Kodi matope osakanikirana angati?

1. Kusunga kwamadzi komanso zokumba

Mtundu waukulu wa zinthu zokulira madzi ndi ether. Cellulose ether ndi chophatikizira chochuluka kwambiri chomwe chimatha kusintha momwe matope amapangidwira ndi zochepa chabe. Imasinthidwa kuchokera ku cellulose yam'madzi kukhala firebeb kukhala fireber yotsatira njira zopenyerera. Imapangidwa ndi ether yoyera ndipo ili ndi gawo loyambirira la anicroglucose. Imakhala ndi malo osiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa magulu olowa m'malo mwake. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thicker kuti musinthe matope; Kusungidwa kwamadzi kumatha kusintha momwe madzi amafunira, ndipo pang'onopang'ono amatha kumasula madzi mkati mwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zingatsimikizire kuti kusalala ndi njira yoyamwa madzi ndi yolumikizidwa bwino. Nthawi yomweyo, ma cellulose ether amatha kusintha zovuta za matope, kuonjezera ntchito komanso kugwirira ntchito. Ma celluuse oterewa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala owonjezera pamatope osakanizika: ①na-carboxymethyl cellulose; ② sothyl cellulose; ③meththyl cellulose; ④hydroxy cellulose ether; ⑤hydroxypypyl methy cellulose; Esticar Etter, etc. Kuphatikiza kwa kuchuluka kwa cellulose yomwe yatchulidwayi imapangitsa matope osakanizika: ①caticrease matope owuma; ②Kukani zomatira; ③A matope siophweka kutuluka ndi kudzipatula; Kutsutsana kolimba; ⑥ Matope ndiosavuta kupanga zigawo zowonda. Kuphatikiza pa zomwe zili pamwambazi, cellose yosiyanasiyana imakhalanso ndi katundu wawo wapadera. Cai Wei wochokera ku Chopqang University adafotokozera mwachidule makina a methyl cellulose ether pa matope. Ankakhulupirira kuti atawonjezera MC (methyl cellulose ether) madzi osungirako matope ku matope, thovu lalikulu la mpweya limapangidwa. Imachita ngati kuvala matembe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matope osakanizika, ndipo thovu la mpweya limasungidwabe m'thupi la matope, ndikupanga pores odziyimira komanso kutsekereza pogalu. MCA Madzi Ammadzi Imathandiziranso kusungitsa matope osakanizika kwambiri Gawo loyamba la kuchiritsa, kuti simenti ingakhale bwino hydraut, kuti mphamvu zamphamvu zikuyendere bwino. Kuphatikizika kwa wothandizila wa MC Ichi ndi wothandizika wa madzi abwino omwe amatha kudzazidwa pamagetsi, kotero kuti ma pores olumikizidwa m'matopewo adzachepetsedwa, ndipo madzi opanduka adzachepetsedwa, potero kuchepetsa matontho a matope. Mtengo. Cellulose ether nthawi zambiri osakanikirana ndi matope olimbikitsa, makamaka mukamagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati matanda omatira. Ngati cellulose ether imasakanizidwa mu tile zomata, kuchuluka kwa madzi osungitsa ma tailous kumatha kusintha kwambiri. Cellulose ether amalepheretsa madzi otaya madzi kuchokera ku simenti kupita kumtunda kapena njerwa, kuti simenti ikhale ili ndi madzi okwanira kuti akhazikitse, nthawi yokonzanso mphamvu, ndikusintha mphamvu ya kugwirizanitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, cellulose ether imasinthanso pulasitiki ya mastic, imapangitsa kuti ntchito yolumikizana ikhale pakati pa thupi la mastic ndi njerwa paderali ndilosakhwima ndi Kuchulukitsa kwamtundu kuli wokwera. Maulosiwo amadzaza malo ofukula osazungulira. Cellulose ether amathanso kuchedwetsa khungu la simementi, kutalikitsa nthawi yotseguka, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa simenti.

