1. Kusunga madzi ndi kukhuthala
Mtundu waukulu wa zinthu zomangira madzi ndi cellulose ether. Ma cellulose ether ndi osakanikirana bwino kwambiri omwe amatha kusintha kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a matope ndikuwonjezera pang'ono. Amasinthidwa kuchokera ku cellulose yosasungunuka m'madzi kukhala ulusi wosungunuka m'madzi kudzera mu etherification reaction. Amapangidwa ndi plain ether ndipo ali ndi gawo loyambira la anhydroglucose. Lili ndi katundu wosiyana malinga ndi mtundu ndi chiwerengero cha magulu olowa m'malo mwake. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thickener kusintha kusasinthasintha kwa matope; kusungirako madzi ake Ikhoza kusintha bwino madzi omwe amafunidwa mumatope, ndipo amatha kumasula madzi pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi, zomwe zingathe kuonetsetsa kuti slurry ndi gawo lapansi lomwe limayamwa madzi limagwirizana bwino. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mapadi ether akhoza kusintha rheological katundu matope, kuonjezera workability ndi workability. Magulu otsatirawa a cellulose ether atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zowonjezera mumatope osakanizika: ①Na-carboxymethyl cellulose; ②Ethyl cellulose; ③Methyl cellulose; ④Hydroxy cellulose ether; ⑤Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose; ⑥wowuma ester, ndi zina. Kuphatikiza kwa ma cellulose ether omwe tawatchulawa amathandizira kuti matope osakanizika azigwira bwino ntchito: ①Kuwonjezera kugwira ntchito; ②Onjezani zomatira; ③Mtondo siwophweka kukhetsa magazi ndikulekanitsa; Kukana kwabwino kwambiri kwa crack; ⑥ Tondo ndi losavuta kupanga mu zigawo zoonda. Kuphatikiza pa zomwe zili pamwambazi, ma cellulose ethers osiyanasiyana amakhalanso ndi katundu wawo wapadera. Cai Wei wochokera ku yunivesite ya Chongqing anafotokoza mwachidule njira yopititsira patsogolo ya methyl cellulose ether pa ntchito ya matope. Ankakhulupirira kuti atawonjezera MC (methyl cellulose ether) chosungira madzi mumatope, tinthu tating'ono tating'ono ta mpweya timapangidwa. Zimakhala ngati mpira wonyamula, womwe umapangitsa kuti matope osakanikirana azitha kugwira ntchito, ndipo matope a mpweya amasungidwabe mu thupi lamatope owuma, kupanga pores odziimira okha ndi kutsekereza pores capillary. MC madzi posungira wothandizira angathenso Kupititsa patsogolo kusungidwa kwa madzi a matope osakaniza mwatsopano kwambiri, zomwe sizingalepheretse matope kuti asakhetse magazi ndi kulekanitsa, komanso kuteteza madzi kuti asatuluke mofulumira kwambiri kapena kutengeka ndi gawo lapansi mofulumira kwambiri. siteji yoyambirira ya machiritso, kuti simenti ikhale yabwinoko hydrated, kotero kuti chomangira Mphamvu ndi bwino. Kuphatikizika kwa MC wosungira madzi kumapangitsa kuti matopewo azichepa. Ichi ndi ufa wabwino wosungira madzi omwe amatha kudzazidwa mu pores, kotero kuti ma pores ogwirizana mumatope achepetsedwa, ndipo kutayika kwa evaporation kwa madzi kudzachepetsedwa, motero kuchepetsa kuuma kwa matope. mtengo. Cellulose ether nthawi zambiri amasakanizidwa mumatope osakaniza owuma, makamaka akagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zomatira matailosi. Ngati ma cellulose ether asakanizidwa mu zomatira matailosi, mphamvu yosungira madzi ya matailosi a mastic imatha kusintha kwambiri. Ma cellulose ether amalepheretsa kutayika kwamadzi mwachangu kuchokera ku simenti kupita ku gawo lapansi kapena njerwa, kotero kuti simentiyo imakhala ndi madzi okwanira kuti ikhale yolimba, imatalikitsa nthawi yokonza, ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yolumikizana. Kuphatikiza apo, ether ya cellulose imapangitsanso pulasitiki ya mastic, imapangitsa kuti ntchito yomanga ikhale yosavuta, imawonjezera malo olumikizana pakati pa mastic ndi njerwa, komanso imachepetsa kutsetsereka ndi kugwa kwa mastic, ngakhale misa pagawo lililonse ndi yayikulu komanso kachulukidwe pamwamba ndi mkulu. Matailosi amamatiridwa pamalo oyima popanda kutsetsereka kwa mastic. Ma cellulose ether amathanso kuchedwetsa kupanga khungu la simenti, kutalikitsa nthawi yotseguka, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ntchito ya simentiyo.
