Ingabe ama-ether esitashi ayahambisana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zikasimende?

A. Isingeniso

1.1 Isendlalelo

Usimende uyingxenye eyisisekelo yezinto zokwakha, ehlinzeka ngezakhiwo zokubopha ezidingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe ukhonkolo nodaka. Ama-ethers esitashi atholakala emithonjeni yesitashi semvelo athola ukunakwa njengezithasiselo eziguqula izakhiwo zezinto ezisekelwe kusimende. Ukuqonda ukuhambisana kwe-starch ethers nezinhlobo ezahlukene zikasimende kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwawo nokuqinisekisa ukuqina kwezakhiwo zokwakha.

1.2 Izinjongo

Inhloso yalokhu kubuyekeza ukuthi:

Hlola izinhlobo nezakhiwo zama-starch ethers asetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yezokwakha.

Phenya izindlela zokusebenzisana phakathi kwama-starch ethers nezinhlobo ezahlukene zikasimende.

Hlola umphumela wama-ethers esitashi ezimpahleni zezinto ezisekelwe kusimende.

Kuxoxwa ngezinselele nezisombululo ezingaba khona ezihlobene nokuhambisana kwama-starch ether anezinhlobo ezahlukene zikasimende.

B. Izinhlobo Zesitashi Ethers

I-starch ethers iqukethe izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanganisela ezitholakala kusitashi, i-polysaccharide eningi ngokwemvelo. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zama-starch ethers zifaka:

2.1 I-Hydroxyethyl starch ether (HEC)

I-HEC isetshenziswa kabanzi ukugcina amanzi kanye nezakhiwo ezijiyayo, okuyenza ifanelekele ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezingxube zikasimende.

2.2 I-Hydroxypropyl starch ether (HPC)

I-HPC ithuthukise ukumelana namanzi, okwenza ngcono ukuqina nokunamathela kwezinto ezisekelwe kusimende.

2.3 I-Carboxymethyl starch ether (CMS)

I-CMS idlulisela izici ezithuthukisiwe ze-rheological engxubeni kasimende, ethinta ukugeleza kwayo nezici zokubeka.

C. Izinhlobo zikasimende

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zikasimende, ngayinye enezakhiwo ezithile ezifanele ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zifaka:

3.1 Usimende Ojwayelekile wasePortland (OPC)

I-OPC iwuhlobo lukasimende olusetshenziswa kakhulu futhi yaziwa ngokuguquguquka kwayo ezinhlelweni zokwakha.

3.2 I-Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC)

I-PPC iqukethe izinto ze-pozzolanic ezandisa ukuqina kokhonkolo futhi zinciphise umthelela wendawo.

3.3 I-Sulfate Resistant Cement (SRC)

I-SRC yakhelwe ukumelana nezindawo ezinothile nge-sulfate, ngaleyo ndlela yandise ukumelana nokuhlaselwa kwamakhemikhali.

D. Indlela yokusebenzisana

Ukuhambisana phakathi kwe-starch ethers nezinhlobo ezahlukene zikasimende kulawulwa izindlela eziningi, okuhlanganisa:

4.1 I-Adsorption ebusweni bezinhlayiya zikasimende

Isitashi ether sikhanga ezinhlayiyeni zikasimende, ezithinta ukushajwa kwazo okungaphezulu futhi zishintsha izici ze-rheological zodaka lukasimende.

4.2 Umthelela ku-hydration

Ama-ethers esitashi angathinta inqubo yokufakwa kwamanzi ngokuphazamisa ukutholakala kwamanzi, okuholela ekushintsheni kwesikhathi sokusetha nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla ezinto zikasimende.

E. Umphumela ezintweni ezisekelwe kusimende

Ukufaka ama-ether esitashi ezintweni ezisekelwe kusimende kungaveza imiphumela eminingana ebalulekile:

5.1 Thuthukisa ukusebenza kahle

Ama-ether esitashi athuthukisa ukusebenza kwezingxube zikasimende ngokwandisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi nokunciphisa ukuhlukaniswa.

5.2 Ukuqina okuthuthukisiwe

Amanye ama-ether esitashi athuthukisa ukuqina ngokwandisa ukumelana nokuqhekeka, ukuhuzuka nokuhlaselwa kwamakhemikhali.

5.3 Ukuguqulwa kwe-Rheological

Izakhiwo ze-rheological ze-cement slurries zingalungiswa ngokusetshenziswa okuhlakaniphile kwe-starch ethers, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte i-viscosity kanye nezakhiwo zokugeleza.

F. Izinselele Nezixazululo

Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo eziningi zokusebenzisa ama-ether esitashi, izinselele zisekhona ekuzuzeni ukuhambisana okuphelele nezinhlobo ezahlukene zikasimende. Lezi zinselelo zihlanganisa:

6.1 Isikhathi sokusetha sibambezelekile

Amanye ama-ether esitashi angase andise isikhathi sikasimende ngokungaqondile, edinga ukulungiswa ngokucophelela ukuze kugcinwe inqubekelaphambili yokwakha.

6.2 Umthelela emandleni acindezelayo

Ukulinganisa ukuguqulwa kwe-rheological okudingekayo nomthelela ongaba khona emandleni acindezelayo kuyinselele edinga ukuhlolwa okuphelele kanye nokwenza kahle.

6.3 Ukucatshangelwa kwezindleko

Ukuphumelela kwezindleko ze-incor perforation yama-starch ethers kufanele kuhlolwe ngokucophelela, kucatshangelwe izinzuzo eziphelele kanye nokubi okungase kube khona.

G. Isiphetho

Kafushane, ama-ether esitashi adlala indima ebalulekile ekuguquleni izakhiwo zezinto ezisekelwe kusimende. Ukuhambisana kwe-starch ethers enezinhlobo ezahlukene zikasimende kuyisici esinezici eziningi ezibandakanya ukuqonda ukusebenzisana ezingeni lamangqamuzana, umphumela wawo ku-hydration kanye nomphumela womphumela ekusebenzeni kwezinto zokwakha. Naphezu kwezinselele, ukwakheka nokuhlola ngokucophelela kungasiza ekuboneni amandla aphelele e-starch ether, okusiza ukuthuthukisa izinto ezihlala isikhathi eside nezisebenzayo ezisekelwe kusimende embonini yezokwakha. Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo kufanele lugxile ekuxazululeni izinselele ezithile kanye nokwandisa ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwe-starch ethers ezinhlelweni zikasimende.