Inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-HPMC
Inqubo yokukhiqiza yeI-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)kubandakanya uchungechunge lwamakhemikhali, imishini, nezinyathelo ezishisayo. Inqubo iqala ngokuthola i-celtulose eluhlaza emicu yemvelo futhi iphetha ngokukhiqizwa kwe-powder enhle, eyomile efanelekile kwizicelo ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kubuka konke okunemininingwane kuhlanganisa igxathu ngalinye kwinqubo yokukhiqiza i-HPMC, kufaka phakathi ukwephulwa kwezigaba ezibalulekile, izinto zokwakha, ukusabela, kanye nezindlela zokulawula ikhwalithi.
Isingeniso ekukhiqizeni kwe-HPMC
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose(I-HPMC) iyi-cellulose ether esetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo, kufaka phakathi ukwakhiwa (isib. Izengezo sikasimende), ama-sharmaceutives (njenge-spinder noma umquba), imikhiqizo yokunakekelwa komuntu (njenge-shampoos), nokuningi. Izakhiwo zayo ezihlukile zifaka ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ikhono elakha amafilimu, ukubonakala okuphezulu, kanye nokuguqulwa kalula.
I-HPMC idalwe ngokuguqula amakhemikhali e-cellulose, i-polymer yemvelo ekhishwe kwimicu yezitshalo. Ngenqubo yokusheshisa, amaqembu athile asebenzayo-ama-methylna-hydroxypropylAmaqembu - angeniswa kuma-molecule we-cellulose, ngaleyo ndlela aguqule izakhiwo zawo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali. Lezi zinguquko zidlulisela izici ezifiselekayo njenge-soubelity yamanzi, ukugeleza okuthuthukile, kanye nezakhiwo ezicebile kumkhiqizo.
Lezi zingxenye ezilandelayo zinikeza ukuwohloka okuningiliziwe kwezinyathelo ezibandakanyeka ekukhiqizeni i-HPMC, ukumboza ukulungiselela okubonakalayo, izinqubo zamakhemikhali, kanye nezinyathelo zokukhiqiza ngemuva.
1. Ukulungiswa okubonakalayo okuluhlaza
Impahla evamile eluhlaza yokukhiqizwa kwe-HPMCcellulose, okutholwe kusuka kumicu yezitshalo, ikakhulukazi upuleti wezinkuni noma ama-linters ekotini. I-cellulose kumele ibhekane nochungechunge lwezindlela zokwelapha ukuze zisuse ukungcola futhi zikulungiselele inqubo yokusheshisa. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-cellulose ihlanzekile futhi iyasebenza.
1.1. Ukugoqa nokuhlanzwa kwe-cellulose
| Gxatha | Enza ngendlela ethile | Bonisana |
|---|---|---|
| Ukuthola Ukuthathwa Kwe-Cellulose | Thola i-cellulose kusuka kumicu yemvelo, enjenge-solip pulp noma ama-lotton linters. | I-cellulose kufanele ibe nobumsulwa obuphezulu bokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi enhle ye-HPMC. |
| Ukuhlambululela | Susa izinto ezingeyona-cellulose, ezinjenge-lignin ne-hemicellulose, usebenzisa ukwelashwa kwe-alkali. | Imvamisa, i-sooh hydroxide (NAOH) noma i-potassium hydroxide (Koh) isetshenziselwa ukuncibilikisa i-hemicellulose kanye ne-lignin. |
| Ukugeza | Hlambulula ngamanzi ukususa amakhemikhali asele. | I-Rinsing isusa i-alkali eyeqile nokunye ukungcola ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-cellulose imsulwa. |
Imicu ye-cellulose iyacutshungulwa futhi yomiswe ukufeza okuqukethwe okuthize komswakama, okubaluleke kakhulu ngezinyathelo ezalandela.
1.2. Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili nge-alkali
Izixazululo ze-cellulose ziphathwa ngesisombululo se-soodium hydroxide (NAOH) ukwenza imicu ibe ngcono futhi ivule ukwakheka kwayo. Lokhu kubizwaUkwelashwa kwe-Alkali or kusebenze, futhi kuyisinyathelo esibucayi senqubo.
| Gxatha | Enza ngendlela ethile | Bonisana |
|---|---|---|
| I-Alkali Activation | I-cellulose ifakwe esixazululweni se-alkaline (Naoh) amahora amaningi ekushiseni okukhona. | Isixazululo se-alkaline sigcwala i-cellulose, okwenza kusebenzele ngokwengeziwe ngenqubo yokusheshisa. |
| Umbango | Ngemuva kokwelashwa, ingxube ishiywe ukuze iphumule amahora amaningi noma izinsuku. | Lokhu kuvumela imicu ye-cellulose ukuba iqinise futhi iqinisekise ukufana kwesinyathelo esilandelayo. |
2. Inqubo yokukhetha
Ukutholwa yinqubo lapho i-cellulose iphendulwa khonamethyl chloride (ch₃cl)na-I-propellene oxide (c₃h₆o)ukwethula i-methyl (CH₃) ne-hydroxypropyl (c₃h₆oh) amaqembu, ukuguqula iselula kuyoI-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC).