2. organic CHIKWANGWANI
Ulusi wogwiritsidwa ntchito mumatope ukhoza kugawidwa muzitsulo zachitsulo, ulusi wa inorganic ndi ulusi wa organic malinga ndi katundu wawo. Kuwonjezera ulusi mumatope kumatha kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe ake odana ndi ming'alu ndi anti-seepage. Ulusi wa organic nthawi zambiri umawonjezedwa ku matope osakanizika kuti apangitse kusawotchera komanso kukana kwa matope. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi: polypropylene fiber (PP), polyamide (nayiloni) (PA) fiber, polyvinyl alcohol (vinylon) (PVA) fiber, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyethylene fiber, polyester fiber, etc. Pakati pawo, polypropylene fiber ndi pakali pano amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Ndi crystalline polima ndi dongosolo wokhazikika polymerized ndi propylene monoma mu zinthu zina. Imakhala ndi corrosion resistance resistance, good processability, lightweight, small creep shrinkage, and low price. Ndipo makhalidwe ena, ndipo chifukwa polypropylene CHIKWANGWANI kugonjetsedwa ndi asidi ndi zamchere, ndipo si mankhwala amachita ndi zipangizo simenti ofotokoza, walandira chidwi ambiri kunyumba ndi kunja. Mphamvu yotsutsa kusweka kwa ulusi wosakanikirana ndi matope imagawidwa m'magawo awiri: imodzi ndi siteji yamatope apulasitiki; chinacho ndi siteji ya thupi lamatope. Mu siteji ya pulasitiki ya matope, ulusi wogawidwa mofanana umapereka mawonekedwe a maukonde atatu-dimensional, omwe amathandiza kuthandizira kuphatikizika kwabwino, kumalepheretsa kukhazikika kwamagulu abwino, ndi kuchepetsa kusiyana. Kusiyanitsa ndiko chifukwa chachikulu cha kuphulika kwa matope, ndipo kuwonjezera kwa ulusi kumachepetsa kugawanika kwa matope ndi kuchepetsa kuthekera kwa kuphulika kwa matope. Chifukwa cha nthunzi wamadzi mu siteji ya pulasitiki, kuchepa kwa matope kumatulutsa kupsinjika kwamphamvu, ndipo kuwonjezera kwa ulusi kumatha kupirira kupsinjika kumeneku. Mu gawo louma la matope, chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa shrinkage yowumitsa, kuchepa kwa carbonization, ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha, kupanikizika kumapangidwanso mkati mwa matope. kukula kwa microcrack. Yuan Zhenyu ndi ena anamalizanso kudzera mu kuwunika kwa mayeso olimbana ndi ming'alu ya mbale yamatope kuti kuwonjezera ulusi wa polypropylene mumatope kungachepetse kwambiri kuchitika kwa ming'alu ya pulasitiki ndikuwongolera kukana kwa matope. Pamene voliyumu zili polypropylene CHIKWANGWANI mu matope ndi 0,05% ndi 0,10%, ming'alu akhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi 65% ndi 75%, motero. Huang Chengya ndi ena ochokera ku School of Materials, South China University of Technology, adatsimikiziranso kudzera muyeso lamakina azinthu zosinthidwa za polypropylene fiber simenti zomwe zimawonjezera ulusi wochepa wa polypropylene kumatope a simenti amatha kusintha mphamvu yosinthika komanso yophatikizika. wa matope a simenti. Kuchuluka kwa fiber mu matope a simenti ndi pafupifupi 0.9kg/m3, ngati kuchuluka kwake kumaposa kuchuluka kwake, kulimbitsa ndi kulimba kwa fiber pamatope a simenti sikudzakhala bwino, ndipo sikuli ndalama. Kuonjezera ulusi mumatope kungathandize kuti matopewo asawonongeke. Pamene matrix a simenti amachepa, chifukwa cha ntchito yazitsulo zabwino zomwe zimaseweredwa ndi ulusi, mphamvu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino. Ngakhale ngati pali ming'alu yaying'ono pambuyo pa coagulation, pansi pa kupsinjika kwa mkati ndi kunja, kuwonjezeka kwa ming'alu kudzalepheretsedwa ndi dongosolo la fiber network. , Ndizovuta kuti zikhale ming'alu yayikulu, kotero zimakhala zovuta kupanga njira yodutsamo, potero kumapangitsa kuti matope asawonongeke.
