Yini i-adipic acid dihydrazide?

I-adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH): Ukubuka okuphelele okuphelele

Adipic acid dihydrazide(ADH) iyingxenye yamakhemikhali edlala indima ebalulekile ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi amakhemikhali, ezolimo, izimbobo, izindwangu, kanye namakhemikhali we-polymer. Kuyindawo ehlukahlukene ephakathi nendawo enobubanzi bezicelo ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esiyingqayizivele samakhemikhali kanye nokuvuselelwa kabusha. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuthi yiphi i-adipi acid dihydrazide, izakhiwo zayo zamakhemikhali, izindlela zokwenziwa, izinhlelo zezimboni, neqhaza lazo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene.

1. Ukubuka konke okuphelele kwe-adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH)?

I-Adipic Acid Dihydrazide (ADH) iyisisulu se-adipic acid, okuyi-dicarboxyylic acid egcwele i-dicarboxylic ngefomula C₆H₁₀O₄. Ifomu le-dihydrazide le-adipic acid liqukethe amaqembu amabili e-hydrazide (-nh-nh₂) anamathiselwe emuva emuva kwe-adipic acid backbone. Lawa maqembu asebenzayo asebenza nge-hydrazide anesibopho sokuvuselelwa kwe-complound futhi enze i-adh indawo ebalulekile yokwakha ekwenziweni kwamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene, izinto zokwakha, kanye nemithi.

Ifomula yamakhemikhali ye-ADH yiC₆H₁₄n₄o₂, futhi isisindo sayo samangqamuzana sicishe ibe ngu-174.21 g / mol. Kuvela njengempuphu emhlophe ye-crystalline noma okuqinile, okuncibilikayo emanzini notshwala kepha kuyabonakala ku-organic solvents.

2. Isakhiwo samakhemikhali se-adipic acid dihydrazide

Isakhiwo samakhemikhali se-adipic acid dihydrazide siqukethe amaqembu amabili asebenza nge-hydrazide (-nh-nh₂) anamathiselwe emuva emuva kwe-hexane. Lesi sakhiwo sinikeza i-ADH yayo yokuvuselela amakhemikhali futhi yenza kube yindawo enhle yezicelo ezahlukahlukene zezimboni. Ukwakheka okuyisisekelo kwe-ADH kungavezwa kanjena:

Hooc-Ch₂-Ch₂-Ch₂-Ch₂-Ch₂-Ch₂-Ch₂-NH₂-NH₂ → Hooc-Ch₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂

Lesi sakhiwo sibalulekile ngoba amaqembu e-hydrazide angakha amabhondi ezinzile namanye amakhompiyutha, okwenza i-adh ibala eliwusizo ekukhiqizweni kwamanye amakhemikhali nezinto zokwakha.

3. Izakhiwo ze-adipic acid dihydrazide

I-Adipic acid dihydrazide inayo izakhiwo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zamakhemikhali nezomzimba ezenza zilusizo ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo:

• Isisindo molecular: 174.21 g / mol
• Ukubonakala: I-White Crystalline powder noma iqinile
• Ubuhlakaniselo: Ukuncibilika emanzini notshwala; insoluble ku-organic solvents eningi
• Iphuzu elincibilikayo: Cishe ngo-179 ° C
• Ukuphendula kwamakhemikhali: Ngenxa yokuba khona kwamaqembu e-hydrazide, i-ADH iyasebenza kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ekuphendukeni okubandakanya ukufaka esikhundleni kwe-nucleophilic kanye nokuvuselelwa.

I-solubity ye-ADH emanzini yenza kube yindawo enhle yokwakhiwa kwamanzi ezisetshenzisweni zezimboni nezemithi. Ukuvuselelwa kwayo kuyakuvumela ukuthi isebenze njenge-ejenti exhumanisayo noma ophakathi nendawo ekuhlanganiseni kwama-molecule anzima kakhulu.

4. Synthesis we-adipic acid dihydrazide

Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-adipic acid dihydrazide ngokuvamile kuhilela ukusabela kwe-adipic acid nge-hydrazine (NH₂-NH₂). Ama-molecule amabili ama-hydrazine asabela ngamaqembu e-carboxyl a adipic acid, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwe-dihydrazide compact.

