Yiziphi izinhlobo zama-retarders?

Ama-retarders ayizithasiselo zamakhemikhali ezinciphisa ukumiswa noma ukuqina kukasimende. Asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezikhonkolo lapho ukulungiselelwa ukubambezeleka kufiseleka khona, njengalapho kushisayo, noma lapho ukuxutshwa okunwetshiwe noma izikhathi zokubeka zidingeka. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-retarders atholakalayo, ngalinye linesethi yalo yezakhiwo kanye nezinzuzo. Nazi ezinye izinhlobo ze-retarders:

1. I-Organic Acids: Ama-asidi e-Organic afana ne-citric, i-tartaric, ne-gluconic acid avame ukusetshenziswa njenge-retarders ezintweni ezisekelwe kusimende. Basebenza ngokusabela nge-lime yamahhala kusimende, ebambezela inqubo yokukhipha amanzi. Ama-retarders e-Organic acid ngokuvamile awanabo ubuthi futhi ayabola, okuwenza abe ukukhetha okuvumela imvelo.
2. Ushukela: Ushukela ofana noshukela, i-sucrose, ne-fructose nawo angasetshenziswa njengezinto ezibuyisela emuva ezintweni ezisekelwe kusimende. Basebenza ngokubopha ebusweni bezinhlayiya zikasimende, okunciphisa inqubo ye-hydration. Izinqamuleli zikashukela zivame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa nezinye ezibuyisela emuva ukuze zinikeze isikhathi sokusetha esilawulwa kakhulu.
3. Usawoti Wama-Inorganic: Usawoti we-Inorganic njenge-borax, i-zinc sulfate, ne-sodium silicate avame ukusetshenziswa njenge-retarders ezintweni ezisekelwe kusimende. Basebenza ngokwakha ifilimu elincanyana ebusweni bezinhlayiya zikasimende, okunciphisa inqubo yokukhipha amanzi. Izinqamuli zikasawoti ezingaphili zivame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa ne-organic acid noma i-sugar retarders ukuze zinikeze isikhathi sokusetha esingaguquguquki futhi esibikezelwayo.
4. I-Lignosulfonates: Ama-Lignosulfonates ama-polymers emvelo atholakala ku-pulp yokhuni. Zivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-retarders ezintweni ezisekelwe kusimende, njengoba zisebenza ngokubopha ebusweni bezinhlayiya zikasimende futhi zinciphise inqubo ye-hydration. Ama-retarders e-Lignosulfonate ngokuvamile asebenza kangcono kusimende we-alumina ephezulu kunakusimende ojwayelekile wase-Portland.
5. I-Hydroxycarboxylic Acids: Ama-Hydroxycarboxylic acid afana ne-gluconic ne-citric acid avame ukusetshenziswa njengezinto ezibuyisela emuva ezintweni ezisekelwe kusimende. Basebenza ngokuchela ama-ion e-calcium amahhala kusimende, okunciphisa inqubo yokukhipha amanzi. I-Hydroxycarboxylic acid retarders ivamise ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa nezinye izinqamuleli ukuze kuhlinzekwe isikhathi sokusetha esingaguquki nesibikezeleka.
6. I-Polycarboxylate Ether (PCE) I-Superplasticizers: Ama-superplasticizer e-PCE avame ukusetshenziswa njenge-retarders ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezikhonkolo lapho isikhathi sokusetha esibambezelekile sifiseleka. Basebenza ngokuhlakaza izinhlayiya zikasimende futhi banciphise ukushuba kwamanzi emanzini, okunciphisa inqubo ye-hydration. I-PCE retarders ivame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa namanye ama-superplasticizers ukunikeza isikhathi sokusetha esingaguquki futhi esibikezelwe.

Sengiphetha, ama-retarders ayingxenye ebalulekile yezinto ezisekelwe kusimende, njengoba enikeza isikhathi sokusetha esilawulwa kakhulu futhi angasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwempahla. Uhlobo lwe-retarder esetshenzisiwe luzoncika kuhlelo lokusebenza oluthile kanye nesikhathi sokusetha esifiswayo, kanye nezakhiwo zikasimende nezinye izithasiselo ezisetshenzisiwe. Ngokukhetha uhlobo olulungile lwe-retarder, osonkontileka nonjiniyela bangaqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zabo ezisekelwe kusimende ziqinile, zihlala isikhathi eside, futhi zisebenza kahle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.