3. Wowonjezera
Wowonjezera ndi chinthu china chofunikira chotsutsana ndi kung'amba ndi kutsutsa-seepage mumatope osakaniza owuma. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakukulitsa ndi AEA, UEA, CEA ndi zina zotero. Wothandizira kukulitsa kwa AEA ali ndi zabwino zamphamvu zazikulu, mlingo wocheperako, mphamvu zambiri pambuyo pake, kuchepa kouma, komanso kutsika kwa alkali. Kashiamu aluminiyamu mchere CA mu mkulu-alumina clinker mu AEA chigawo choyamba kuchita ndi CaSO4 ndi Ca (OH)2 kuti hydrate kupanga kashiamu sulfoaluminate hydrate (ettringite) ndi kukulitsa. UEA imapanganso ettringite kuti iwonjezere, pomwe CEA imapanganso calcium hydroxide. AEA expansion agent ndi calcium aluminate expansion agent, chomwe ndi chophatikiza chokulirapo chomwe chimapangidwa pogaya gawo lina la aluminiyamu wapamwamba kwambiri, alunite wachilengedwe ndi gypsum. Kukula komwe kunapangidwa pambuyo pa kuwonjezera kwa AEA makamaka chifukwa cha mbali ziwiri: kumayambiriro kwa simenti ya simenti, kashiamu aluminiyamu mchere CA mu mkulu aluminiya clinker mu AEA chigawo choyamba amachita ndi CaSO4 ndi Ca(OH)2, ndi hydrates. kupanga calcium sulfoaluminate hydrate (ettringite) ndikukulitsa, kuchuluka kwa kukulitsa kumakhala kwakukulu. The kwaiye ettringite ndi hydrated zotayidwa hydroxide gel osakaniza kumapangitsanso gawo kufutukuka ndi gel osakaniza gawo momveka zikugwirizana, amene osati kuonetsetsa kukulitsa ntchito komanso kuonetsetsa mphamvu. Pakati ndi mochedwa magawo, ettringite komanso amapanga ettringite pansi pa chisangalalo cha laimu gypsum kubala yaying'ono-kukula, amene bwino ndi microstructure wa simenti aggregate mawonekedwe. Pambuyo AEA anawonjezera matope, kuchuluka kwa ettringite kwaiye mu magawo oyambirira ndi apakati adzakulitsa voliyumu matope, kupanga dongosolo mkati kwambiri yaying'ono, kusintha pore kapangidwe matope, kuchepetsa macropores, kuchepetsa okwana. porosity, komanso kusintha kwambiri impermeability. Pamene matope ali mumkhalidwe wouma pambuyo pake, kufalikira kwa magawo oyambirira ndi apakati kungathe kuthetsa zonse kapena gawo la shrinkage pambuyo pake, kotero kuti kukana kwa ming'alu ndi kukana kwa madzi kumatheka. Zowonjezera za UEA zimapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe monga sulfates, alumina, potaziyamu sulfoaluminate ndi calcium sulfate. UEA ikasakanizidwa mu simenti yokwanira, imatha kukwaniritsa ntchito zolipira kuchepa, kukana ming'alu ndi anti-leakage. UEA ikawonjezeredwa ku simenti wamba ndikusakaniza, imachita ndi calcium silicate ndi hydrate kupanga Ca (OH) 2, yomwe imapanga sulfoaluminic acid. Calcium (C2A · 3CaSO4 · 32H2O) ndi ettringite, yomwe imapangitsa kuti matope a simenti achuluke pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kuchuluka kwa matope a simenti kumayenderana ndi zomwe zili mu UEA, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matopewo akhale ochepa, okhala ndi kukana kwakukulu kwa ming'alu ndi kusasunthika. Lin Wentian anapaka matope a simenti osakanikirana ndi UEA ku khoma lakunja, ndipo adapeza zotsatira zabwino zotsutsana ndi kutayikira. CEA kukulitsa wothandizira clinker amapangidwa ndi miyala yamwala, dongo (kapena mkulu aluminiyado dongo), ndi chitsulo ufa, amene calcined pa 1350-1400 ° C, ndiyeno pansi kupanga CEA kukulitsa wothandizira. Othandizira okulitsa a CEA ali ndi magwero awiri okulitsa: CaO hydration kupanga Ca (OH) 2; C3A ndikuyambitsa Al2O3 kupanga ettringite mu sing'anga ya gypsum ndi Ca(OH)2.
