokudla kanye nezinto zokwakha. I-viscosity ye-MC iyehla njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, futhi inokumelana okuhle nokuwohloka kwe-enzymatic nokuzinza.
4. Izici ze-viscosity
I-viscosity ye-CMC ingenye yezakhiwo zayo ezibaluleke kakhulu zomzimba. I-viscosity ihlobene eduze nesisindo sayo samangqamuzana kanye nezinga lokushintshwa. I-viscosity yesisombululo se-CMC inokuhleleka okuhle, imvamisa ikhiqiza i-viscosity ephezulu ekugxiliseni okuphansi (1% -2%), ngakho-ke ivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-thickener, stabilizer kanye ne-ejenti yokumisa.
I-viscosity ye-MC nayo ihlobene nesisindo sayo samangqamuzana kanye nezinga lokushintshwa. I-MC enamazinga ahlukene okushintsha inezici ezihlukile ze-viscosity. I-MC nayo inomphumela omuhle wokuqina esixazululweni, kodwa lapho ishiselwa ekushiseni okuthile, isisombululo se-MC sizoba ijeli. Lesi sakhiwo se-gelling sisetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yokwakha (njenge-gypsum, usimende) kanye nokucubungula ukudla ( Okufana nokuqiniswa, ukwakheka kwefilimu, njll.).
5. Izindawo zokufaka izicelo
I-CMC ivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-thickener, emulsifier, stabilizer, kanye ne-ejenti yokumisa embonini yokudla. Isibonelo, ku-ayisikhilimu, iyogathi neziphuzo zezithelo, i-CMC ingavimbela ngempumelelo ukuhlukaniswa kwezithako futhi ithuthukise ukunambitheka nokuzinza komkhiqizo. Embonini ye-petroleum, i-CMC isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokwelapha udaka ukuze isize ukulawula uketshezi nokulahlekelwa uketshezi loketshezi lokumba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-CMC iphinde isetshenziselwe ukuguqulwa kwe-pulp embonini yephepha nanjenge-ejenti yokulinganisa embonini yendwangu.
I-MC isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yezokwakha, ikakhulukazi odakeni olomile, ama-adhesives amathayili nama-putty powders. Njenge-ejenti ejiyayo ne-ejenti egcina amanzi, i-MC ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kokwakha namandla okubopha. Embonini yezemithi, i-MC isetshenziswa njengezibophezelo zamathebulethi, izinto ezikhishwa isikhathi eside nezinto zodonga lwama-capsule. Izici zayo ze-thermogelling zinika amandla ukukhishwa okulawulwayo ekwakhiweni okuthile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-MC iphinde isetshenziswe embonini yokudla njenge-thickener, stabilizer kanye ne-emulsifier yokudla, njengamasoso, ukugcwaliswa, izinkwa, njll.
6. Ukuphepha kanye ne-biodegradability
I-CMC ithathwa njengesengezo sokudla esiphephile. Ucwaningo olunzulu lwe-toxicological lubonise ukuthi i-CMC ayinabungozi emzimbeni womuntu ngesilinganiso esinconywayo. Njengoba i-CMC iwukuphuma kokususelwe ku-cellulose yemvelo futhi inokubola okuhle kwe-biodegradability, inobungane uma kuqhathaniswa endaweni ezungezile futhi ingonakaliswa amagciwane.
I-MC nayo ithathwa njengesengezo esiphephile futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi emithini, ekudleni nasezimonyoni. Imvelo yayo engeyona i-ionic iyenza izinze kakhulu ku-vivo kanye ne-in vitro. Nakuba i-MC ingeyona i-biodegradable njenge-CMC, iyakwazi futhi ukucekelwa phansi ama-microorganisms ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.
Nakuba i-carboxymethyl cellulose ne-methyl cellulose zombili zitholakala ku-cellulose yemvelo, zinezici ezihlukile ekusebenzeni okungokoqobo ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo zamakhemikhali ezihlukene, izakhiwo ezingokomzimba nezinkambu zokusetshenziswa. I-CMC isetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zokudla, ezemithi nezimboni ngenxa yokuncibilika kahle kwamanzi, ukujiya kanye nezindawo zokumiswa, kuyilapho i-MC ithatha isikhundla esibalulekile embonini yokwakha, yemithi nokudla ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zejeli ezishisayo nokuzinza. Zombili zinezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukile embonini yesimanje, futhi zombili ziyizinto eziluhlaza futhi ezinobungani bemvelo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-18-2024