Mtondo wosakanizidwa wokonzeka umagawidwa kukhala matope osakaniza ndi matope owuma molingana ndi njira yopangira. Kusakaniza konyowa kosakaniza ndi madzi kumatchedwa matope osakaniza, ndipo olimba opangidwa ndi zinthu zouma amatchedwa matope osakaniza. Pali zida zambiri zomwe zimaphatikizidwa mumatope osakaniza okonzeka. Kuphatikiza pa zinthu za simenti, zophatikizika, ndi zophatikizika zamamineral, zosakaniza ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti zisinthe pulasitiki yake, kusunga madzi, komanso kusasinthasintha. Pali mitundu yambiri ya admixtures kwa matope okonzeka osakaniza, omwe amatha kugawidwa mu cellulose ether, starch ether, redispersible latex powder, bentonite, etc. kuchokera ku mankhwala; Zitha kugawidwa mu air-entraining wothandizira, stabilizer, anti-cracking CHIKWANGWANI, Retarder, accelerator, madzi reducer, dispersant, etc.
1 Zosakaniza wamba zamatope osakaniza okonzeka
1.1 Wothandizira mpweya
The air-entraining agent ndi yogwira ntchito, ndipo mitundu wamba monga rosin resins, alkyl ndi alkyl onunkhira hydrocarbon sulfonic zidulo, etc. Pali magulu hydrophilic ndi magulu hydrophobic mu mpweya-entraining wothandizila molekyulu. Pamene mpweya wolowetsa mpweya umawonjezeredwa kumatope, gulu la hydrophilic la molekyulu yolowera mpweya imakongoletsedwa ndi tinthu tating'ono ta simenti, pomwe gulu la hydrophobic limalumikizidwa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta mpweya. Ndipo wogawana kugawira mu matope, kuti achedwetse oyambirira hydration ndondomeko simenti, kusintha madzi posungira ntchito matope, kuchepetsa kutayika kwa kusasinthasintha, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, ting'onoting'ono thovu mpweya akhoza kugwira ntchito lubricating, kuonjezera pumpability ndi sprayability wa matope.
Wothandizira mpweya amayambitsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tambiri mumatope, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matopewo azigwira ntchito bwino, amachepetsa kukana pakupopera ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, komanso amachepetsa kutsekeka; kuwonjezera kwa mpweya-entraining wothandizila amachepetsa kumakoka chomangira mphamvu ya matope Magwiridwe, monga kuchuluka kwa matope kuwonjezeka, kutayika kwa mphamvu yomangika chomangira mphamvu kuwonjezeka; Wothandizira mpweya amawongolera zizindikiro zogwirira ntchito monga kusasinthasintha kwamatope, 2h kutayika kosasunthika komanso kuchuluka kwa madzi osungira madzi, komanso kumapangitsanso kupopera ndi kupopera ntchito ya makina opopera matope , Komano, zimayambitsa kutayika kwa matope amphamvu ndi mgwirizano. mphamvu.
Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti popanda kuganizira momwe ma cellulose ether amagwirira ntchito, kuwonjezereka kwa zinthu zopangira mpweya kungathe kuchepetsa kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka matope okonzeka osakanikirana, kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi kusasinthasintha kwa matope kudzachulukirachulukira, komanso kuchuluka kwa madzi osungira ndi madzi. mphamvu yopondereza idzachepa; Kafukufuku wokhudza kusintha kwa index ya magwiridwe antchito a matope osakanikirana ndi cellulose ether ndi air-entraining agent adapeza kuti mutatha kusakaniza mpweya wopangira mpweya ndi cellulose ether, kusinthika kwa awiriwa kuyenera kuganiziridwa. Ma cellulose ether amatha kupangitsa kuti zinthu zina zopatsira mpweya zilephereke, motero kupangitsa kuti madzi asungidwe mumatope achepe.
Kusakaniza kumodzi kwa mpweya-entraining wothandizila, shrinkage kuchepetsa wothandizila ndi chisakanizo cha zonsezi zimakhudza kwambiri katundu wa matope. Kuwonjezera mpweya-entraining wothandizila akhoza kuonjezera shrinkage mlingo wa matope, ndi Kuwonjezera shrinkage kuchepetsa wothandizira akhoza kwambiri kuchepetsa shrinkage mlingo wa matope. Onsewa amatha kuchedwetsa kung'ambika kwa mphete yamatope. Ziwirizo zikasakanizidwa, kuchuluka kwa matope kwa matope sikumasintha kwambiri, ndipo kukana kwa ming'alu kumawonjezeka.
