I-Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) i-polymer encibilika emanzini evame ukusetshenziswa embonini kawoyela negesi njengesithako soketshezi lokumba. I-PAC iphuma ku-cellulose, okuyingxenye yesakhiwo eyinhloko yezindonga zamaseli ezitshalo. I-PAC iphumelela kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni izakhiwo ze-rheological zoketshezi lokumba, njenge-viscosity, ukulawulwa kokulahlekelwa uketshezi, kanye nezakhiwo zokumiswa. Lesi sihloko sizodingida izakhiwo, ukusetshenziswa, kanye nezinzuzo ze-PAC oketshezini lokumba i-petroleum.

Izakhiwo ze-Polyanionic Cellulose

I-PAC i-polymer encibilika emanzini etholakala ku-cellulose. Kuyinhlanganisela yesisindo samangqamuzana ephezulu equkethe amaqembu e-carboxymethyl kanye ne-hydroxyl. I-degree of substitution (DS) ye-PAC ibhekisela enanini eliyisilinganiso lamaqembu e-carboxymethyl ngeyunithi ngayinye ye-anhydroglucose yomgogodla we-cellulose. Inani le-DS liyipharamitha ebalulekile ethinta izici ze-PAC, njengokuncibilika kwayo, i-viscosity, nokuzinza kwe-thermal.

I-PAC inesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele esiyivumela ukuthi ihlangane nama-molecule amanzi namanye ama-polymer kuketshezi lokumba. Ama-molecule e-PAC akha inethiwekhi enezinhlangothi ezintathu zamabhondi e-hydrogen nokusebenzisana kwe-electrostatic nama-molecule wamanzi nezinye izithasiselo ze-polymeric, njenge-xanthan gum noma i-guar gum. Lesi sakhiwo senethiwekhi sithuthukisa i-viscosity kanye nokuziphatha kwe-shear-thinning yoketshezi lokumba, okuyizinto ezibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kokumba.

Izicelo zePolyanionic Cellulose

I-PAC iyi-polymer eguquguqukayo engasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezihlukene zoketshezi zokumba, njengodaka olusekelwe emanzini, udaka olusekelwe kuwoyela, nodaka olusekelwe ezintweni zokwenziwa. I-PAC isetshenziswa kakhulu odakeni olususelwe emanzini ngenxa yokuncibilika kwayo okuhle kakhulu kwamanzi nokuhambisana nezinye izithasiselo. I-PAC yengezwa oketshezini lokumba lapho kugxilwe khona kusuka ku-0.1% kuya ku-1.0% ngesisindo, kuye ngezimo nezinjongo ezithile zokumba.

I-PAC isetshenziswa ekubholeni uketshezi ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa:

1. I-Viscosification: I-PAC inyusa i-viscosity yoketshezi lokumba, okusiza ukumisa okwesikhashana kanye nokuthutha okusikiwe nokunye okuqinile ngaphandle kwe-borehole. I-PAC iphinde isize ekugcineni ubuqotho bomthombo wamanzi ngokuvimbela ukulahlekelwa uketshezi ekwakhekeni okungenekayo.
2. Ukulawulwa kokulahlekelwa uketshezi: I-PAC isebenza njenge-ejenti yokulawula ukulahlekelwa uketshezi ngokwenza ikhekhe lesihlungi elincanyana, elingangeneli odongeni lwe-borehole. Leli khekhe lokuhlunga livimbela ukulahlekelwa uketshezi lokumba ekubunjweni, okungabangela ukulimala kokubunjwa nokunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokusebenza kokumba.
3. Ukuvimbela i-Shale: I-PAC inesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele esivumela ukuthi ikwazi ukukhanga kumaminerali obumba kanye nokwakheka kwe-shale. Lokhu kukhangisa kunciphisa ukuvuvukala nokuhlakazeka kokwakheka kwe-shale, okungabangela ukungazinzi kwe-wellbore nezinye izinkinga zokumba.

Izinzuzo zePolyanionic Cellulose

I-PAC inikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa ekusebenzeni kokumba, okuhlanganisa:

1. Ukusebenza kahle kokumba okuthuthukisiwe: I-PAC ithuthukisa izici ze-rheological zoketshezi lokumba, olufana ne-viscosity nokulawulwa kokulahlekelwa uketshezi. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwemisebenzi yokumba ngokunciphisa isikhathi nezindleko ezidingekayo ukuze kubholwe umthombo.
2. Ukuvikelwa kokwakheka: I-PAC isiza ukugcina ubuqotho bomthombo ngokuvimbela ukulahlekelwa uketshezi kanye nokunciphisa ukulimala kokubunjwa. Lokhu kuvikela ukwakheka futhi kunciphisa ubungozi bokungazinzi kwe-wellbore nezinye izinkinga zokumba.
3. Ukuhambisana kwemvelo: I-PAC iyipolymer encibilika emanzini ebolayo futhi ehambisana nemvelo. Lokhu kuyenza ibe isithako esikhethwayo sokumba uketshezi ezindaweni ezizwela kakhulu imvelo.

Isiphetho

I-Polyanionic cellulose iyisengezo esisebenza kahle kakhulu oketshezini lokumba i-petroleum ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene. I-PAC ithuthukisa izakhiwo ze-rheological zoketshezi lokumba, ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokumba, futhi ivikele ukwakheka ekulimaleni. I-PAC iphinde ihambisane nemvelo futhi ikhethwa ezindaweni ezibucayi. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-PAC kuketshezi lokumba kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhubeke ukukhula esikhathini esizayo njengoba imboni kawoyela negesi iqhubeka nokufuna ubuchwepheshe obusha bokumba nezindlela zokwandisa ukukhiqizwa nokunciphisa izindleko.