Lesi yisigaba esibucayi kakhulu sokukhiqiza i-HPMC, njengoba sinquma ikhwalithi nezakhiwo zomkhiqizo wokugcina.
2.1. I-methylation (i-methyl group angeziwe)
Imicu ye-cellulose iqala ukusabela ngemethyl chlorideEbukhoneni besisekelo (imvamisa i-sodium hydroxide, uNaoh), owethula amaqembu we-methyl (-ch₃) esakhiweni se-cellulose.
| Gxatha | Enza ngendlela ethile | Bonisana |
|---|---|---|
| Methylation | I-cellulose yaphendulwa nge-methyl chloride (CH₃CL) phambi kukaNah. | Ukuphendula kwethule amaqembu we-methyl (-ch₃) emaketangeni e-cellulose. Lawa mafomuI-methylcellulose (MC)Njengomphakathi. |
| Ukulawula Ukuphendula | Ukuphendula kulawulwa ngokucophelela ngokuya ngamazinga okushisa (30-50 ° C) nesikhathi. | Ukushisa okuphezulu kakhulu kungadala ukusabela okungafuneki, ngenkathi kuphansi kakhulu izinga lokushisa linganciphisa izinga lokufaka esikhundleni. |
Inani le-methylation liyanqumadegree of inhlanganisela (DS), okuthinta i-solubity kanye nokubona umkhiqizo wokugcina.
2.2. I-Hydroxypropylication (I-HYDROXYPROPYL PROUP YEBNOBS)
I-cellulose bese iphendulwa nayoI-propellene oxide (c₃h₆o)ukwethulaAmaqembu we-Hydroxypropyl (-C₃h₆oh), enikeza i-HPMC izakhiwo zayo zesimo, njenge-solubility yamanzi nokubonakala.
| Gxatha | Enza ngendlela ethile | Bonisana |
|---|---|---|
| Hydroxypropylication | I-methylated cellulose iphathwa nge-propelene oxide ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo. | Amafomu okuphendulaI-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). |
| Ukucaca | I-Sodium Hydroxide noma i-sodium carbonate isetshenziswa njenge-catalyst. | Isisekelo sisiza ekusebenzeni kwe-oxide ye-oxide ukusabela. |
Izinga le-hydroxypropyls futhi lithonya izakhiwo zokugcina ze-HPMC, njengokubonakala kwayo, ukulekelela, kanye nekhono lokukha amafilimu.
2.3. Ukulawula Ukuphendula Ukulawula
Ukuphendula okuthe xaxa kwenziwa kuI-Reactor Vesselngaphansi kwa-Izinga lokushisa elilawulwayo nengcindezi. Izimo ezijwayelekile zimi ngokulandelayo:
| Ipharameter | Izimo |
|---|---|
| Izinga lokushisa nokubanda | 30 ° C kuya ku-60 ° C |
| Ukucindezela | Ingcindezi yasemkhathini noma ephakeme kancane |
| Isikhathi Sokuphendula | Amahora ama-3 kuya kwayi-6, kuya nge-degree efiselekayo yokufaka esikhundleni |
Ukuphendula kumele kulawulwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusheshisa okufanayo futhi kugweme ukusabela okungaphelele.
3. Ukungathathi hlangothi nokugeza
Ngemuva kwenqubo yokusheshisa, ingxube yokusabela iqukethe amakhemikhali amaningi we-alkali namakhemikhali angavuthiwe. Lokhu kudinga ukungathathi hlangothi futhi kususwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo wokugcina we-HPMC uphephile, umsulwa, futhi uhlangabezana nokucaciswa.
3.1. Ukwenziwa kwabathathwa
| Gxatha | Enza ngendlela ethile | Bonisana |
|---|---|---|
| Ukwenziwa kwabathathwa | Faka i-acid ebuthakathaka, enjenge-hydrochloric acid (HCL), ukuze ungathathi hlangothi ngokweqile naoh. | I-acid ayithathitha noma yiziphi izakhi ezisele ze-alkaline. |
| Ukulawulwa kwe-PH | Qinisekisa ukuthi i-PH yengxube ayithathi hlangothi (PH 7) ngaphambi kokuqhubekela esigabeni esilandelayo. | Ukungathathi hlangothi kusiza ukuvikela izingqinamba ngokuqina komkhiqizo wokugcina. |
3.2. Ukugeza
| Gxatha | Enza ngendlela ethile | Bonisana |
|---|---|---|
| Ukugeza | Geza ingxube engathathi hlangothi ngamanzi. | Ukuhlanza okuningi kungadingeka ukususa wonke amakhemikhali asele nemikhiqizo. |
| Ukuhlambululela | Umkhiqizo uhlungiwe ukuze ususe noma yiziphi izinhlayiya ezingabonakali noma ukungcola. | Lesi sinyathelo siqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo wokugcina uhlanzekile futhi ukhululekile ezitokisini. |
4. Ukomisa nokukhuthaza
KanyeI-HPMCI-Slurry ayithathi hlangothi futhi ihlungiwe, isinyathelo esilandelayo somiswa ukuguqula umkhiqizo ube yimpuphu enhle. Inqubo yokumisa ilawulwa ngokucophelela ukuze ilondoloze izakhiwo zamakhemikhali ze-HPMC.