1.2 Redispersible latex ufa
Redispersible latex ufa ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri lamakono la ufa wowuma wowuma. Ndi madzi sungunuka organic polima opangidwa ndi mkulu-maselo polima emulsion kudzera kutentha ndi kuthamanga, kutsitsi kuyanika, mankhwala pamwamba ndi njira zina. Emulsion yopangidwa ndi ufa wongowonjezwdwa wa latex mu matope a simenti imapanga mawonekedwe a filimu ya polima mkati mwa matope, omwe amatha kupititsa patsogolo luso la matope a simenti kuti asawonongeke.
Redispersible latex ufa ukhoza kupititsa patsogolo kusungunuka ndi kulimba kwa zinthu, kupititsa patsogolo kayendedwe ka matope osakanikirana, ndikukhala ndi zotsatira zochepetsera madzi. Gulu lake lidafufuza momwe machiritso amagwirira ntchito pamphamvu yolimba yamatope.
Zotsatira zafukufuku zimasonyeza kuti pamene kuchuluka kwa ufa wa rabara wosinthidwa uli pakati pa 1.0% mpaka 1.5%, katundu wamagulu osiyanasiyana a ufa wa rabara amakhala oyenerera. Pambuyo pa redispersible latex ufa wawonjezedwa ku simenti, kuchuluka kwa hydration kwa simenti kumachepetsa, filimu ya polima imakutira tinthu tating'ono ta simenti, simentiyo imakhala ndi hydrated, ndipo zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimasinthidwa. Kusakaniza redispersible latex ufa mu matope a simenti kungachepetse madzi, ndipo latex ufa ndi simenti zimatha kupanga maukonde kuti apititse patsogolo mphamvu yomangirira yamatope, kuchepetsa kuphulika kwa matope, ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito amatope.
Mu phunziroli, chiŵerengero chokhazikika cha laimu-mchenga chinali 1: 2.5, kusasinthasintha kunali (70 ± 5) mm, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ufa wa rabara kunasankhidwa ngati 0-3% ya mchenga wa laimu. Kusintha kwazinthu zazing'onoting'ono za matope osinthidwa pamasiku a 28 kudawunikidwa ndi SEM, ndipo zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti Kukwera kwamafuta a latex ufa, kupitilirabe filimu ya polima imapangidwa pamwamba pa matope a hydration, ndipo bwino ntchito ya matope.
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti pambuyo kusakaniza matope simenti, ndi polima particles ndi simenti coagulate kupanga zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo wosanjikiza wina ndi mzake, ndi dongosolo lathunthu maukonde adzapangidwa pa ndondomeko hydration, potero kuwongolera kwambiri kugwirizana kumakokedwe mphamvu ndi kumanga. za matope opangira ma thermal insulation. ntchito.
1.3 Unga wokhuthala
Ntchito ya thickening ufa ndi kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yonse ya matope. Ndi zinthu zopanda mpweya zopangira ufa zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana, ma polima achilengedwe, ma surfactants ndi zida zina zapadera. Thickening ufa zikuphatikizapo redispersible latex ufa, bentonite, organic mchere ufa, madzi-kusunga thickener, etc., amene ali ena adsorption tingati pa thupi madzi mamolekyu, osati kuonjezera kugwirizana ndi kasungidwe madzi a matope, komanso kukhala bwino ngakhale ndi simenti zosiyanasiyana. Kugwirizana kungathandize kwambiri ntchito ya matope. Cao Chun et al] adaphunzira momwe HJ-C2 imakhudzidwira ufa pakuchita matope wamba wowuma wowuma, ndipo zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti ufa wokhuthala sunakhudze pang'ono kusasinthika komanso mphamvu ya 28d yophatikizika ya matope wamba wowuma, ndipo zinali ndi zotsatira zochepa pa delamination ya matope Pali kusintha kwabwinoko. Iye waphunzira chikoka cha thickening ufa ndi zosiyanasiyana zigawo zikuluzikulu pa thupi ndi makina zolozera ndi durability wa matope atsopano pansi mlingo osiyana. Zotsatira zafukufuku zikuwonetsa kuti kugwira ntchito kwa matope atsopano kwakhala bwino kwambiri chifukwa cha kuwonjezera ufa wochuluka. Kuphatikizika kwa redispersible latex ufa kumapangitsa kuti matope azitha kusinthasintha, amachepetsa mphamvu yamatope, komanso kuphatikizika kwa cellulose ether ndi zinthu zamchere zamchere kumapangitsa kuti mphamvu yolimba komanso yosinthika yamatope ikhale yochepa; Zigawozi zimakhudza kukhazikika kwa matope osakaniza owuma, omwe amawonjezera kuchepa kwa matope. Wang Jun et al. adaphunzira mphamvu ya bentonite ndi cellulose ether pazizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zamachitidwe amatope okonzeka osakanikirana. Pansi pa chikhalidwe cha kuonetsetsa ntchito yabwino matope, izo anaganiza kuti mulingo woyenera kwambiri mlingo wa bentonite ndi za 10kg/m3, ndi chiŵerengero cha mapadi ether ndi mkulu. Mlingo woyenera kwambiri ndi 0.05% ya kuchuluka kwazinthu zonse za simenti. Pachiŵerengero ichi, ufa wonyezimira wosakanikirana ndi ziwirizo umakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa ntchito yonse ya matope.
