01 Thickener thickener: Ikasungunuka kapena kumwazikana m'madzi, imatha kukulitsa kukhuthala kwamadzimadzi ndikusunga mawonekedwe okhazikika a hydrophilic polima mu dongosolo. Maselo a maselo ali ndi magulu ambiri a hydrophilic, monga -0H, -NH2, -C00H, -COO, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimatha ...
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