I-Cellulose ether (i-CelluloseEther) yenziwe nge-cellulose ngokusabela kwe-etherification kwe-ejenti ye-etherification eyodwa noma amaningana kanye nokugaya okomile. Ngokwezakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezihlukene zama-ether substituents, ama-cellulose ether angahlukaniswa abe ama-anionic, cationic kanye nama-nonionic ether. Ionic cellulose ethers ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa i-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC); ama-non-ionic cellulose ether ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa i-methyl cellulose ether (MC), i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) kanye ne-hydroxyethyl cellulose Ether (HC), njll. -ionic water-soluble ethers isetshenziswa kakhulu emikhiqizweni yodaka. Ebukhoneni be-calcium ions, i-ionic cellulose ether ayizinzile, ngakho-ke ayivamisile ukusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yodaka oluxutshwe okomile esebenzisa usimende, umcako we-slaked, njll. njengezinto zokuhlanganisa. I-Nonionic water-soluble cellulose ethers isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yezinto zokwakha ngenxa yokuqina kwayo kokumiswa kanye nokugcinwa kwamanzi.
01. Izici zamakhemikhali ze-cellulose ether
I-cellulose ether ngayinye inesakhiwo esiyisisekelo se-cellulose - isakhiwo se-anhydroglucose. Enqubweni yokukhiqiza i-cellulose ether, i-cellulose fiber iqala ukushiswa ngesisombululo se-alkaline, bese iphathwa nge-ejenti etherifying. Umkhiqizo we-fibrous reaction uyahlanzwa futhi ucolwe ukwenza impushana efanayo enobunono obuthile.
I-Propylene oxide isetshenziselwa ukuthola okufakwe esikhundleni se-hydroxypropyl ngaphezu kwe-methane chloride ekukhiqizeni i-HPMC. Ama-cellulose ether ahlukahlukene anezilinganiso ezihlukile ze-methyl ne-hydroxypropyl esikhundleni, ezithinta ukuhambisana kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nezinga lokushisa elishisayo le-gelation yezixazululo ze-cellulose ether.
Enqubweni yokukhiqiza ye-MC, i-methyl chloride kuphela esetshenziswa njenge-etherification agent
02. Izimo zokusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose ether:
I-Cellulose ether i-non-ionic semi-synthetic high molecular polymer, encibilika emanzini futhi encibilika. Inemiphumela ehlukene ezimbonini ezahlukene. Isibonelo, ezintweni zokwakha zamakhemikhali, zinemiphumela elandelayo eyinhlanganisela:
①I-ejenti egcina amanzi ②Thickener ③Leveling impahla ④Isakhiwo sefilimu ⑤Binder
Embonini ye-polyvinyl chloride, iyi-emulsifier ne-dispersant; embonini yezemithi, iyisibophezelo kanye nezinto zohlaka lokukhishwa kancane futhi olulawulwayo, njll. Ngenxa yokuthi i-cellulose inemiphumela ehlukahlukene ehlanganisiwe, ukusetshenziswa kwayo Inkambu nayo ibanzi kakhulu. Okulandelayo kugxile ekusetshenzisweni nasekusebenzeni kwe-cellulose ether ezintweni zokwakha ezihlukahlukene.
(1) Ku-wall scraping putty:
Njengamanje, emadolobheni amaningi ezweni lami, i-putty engavimbeli amanzi kanye ne-scrub-friendly i-putty iye yaziswa kakhulu abantu. Ikhiqizwa ukusabela kwe-acetal ye-vinyl utshwala ne-formaldehyde. Ngakho-ke, le nto isuswa kancane kancane ngabantu, futhi imikhiqizo yochungechunge lwe-cellulose ether isetshenziselwa ukufaka esikhundleni salokhu. Okusho ukuthi, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto zokwakha ezinobungani bemvelo, i-cellulose okwamanje yiyona nto kuphela.
