Iyini iPolymerization?

I-Polymerization yindlela yokusabela kwamakhemikhali lapho ama-monomers (ama-molecule amancane) ahlanganiswa ukuze akhe i-polymer (i-molecule enkulu). Le nqubo ibandakanya ukwakheka kwezibopho ezihlangene phakathi kwama-monomers, okuholela esakhiweni esifana neketango esinamayunithi aphindayo.

I-Polymerization ingenzeka ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise ne-polymerization eyengeziwe kanye ne-polymerization ye-condensation. Ngaphezu kwalokho i-polymerization, ama-monomer ahlanganiswa ndawonye ngochungechunge lokusabela kwamakhemikhali okufaka i-monomer eyodwa ngesikhathi ochungechungeni olukhulayo lwe-polymer. Le nqubo ngokuvamile idinga ukusetshenziswa kwe-catalyst ukuqalisa ukusabela. Izibonelo zokwengeza ama-polymers zifaka i-polyethylene, i-polypropylene, ne-polystyrene.

I-condensation polymerization, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ihilela ukuqedwa kwe-molecule encane, njengamanzi noma utshwala, njengoba ama-monomer ehlangana ukwenza i-polymer. Le nqubo ngokuvamile idinga izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene zama-monomers, ngayinye eneqembu elisebenzayo elingakha isibopho esivumelanayo nelinye. Izibonelo zama-polymers e-condensation zihlanganisa inayiloni, i-polyester, ne-polyurethane.

I-Polymerization isetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza, kufaka phakathi ukukhiqizwa kwamapulasitiki, imicu, izinto zokunamathisela, okokumboza, nezinye izinto. Izakhiwo ze-polymer eziwumphumela zingalungiswa ngokulungisa uhlobo nenani lama-monomers asetshenzisiwe, kanye nezimo zokusabela kwe-polymerization.