4. Pulasitiki
Mortar plasticizer ndi matope osakanikirana ndi mpweya wopangidwa ndi ma polima a organic ndi ma inorganic chemical admixtures, ndipo ndi anionic pamwamba-active material. Ikhoza kuchepetsa kwambiri kugwedezeka kwapamtunda kwa yankho, ndikupanga ming'oma yambiri yotsekedwa ndi yaying'ono (nthawi zambiri 0.25-2.5mm m'mimba mwake) panthawi yosakaniza matope ndi madzi. Mtunda pakati pa ma microbubbles ndi ochepa komanso kukhazikika kwake ndikwabwino, komwe kungathe kusintha kwambiri magwiridwe antchito amatope. ; Iwo akhoza kumwazitsa particles simenti, kulimbikitsa simenti hydration anachita, kusintha matope mphamvu, impermeability ndi amaundana-thaw kukana, ndi kuchepetsa mbali ya mowa simenti; imakhala ndi mamasukidwe abwino, kumamatira mwamphamvu kwa matope osakanizidwa ndi izo, ndipo ikhoza kukhala bwino Pewani zovuta zomanga nyumba monga zipolopolo (kubowola), kung'ambika, ndi kutuluka kwa madzi pakhoma; ikhoza kupititsa patsogolo malo omanga, kuchepetsa mphamvu ya ntchito, ndi kulimbikitsa ntchito yomanga; ndi phindu lalikulu kwambiri lazachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu lomwe lingathe kupititsa patsogolo pulojekiti yabwino ndikuchepetsa zinthu zoteteza zachilengedwe komanso zopulumutsa mphamvu ndi zomanga zotsika mtengo. Lignosulfonate ndi plasticizer yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumatope owuma, omwe ndi zinyalala za mphero zamapepala, ndipo mlingo wake wamba ndi 0.2% mpaka 0.3%. Mapulastiki nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mumatope omwe amafunikira zinthu zabwino zodzipangira okha, monga ma cushion odziyimira pawokha, matope apamwamba kapena matope owongolera. Kuwonjezera mapulasitiki mu matope opangira miyala kungathandize kuti matope azitha kugwira ntchito bwino, kusungirako madzi, kusungunuka ndi kugwirizanitsa matope, ndikugonjetsa zofooka za matope osakanikirana ndi simenti monga phulusa lophulika, kuchepa kwakukulu ndi mphamvu zochepa, kuti zitsimikizire. Ubwino wa zomangamanga. Itha kupulumutsa 50% laimu phala mu pulasitala matope, ndi matope si kosavuta kukhetsa magazi kapena kupatukana; matope amamatira bwino ku gawo lapansi; wosanjikiza pamwamba alibe chodabwitsa salting-out, ndipo ali bwino ming'alu kukana, chisanu kukana ndi nyengo.
5. Hydrophobic zowonjezera
Zowonjezera za hydrophobic kapena zothamangitsa madzi zimalepheretsa madzi kulowa mumatope komanso kusunga matope kuti alole kufalikira kwa nthunzi wamadzi. Zowonjezera za Hydrophobic pazosakaniza zowuma ziyenera kukhala ndi izi: ①Ziyenera kukhala zopangidwa ndi ufa; ②Khalani ndi zinthu zabwino zosakaniza; ③Pangani matope ngati hydrophobic yonse ndikukhalabe ndi nthawi yayitali; ④Kumangirira pamwamba Mphamvu ilibe zoyipa zowonekera; ⑤ ochezeka ndi chilengedwe. Mankhwala a Hydrophobic omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pano ndi mchere wachitsulo wamafuta, monga calcium stearate; silane. Komabe, kashiamu stearate si oyenera hydrophobic zowonjezera kwa youma wothira matope, makamaka pulasitala zipangizo zomangamanga makina, chifukwa n'zovuta kusakaniza mwamsanga ndi uniformly ndi matope simenti. Zowonjezera za Hydrophobic zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka pulasitala popaka pulasitala wopyapyala wakunja wotsekereza matenthedwe, zopangira matailosi, matope amitundu yokongoletsera, ndi matope opaka osalowa madzi kumakoma akunja.
6. Zina zowonjezera
Coagulant imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha mawonekedwe ndi kuuma kwa matope. Calcium formate ndi lithiamu carbonate amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Zomwe zimanyamula ndi 1% calcium formate ndi 0.2% lithiamu carbonate. Monga ma accelerator, ma retarders amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kusintha mawonekedwe ndi kuumitsa kwa matope. Asidi wa tartaric, citric acid ndi mchere wake, ndi gluconate zagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino. Mlingo wamba ndi 0.05% ~ 0.2%. Powdered defoamer amachepetsa mpweya wopezeka mumatope atsopano. Ma defoam opangidwa ndi ufa amachokera kumagulu osiyanasiyana amankhwala monga ma hydrocarbon, polyethylene glycols kapena ma polysiloxanes omwe amatsatsa pazithandizo za inorganic. Wowuma ether amatha kukulitsa kusasinthasintha kwa matope, motero kuchulukitsa pang'ono kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi kuchuluka kwa zokolola, ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa dothi losakanizika kumene. Izi zimapangitsa kuti matope akhale okhuthala komanso zomatira za matailosi kuti zigwirizane ndi matailosi olemera komanso osasunthika pang'ono.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-06-2023