Ku-putty engavimbeli amanzi, ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili: i-powder putty ne-putty paste. Phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili ze-putty, i-methyl cellulose eguquliwe kanye ne-hydroxypropyl methyl kufanele kukhethwe. Ukucaciswa kwe-viscosity ngokuvamile kuphakathi kuka-30000-60000cps. Imisebenzi eyinhloko ye-cellulose ku-putty ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukubopha kanye nokugcoba. Njengoba amafomula we-putty abakhiqizi abahlukahlukene ehlukile, amanye ayi-calcium empunga, i-calcium ekhanyayo, usimende omhlophe, njll., kanti amanye ayimpushana ye-gypsum, i-calcium empunga, i-calcium ekhanyayo, njll. amafomula amabili nawo ahlukene. Isamba esingeziwe singaba ngu-2 ‰-3 ‰. Ekwakhiweni kwe-wall scraping putty, njengoba isisekelo sodonga sinezinga elithile lokumuncwa kwamanzi (izinga lokumuncwa kwamanzi odongeni lwezitini liyi-13%, futhi izinga lokumuncwa kwamanzi likakhonkolo liyi-3-5%), kuhambisana nokuhwamuka kwezwe langaphandle, uma i-putty ilahlekelwa amanzi ngokushesha okukhulu , Kuzoholela ekuqhekekeni noma ekususweni kwempushana, okuzokwenza buthaka amandla e-putty. Ngakho-ke, ukwengeza i-cellulose ether kuzoxazulula le nkinga. Kodwa ikhwalithi ye-filler, ikakhulukazi ikhwalithi ye-ash calcium nayo ibaluleke kakhulu.
Ngenxa ye-viscosity ephezulu ye-cellulose, i-buoyancy ye-putty nayo iyathuthukiswa, futhi umkhuba wokuwohloka ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa nawo uyagwenywa, futhi kuba ntofontofo futhi konga umsebenzi ngemuva kokukhuhla. Kuyadingeka ukwengeza i-cellulose ether eyengeziwe ku-putty powder. Ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwayo kulula kakhulu. I-filler kanye nezithasiselo zingaxutshwa ngokulinganayo ku-powder eyomile.
(2) Udaka lukakhonkolo:
Odakeni lukakhonkolo, ukuze kuzuzwe amandla okugcina, usimende kumele ube namanzi ngokuphelele. Ikakhulukazi ekwakhiweni kwehlobo, udaka lwekhonkrithi lulahlekelwa amanzi ngokushesha, futhi izilinganiso ze-hydration ephelele zisetshenziselwa ukugcina nokufafaza amanzi. Ukuchithwa kwezinsiza kanye nokusebenza okungalungile, isihluthulelo siwukuthi amanzi angaphezulu kuphela, futhi i-hydration yangaphakathi namanje ayiphelele, ngakho-ke isisombululo sale nkinga ukwengeza i-cellulose egcina amanzi ku-concrete yodaka, ngokuvamile ukhetha i-hydroxypropyl methyl. noma i-methyl fiber Ukucaciswa kwe-viscosity kuphakathi kuka-20000-60000cps, futhi inani elingeziwe lingu-2% -3%. Izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi lingakhuphuka libe ngaphezu kwama-85%. Indlela yokusebenzisa ukhonkolo wodaka ukuxuba impushana eyomile ngokulinganayo bese uyifaka emanzini.
(3) Ekukhometheni i-gypsum, i-gypsum eboshiwe, ne-caulking gypsum:
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemboni yezokwakha, isidingo sabantu sezinto zokwakha ezintsha siyanda. Ngenxa yokwanda kokuqwashisa kwabantu ngokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokusebenza kahle kokwakhiwa, imikhiqizo ye-gypsum kasimende ithuthuke ngokushesha. Njengamanje, imikhiqizo evame kakhulu ye-gypsum i-gypsum yokunamathisela, i-gypsum eboshiwe, i-gypsum ehlotshisiwe, ne-adhesive tile. I-plastering gypsum iyikhwalithi ephezulu yokukhonkoloza kwezindonga zangaphakathi nophahla. Udonga olunamekwe ngalo lulungile futhi lubushelelezi. Uhlobo olusha lokunamathisela kwebhodi lokukhanya lokwakha luyinto enamathelayo eyenziwe nge-gypsum njengento eyisisekelo futhi ingeza izithasiselo ezihlukahlukene. Ifanele ukuhlangana phakathi kwezinto ezihlukahlukene zezindonga zokwakha ezingaphili. Ayinabuthi, ayinambitheki, futhi iyilungiselelo elisheshayo. Kuyinto esekelayo yokwakha amabhodi kanye nokwakhiwa kwebhulokhi; i-ejenti ye-gypsum caulking iyisigcwalisi segebe phakathi kwamabhodi e-gypsum kanye nesigcwalisi sokulungisa izindonga nokuqhekeka.