1.4 Selulosi Ether
Cellulose ether idachokera ku tanthauzo la makoma a cell cell ndi mlimi waku France Anselme Payon m'ma 1830s. Amapangidwa ndikuchitapo kanthu pa cellulose kuchokera kumatabwa ndi thonje ndi caustic koloko, kenako ndikuwonjezera etherification agent for chemical reaction. Chifukwa cellulose ether imakhala ndi madzi abwino osungira komanso kukhuthala, kuwonjezera kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka cellulose ether ku simenti kumatha kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito a matope osakanikirana atsopano. Pazinthu zopangidwa ndi simenti, mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ya cellulose ether imaphatikizapo methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether ndi hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether kwambiri. amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) imakhala ndi chikoka chachikulu pamadzimadzi, kusungika kwa madzi komanso kulimba kwa matope odziyimira pawokha. Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti cellulose ether imatha kusintha kwambiri kusungidwa kwamadzi mumatope, kuchepetsa kusasinthika kwa matope, komanso kuchita bwino pakuchepetsa; pamene kuchuluka kwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether kuli pakati pa 0.02% ndi 0.04%, mphamvu ya matope imachepetsedwa kwambiri. Cellulose ether imapangitsa kuti mpweya uzikhala bwino komanso umapangitsa kuti matope agwire bwino ntchito. Kusungidwa kwa madzi ake kumachepetsa stratification ya matope ndikutalikitsa nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito matope. Ndi kuphatikiza komwe kungathe kusintha bwino ntchito ya matope; kafukufuku Panthawiyi, adapezanso kuti zomwe zili mu cellulose ether siziyenera kukhala zokwera kwambiri. Ngati ndipamwamba kwambiri, mpweya wa matope udzawonjezeka kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa kachulukidwe, kutaya mphamvu ndi kukhudza ubwino wa matope. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kuwonjezera pa cellulose ether kwambiri bwino kasungidwe madzi matope, ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo ali ndi mphamvu kwambiri kuchepetsa madzi pa matope. Ma cellulose ether amathanso kuchepetsa kuchulukana kwa matope osakaniza, kutalikitsa nthawi yokhazikitsa, ndikuwongolera mphamvu yosunthika komanso yopondereza. kuchepetsa. Ma cellulose ether ndi starch ether ndi zinthu ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga matope.
Komabe, chifukwa cha kusiyana kwakukulu kwa ma cellulose ethers, magawo a maselo amakhalanso osiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kusiyana kwakukulu pakuchita kwa matope a simenti osinthidwa. Mphamvu ya matope a simenti yosinthidwa ndi cellulose ether yokhala ndi mamasukidwe apamwamba ndi otsika m'malo mwake. Pamene zomwe zili mu cellulose ether zikuwonjezeka, mphamvu yopondereza ya slurry ya simenti imasonyeza chizolowezi chocheperachepera ndipo pamapeto pake chimakhazikika, pamene mphamvu ya flexural imasonyeza kuwonjezeka, kuchepa, kukhazikika komanso kukhazikika. Kuwonjezeka pang'ono kusintha ndondomeko.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-02-2023