4.1. -Okunceyoma
| Gxatha | Enza ngendlela ethile | Bonisana |
|---|---|---|
| -Okunceyoma | I-hpmc slurry ehlungiwe yomisiwe, imvamisa isebenzisaSpray eyomile, I-Drum yomiswa, nomaQhwanganisa ukomaamasu. | I-Spray Corying iyindlela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke, lapho ama-slurry angena khona futhi asoma emfuleni oshisayo womoya. |
| Ukulawulwa kokushisa | Izinga lokushisa lilawulwa ngokucophelela ukuze ligweme ukonakaliswa kwe-cellulose ether. | Imvamisa, amazinga okushisa aphakathi kuka-50 ° C kuya ku-150 ° C asetshenziswa, kuya ngendlela yokumisa. |
4.2. Ukugaya nokuvinjwa
| Gxatha | Enza ngendlela ethile | Bonisana |
|---|---|---|
| Gonqiweyo | I-HPMC eyomisiwe ihlelekile ku-powder enhle. | Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi abahlukahlukene. |
| Sieving | Umhlabathi we-HPMC we-HPMC uvinjezelwe ukufeza usayizi ofanayo wezinhlayiyana. | Iqinisekisa ukuthi i-powder inokugeleza okufisayo nokusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiyana. |
5. Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi nokuhlola
Ngaphambi kokuthi umkhiqizo wokugcina we-HPMC uhlanganiswe futhi uthunyelwe, wenziwa izivivinyo zokulawula ezisezingeni eliphakeme ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ihlangabezana namazinga ezimboni.
5.1. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Viscosity
| Gxatha | Enza ngendlela ethile | Bonisana |
|---|---|---|
| Isilinganiso se-Viscosity | Kala ukubonakala kwesisombululo esijwayelekile se-HPMC emanzini. | I-viscosity ye-HPMC ibalulekile ukuthola izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinjengezinamathela, ukumboza, kanye nezinto zokwakha. |
5.2. Okuqukethwe umswakama
| Gxatha | Enza ngendlela ethile | Bonisana |
|---|---|---|
| Ukuhlolwa komswakama | Hlola kokuqukethwe komswakama okusele. | Umswakama owedlulele ungaholela ekusebenzeni kabi kwezicelo ezithile. |
5.3. Ukuhlolwa kokumsulwa nokungcola
| Gxatha | Enza ngendlela ethile | Bonisana |
|---|---|---|
| Ukuhlaziywa kobumsulwa | Hlola ubumsulwa be-HPMC usebenzisa amasu anjenge-chromatography. | Iqinisekisa ukuthi i-HPMC ayiqukethe amakhemikhali asele angenasisekelo. |
6. Ukupakishwa
Lapho i-HPMC idlula konke ukuhlolwa kokulawulwa kwekhwalithi, ifakwenisha, isikala, nomaamaqhubuyoKuya ngezidingo zamakhasimende.
| Gxatha | Enza ngendlela ethile | Bonisana |
|---|---|---|
| Ukuwowapha | Iphakethe umkhiqizo wokugcina we-HPMC ezitsheni ezifanele. | Umkhiqizo bese ulungele ukuthunyelwa kumakhasimende. |
| Ukulebula | Ukulebula okufanele ngemininingwane, inombolo ye-batch, kanye nokuphatha imiyalo. | Amalebula ahlinzeka ngolwazi olubucayi kumakhasimende. |
Ukugcina
Inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-hydroxypropylllylylyl (HPMC) ifaka izigaba eziningi ezilawulwa ngokucophelela, kusukela ekuhlanzeni nasekuhlanjweni kwe-cellulose ekuphaketheni kokugcina komkhiqizo. Isinyathelo ngasinye senqubo sithonya ikhwalithi nezakhiwo ze-HPMC, njengokusobala, ukulekelela kanye nekhono elenza ifilimu.
Ukuqonda inqubo ngokuningiliziwe kuqinisekisa ukuthi abakhiqizi bangakhulisa isigaba ngasinye ukukhiqiza umkhiqizo osezingeni eliphakeme elihlangabezana nezidingo zezimboni ezahlukahlukene, ezivela eMkhakheni.
Isikhathi sePosi: Feb-07-2025