Le mikhiqizo ye-gypsum inochungechunge lwemisebenzi ehlukene. Ngaphezu kwendima ye-gypsum kanye nezigcwalisi ezihlobene, inkinga eyinhloko ukuthi izithasiselo ze-cellulose ether ezengeziwe zidlala indima ehamba phambili. Njengoba i-gypsum ihlukaniswe yaba i-gypsum anhydrous kanye ne-hemihydrate gypsum, i-gypsum ehlukene inemiphumela ehlukene ekusebenzeni komkhiqizo, ngakho-ke ukuqina, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kanye nokuvinjelwa kunquma izinga lezinto zokwakha ze-gypsum. Inkinga evamile yalezi zinto ezisetshenziswayo ukugoba nokuqhekeka, futhi amandla okuqala awakwazi ukufinyelelwa. Ukuxazulula le nkinga, ukukhetha uhlobo lwe-cellulose kanye nendlela yokusebenzisa inhlanganisela ye-retarder. Mayelana nalokhu, i-methyl noma i-hydroxypropyl methyl 30000 ngokuvamile iyakhethwa. -60000cps, inani elingeziwe ngu-1.5% -2%. Phakathi kwazo, i-cellulose igxile ekugcineni amanzi kanye nokunciphisa ukuthambisa. Kodwa-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuthembela ku-cellulose ether njenge-retarder, futhi kuyadingeka ukwengeza i-citric acid retarder ukuxuba nokusebenzisa ngaphandle kokuthinta amandla okuqala.
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi ngokuvamile kubhekisela ekutheni angakanani amanzi azolahleka ngokwemvelo ngaphandle kokumuncwa kwamanzi ngaphandle. Uma udonga lome kakhulu, ukumuncwa kwamanzi kanye nokuhwamuka kwemvelo endaweni engaphansi kuzokwenza izinto zilahlekelwe amanzi ngokushesha kakhulu, futhi ukumboza nokuqhekeka nakho kuzokwenzeka. Le ndlela yokusetshenziswa ixubene nempushana eyomile. Uma ulungisa isixazululo, sicela ubheke indlela yokulungiselela ikhambi.
(4) Udaka lwe-thermal insulation
I-insulation mortar iwuhlobo olusha lwempahla yokufaka udonga lwangaphakathi esifundeni esisenyakatho. Kuyimpahla yodonga ehlanganiswe ngezinto zokufakelwa, udaka kanye ne-binder. Kule nto, i-cellulose idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlanganiseni nasekukhuliseni amandla. Ngokuvamile khetha i-methyl cellulose ene-viscosity ephezulu (mayelana ne-10000cps), umthamo ngokuvamile uphakathi kuka-2 ‰-3 ‰), futhi indlela yokusetshenziswa ukuxutshwa kwempuphu eyomile.
(5) i-ejenti yesixhumi esibonakalayo
Khetha i-HPNC 20000cps ye-ejenti yesixhumi esibonakalayo, khetha u-60000cps noma ngaphezulu wokunamathela kuthayela, futhi ugxile ku-thickener ku-ejenti yesixhumi esibonakalayo, engathuthukisa amandla aqinile namandla okulwa nomcibisholo. Isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti egcina amanzi ekuhlanganisweni kwamathayili ukuvimbela amathayili ukuthi angawomi amanzi emzimbeni ngokushesha futhi awe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-20-2023