2. CHIKEMBZO

Mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu matope amatha kugawidwa kukhala ulusi wachitsulo, ulusi wa atoric ndi ulusi wopangidwa malinga ndi chuma chawo. Powonjezera ulusi mu matope amatha kusintha ma anti-bata komanso anti-anti-anti-otsutsa. Matope opangidwamo nthawi zambiri amawonjezeredwa matope osakanikirana kuti apititse patsogolo ungwiro komanso kukana matope. Zithunzi zopangidwa mwamphamvu zolengedwa ndi: PP), polyamide (nylon) fiber, chomera), elyerylene Pakadali pano zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndi polima polima poyimitsa kokhazikika ndi ma promeyle conomer pazinthu zina. Ili ndi mankhwala oponderezedwa, kusachita bwino, kulemera kopepuka, kakang'ono kakang'ono chochepera, komanso mtengo wotsika. Ndi mawonekedwe ena, ndipo chifukwa cha polypropylene fiber imagwirizana ndi asidi ndi alkali, ndipo sachita zinthu ndi zinthu za simenti, zakhala zikuwonekera bwino kunyumba ndi kunja. Mphamvu yotsutsana ndi ulusi wophatikizika ndi matope amagawidwa magawo awiri: imodzi ndiye gawo la madontho; inayo ndi gawo louma matope. Mu gawo lapulasitiki ya matope, ulusi wogawana womwewo umapereka mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe atatu, omwe amathandizira pakugwirizana bwino, amalepheretsa kukhazikika kwa malo abwino ophatikizika, ndikuchepetsa tsankho. Kusankhana ndi chifukwa chachikulu chokhalira pamtunda wamatope, ndipo kuwonjezera kwa ulusi kumachepetsa kutengera matope ndikuchepetsa kuthekera kwa kutha kwa matope. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi mu pulasitiki, matope a matope adzatulutsa kupsinjika kwa matumbo, ndipo kuwonjezera kwa ulusi kumatha kubweretsa nkhawa iyi. Mu gawo lolimba la matope, chifukwa cha kuwuma, kufota, komanso kutentha, nkhawa zimapangidwanso mkati mwa matope. Kuwonjezera ma microcrack. Yuan Zhenya ndi enanso anamalizanso chifukwa cha kuyesa kwa mbale ya matondo omwe amawonjezera kutentha kwa polyprophene kumatha kuchepetsa kwambiri ming'alu yapulasitiki ndikuwongolera kukana kwa matope. Pamene kuchuluka kwa polypropyylene fiber mu matontho ndi 0,05% ndi 0.10%, ming'alu imatha kuchepetsedwa ndi 65% ndi 75%, motero. Hung Chengya ndi ena kusukulu ya zinthu, South China University of Techlogy, omwe amapangidwanso ndi magetsi okwanira polyprophene matope a simenti. Kuchuluka kwa chivundi chamenti kuli pafupifupi 0,9kg / m3, ngati ndalamazo zimatha kukhala zolimbitsa thupi, zomwe zimalimbikitsa komanso zosokoneza komanso zamiyala. Powonjezera ulusi kwa matope amatha kukonza chivundi cha matope. Pamene simentix matrix imatha, chifukwa cha gawo la zitsulo zabwino zomwe zimaseweredwa ndi ulusi, mphamvu zimadyedwa bwino. Ngakhale pali minyewa ya micro-micro pambuyo polumikizana, pansi pa kupanikizika mkati ndi kunja, kukula kwa ming'alu kumalepheretsedwa ndi ma netiweki a fiber. , Nkovuta kukhala ming'alu yayikulu, kotero ndikovuta kupanga njira yodutsa, potero kumawonjezera ungwiro kwa matope.