Indlela Yokuphendula

Ukuhlanganiswa kungadilizwa kanjena:

1. Kusebenze kweqembu le-carboxyll: Amaqembu e-carboxyl (-Cooh) we-adipic acid aculwa yi-hydrazine, ephendula nge-carbonyl carbon ukwakha i-hydrazone ephakathi.
2. Hydrazinolysis: Ama-molecule e-hydrazine ahlangana nokungena esikhundleni se-nucleophilic nge-Carbonyl Group, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwamaqembu asebenza nge-hydrazide anamathiselwe emuva emuva kwe-adipic acid.
3. Ukuhlambululela: Umkhiqizo ophumayo uhlanjululwa ngokubuyiselwa kabusha noma amanye amasu ukuthola i-adipic acid dihydrazide.

5. Izicelo ze-adipic acid dihydrazide

I-Adipic acid dihydrazide isetshenziswa kuzo zonke izimboni eziningi ngenxa yokuvuselela kabusha kanye nokuguquguquka okuhlukahlukene. Ngezansi kwemikhakha eyinhloko lapho kusetshenziswa khona i-ADH:

a. I-polymer kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-resin

Enye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu i-ADH ekukhiqizweni kwama-polyurethanes, ama-resins, nezinye izinto ze-polymeric. Amaqembu asebenza nge-Hydrazide e-ADH akwenza ukuthi asebenze njenge-ejenti exhuma, ethuthukisa izakhiwo zemishini, ukuqina okushisayo, nokuqina kwezinto zokugcina. I-ADH ivame ukusetshenziswa ku:

• I-Polyurethane Coatings: I-ADH isiza ukudala izimbobo ezihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu ezindaweni ezihlukene, kufaka phakathi izicelo zezimoto, zokwakha kanye nezimboni.
• I-polymer chemistry: I-ADH isebenza njengebhulokhi yokwakha esemqoka ekusekelweni kwama-polyamides, ama-polyurethanes, namanye ama-polymers asebenza kahle.

b. Imboni yezemithi

Emkhakheni wezemithi, i-ADH ingumphakathi obalulekile ekuhlanganiseni kwezidakamizwa ezisuselwa e-hydrazone nezinye izinhlanganisela ze-bioactive. Ama-hydrazines ayizigaba zamakhompiyutha abonisa imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yebhayoloji, kufaka phakathi ukuvuvukala, anti-cancer, kanye nezakhiwo ze-antimicrobial. I-ADH isetshenziswa ku:

• Ukwakhiwa kwezidakamizwa: I-ADH isetshenziselwa ukuvumelanisa okuvela kokutholwa kwe-hydrazone ukuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa ezintsha ngezakhiwo ezithile zokwelapha.
• Amakhemikhali okwelapha: I-ADH nayo isetshenziswa ekuklameni kwezidakamizwa ukudala amakhompiyutha nge-bioavailability ethuthukisiwe, i-potency, kanye nokukhetha.

c. Amakhemikhali Ezolimo

I-ADH idlala indima ekuhlolweni kwama-agrochemicals, njengokubulala ama-herbicides, ama-fungicides, kanye nezinambuzane. Lezi zinhlanganisela zizuza emaqenjini e-hydrazide e-ADH, ezinikezela ukusebenziseka kwamakhemikhali. I-ADH isetshenziselwa ukuvumelanisa:

• Ama-herbicides: Amakhompiyutha avimbela ukukhula kwezitshalo ezingafuneki.
• Isikhuntana: Amakhemikhali avimbela ukukhula kwesikhunta nokubumba ezitshalweni.
• Ama-insecticides: Amakhompiyutha abulala noma anciphise izinambuzane ezitshalweni.

d. Imboni yendwangu

Embonini yezindwangu, i-ADH isetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwemicu nezindwangu eziphakeme. Izakhiwo ezixhumanisayo ze-ADH zikwenza kube wusizo ekuthuthukiseni amandla okusebenza, ukuqina, kanye nokumelana nokonakaliswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Kuvame ukuqashwa ekukhiqizweni:

• Imicu eqinile: I-ADH ithuthukisa ukuqina nokuqina kwemicu esetshenziswa ezindwangu.
• Izindwangu ezingavikeli amanzi: Izindwangu eziphathwa nge-adh zibonisa ukumelana kwamanzi okuthuthukile, ukuzenza zilungele izinhlelo zangaphandle.

e. Ukumboza nopende

I-Adipic acid dihydrazide nayo isetshenziswa kabanzi emboni nasezindongeni zepende. I-ADH isebenza njengomenzeli oxhumanisayo othuthukisa ukusebenza kwamapende nezimbobo, ebanikeza ngezakhiwo eziphakeme ezifana:

• Ukuqina okuthuthukile okushisayo
• Ukukhuphuka kokumelana kwamakhemikhali
• Ukuqina okuthuthukile

Lezi zakhiwo zenza izimbangi eziphathiswe i-Adh zilungele ukusetshenziswa ezizingelo zezimoto, zezimboni, kanye nezakhiwo.

f. Ucwaningo Nentuthuko

Ngaphezu kwezinhlelo zayo ezentengiso, i-ADH nayo isetshenziswa ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni. Ukuguquguquka kwayo njengoMphakathi wamakhemikhali kwenza kube yigugu kumakhemikhali we-organic wokwenziwa, ikakhulukazi ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto ezintsha namakhemikhali. I-ADH isetshenziswa ku:

• Ukuhlanganiswa kwamakhompiyutha amasha: Abaphenyi basebenzisa i-ADH ukudala amakhompiyutha amasha asuselwa ku-hydrazone anezakhiwo ezihlukile.
• Isayensi Yezinto Ezibonakalayo: I-ADH isetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezinto ezintsha ezinezimpawu ezithile zokusebenza, njengamandla akhulayo noma ukumelana nokonakaliswa.

6. Ukuphepha nokusingathwa kwe-adipic acid dihydrazide

Ngenkathi i-adipic acid dihydrazide imvamisa ibhekwa iphephile lapho iphathwe kahle, kubalulekile ukulandela izinqubo ezijwayelekile zokuphepha lapho zisebenza naleli Chemical. Izinyathelo zokuphepha ezilandelayo kufanele zibhekwe:

• Imishini yokuzivikela (i-PPE): Gqoka i-PPE efanelekile, kufaka phakathi amagilavu, ama-goggles, kanye namajazi welebhu, lapho uphatha i-adh.
• Ukupholisa: Qinisekisa ukuthi indawo yokusebenza inomoya omuhle ukugwema ukuphefumula kothuli noma amakhaza.
• Ukubeka: Gcina i-ADH endaweni epholile, eyomile, kude nemithombo yokushisa, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ivalwe ngokuqinile ukuvikela ukumuncwa komswakama.
• Ukulahlwa: Lahla i-ADH ngokuya ngemithetho yendawo nemihlahlandlela yezemvelo, njengoba i-Compound ingaba nemithelela yemvelo uma ingalahlwa kahle.

I-Adipic Acid Dihydrazide (ADH) iyingxenye ehlukahlukene futhi ebalulekile enezicelo eziningi ezikhona ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene. Amandla alo okusebenza njengomenzeli oxhumanisayo kanye nokuphakathi kokusabela kwamakhemikhali kwenza kube yingxenye ebucayi ekukhiqizweni kwama-polymers, ama-resins, amakhemikhali, amakhemikhali ezolimo kanye nezindwangu. Noma ngabe kusetshenziswe ekukhiqizweni kwezinto ezisebenza kahle, ukuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa ezintsha, noma ukuhlanganiswa kwama-agrochemicals, i-ADH idlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni amandla emikhakheni eminingi.

Njengekhompiyutha yamakhemikhali, i-ADH inikezela ngezinzuzo zezimboni nezentengiselwano, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuqhubekayo kulindeleke ukuthi kukhule njengoba kutholakala izinhlelo ezintsha zokusebenza. Ukuqonda izakhiwo zayo zamakhemikhali, ukuhlanganiswa, kanye nezicelo kubalulekile ezinkampanini nakubacwaningi babheke ukuhlanganisa amandla aphelele we-adipic acid dihydrazide emikhiqizweni yabo nasezinhlelweni zabo.