3. Wothandizira

Wothandizira kukulitsa ndi chinthu china chofunikira kwambiri ndi chosokoneza matope owuma. Othandizira ochulukirapo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi AEA, UEA, CEA ndi zina zotero. Aea Kukula Mtumiki ali ndi maubwino ambiri, mlingo waukulu, mphamvu yayikulu, youma, komanso yalkali yotsika. Chuma cha calcium choyipa cha callinal carker-alumina choyambirira mu AEA chikulukani ndi caso4 ndi ca (o) 2 mpaka hydrate kuti apange calcium sucfomure (ettingrite) ndikukula. Uea amapanganso ettingite kuti mupange kufalikira, pomwe cea makamaka amapanga calcium hydroxide. AEA Kukula ndi othandizira kutukuka, omwe ndi ophatikizika omwe amapangidwa ndi co-akupera gawo lina la chipatala cha alumina, chilengedwe cha alunute ndi gypsum. Kuchulukitsa komwe kumapangika Kupanga calcium sucfomomu ydrate (ettingite) ndikukulitsa, kuchuluka kwa kukulitsa ndi kwakukulu. Okhazikika opangidwa ndi aluminite aluminiyamu hydroxide gel amapanga gawo lokulitsa ndi gawo la gel khumi ndilongofanana, zomwe zimangotsimikizira kuti mphamvuzo komanso zimapangitsa nyonga. Pakatikati ndi mochedwa, attingerite amapanganso ettingete pansi pa chikondwerero cha gypsum enger kuti apange ma microstructuctuctuctuctuctuctuctuctuctuctuctuctuctuctuctuctuctufuti mawonekedwe a simenti. AEA atawonjezeredwa matope, kuchuluka kwakukulu komwe kumapangidwa kumayiko oyambilira komanso apakati kudzakulitsa kuchuluka kwa matope, kupanga mawonekedwe apakati pa matope, kuchepetsa macropores, kuchepetsa zonse Kuyendetsa bwino ungwiro. Pamene matope ali pamalo owuma pambuyo pake, kufulumira kumayambiriro kwapakatikati komanso pakati pa shrinkage pambuyo pake, kotero kuti kukana kutsutsana ndi kukana kosakanikirako kumatha. Kukulitsa kwa UEA kumapangidwa kuchokera ku mankhwala ochulukirapo monga sulfina, alumina, potaziyamu sulbodum ndi calcium sulfate. Pameneua akasakanikirana mu simenti mu kuchuluka koyenera, kumatha kukwaniritsa ntchito zolipirira shrinkage, zosokoneza komanso zotsutsa. Pambuyo pa Uea imawonjezeredwa simenti wamba ndikusakanikirana, idzana ndi calcium silete ndi hydrate kuti apange ca (o) 2, omwe angapange sululuminic acid. Calcium (C2ahkunto4h · 42h2o) ndi ETTRITEE, yomwe imapangitsa matope a simenti modekha, ndipo matope a simenti ndiwofanana ndi uea, ndikulimbana ndi kusokonekera kwakukulu ndi kusokonekera. Matope a Lin Affina adasakanizidwa ndi uea kupita ku khoma lakunja, ndikupeza mphamvu zotsutsa. Cea Kukula kwa Steansion Clillker kumapangidwa ndi miyala yamiyala, dongo (kapena dongo lalitali la alumina), ndi chitsulo champhamvu, chomwe chimawerengedwa pa 1350-1400 ° Kukula kwa Cea Kukula. Othandizira kukulitsa cea ali ndi magwero awiri owonjezera: Cao hydration kuti apange ca (oh) 2; C3A ndikuyambitsa Al2O3 kuti apange ettingite mu sing'anga wa gypsum ndi ca (o) 2.

4. Pulogalamu

Phukusi lakuthwa ndi malo osokoneza bongo ophatikizika ophatikizika ndi ma polic orworrs ndi mankhwala ovomerezeka antictives, ndipo ndi zinthu zogwira ntchito. Imatha kuchepetsa kwambiri njira yothetsera vutoli, ndipo imatulutsa thumba lalikulu lotsekedwa ndi laling'ono (nthawi zambiri 0,25-2.5mm pakati pa matope ndi madzi. Mtunda pakati pa microbubububles ndi yaying'ono ndipo kukhazikikako ndikwabwino, komwe kumatha kukonza kwambiri matope. ; Zitha kufalitsa ma cementicle tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kulimbikitsana kwa simenti hydration, kusintha mphamvu ya matope, kuthekera kwaulere, ndikuchepetsa gawo la madontho; Imakhala ndi mafayilo abwino, zomata zamphamvu za matope zimasakanikirana ndi izi, ndipo zitha kukhala bwino zovuta zomanga zomwe zimachitika monga chipolopolo monga chipolopolo (chowombera), chong'ambika, ndi kutsika kwamadzi kukhoma; Kungakulitse bwino malo omanga, muchepetse mphamvu zambiri, ndipo limbikitsani zomanga zatukuka; Ndi phindu lofunikira kwambiri lazachuma komanso chitukuko chomwe chingakuyendere bwino ntchito ndikuchepetsa zinthu zochezeka komanso zopulumutsa ndi mphamvu zokhala ndi ndalama zomanga. Limsusulfonate ndi pulasitiki yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popezeka matope a ufa wa ufa, womwe ndi zinyalala za pepala, ndipo mlingo wake ndi 0,2% mpaka 0.3%. Mapulasitiki nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'matalemba omwe amafuna kuti katundu wodziletsa, monga mabwato odzikongoletsa okha, matope oyandikana nawo. Kuonjezera mafayilo mu matope am'madzi kungakuthandizeni kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa matope, kusintha madzi osakanikirana ndi matope osakanizika monga phulusa lophulika, ndi mphamvu zochepa, kotero kuti muwonetsetse Mtundu wa zomangamanga. Imatha kusunga 50% laimu patavala matope opaka, ndipo matope siophweka kutuluka magazi kapena kudzipatula; Matope ali ndi chotsatsa kwa gawo lapansi; Kusanjikiza kwakumanzere sikunakhalepo pachinthu chopanda mchere, ndipo chimalimbana ndi chisanu, kukana nyengo komanso kukana nyengo.

5. Hydrophobic yowonjezera

Hydrophobic zowonjezera kapena madzi osinthika amateteza madzi kuti asalowe matope pomwenso kusunga matope kuti atsegule kusokoneza madzi nthunzi. Hydrophobic zowonjezera zamatope owuma ziyenera kukhala ndi izi: it iyenera kukhala mawonekedwe a ufa; - ③yani matope ngati hydrophobic yonse ndikukhalabe ndi zotsatira zazitali; ④Kondwe mpaka pansi mphamvu zilibe vuto; ⑤ Wochezeka pachilengedwe. Othandizira hydrophobic omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mafuta a asidi a asidi, monga calcium osanza; silane. Komabe, calcium stearate ndiowonjezera matope osakanikirana, makamaka kwa zida zopangira zomanga zamakina, chifukwa ndizovuta kusakaniza mwachangu komanso mosafanana ndi matope a simenti. Zowonjezera za Hydrophobic nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'matayala oyala povala matenthedwe am'mimba, matope opota, ndi mafando opangira makhoma akunja.

6. Zowonjezera zina

Coagant imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha mapangidwe ndi kuuma kwa matope. Calcium amapanga ndi carbonate ya litatu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kutayika kwa calcium ndi 1% calcium kupanga ndi 0,2% carbonate. Monga ma sterramion, ogulitsa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kusintha matope ndi kuuma kwa matope. Tartaric acid, citric acid ndi mchere wawo, ndi gluconate agwiritsidwa ntchito bwino. Mlingo wofanana ndi 0.05% ~ 0.2%. Deformed demoamer imachepetsa mpweya wabwino wamatope. Defolad Decomer amatengera magulu osiyanasiyana monga ma hydrocarbons, polyethylene glycols kapena ma polysiloxanes adsorbed ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Ma ether ether amatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa matope, ndipo motere amakulitsa kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi phindu la zipatso, ndikuchepetsa matope osakanikirana mwatsopano. Izi zimathandiza kuti matope apangidwe kuti apangidwe ndi matayala omatira kuti atsatire ma tailes olemera osasaka.