Kumzi-mveliso wokuqhuba, udaka olwahlukileyo (okanye ukuntywila) zizinto eziphambili ukuqinisekisa inkqubela phambili egudileyo yenkqubo yokuqhuba. Ngakumbi kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo zejografi, ukhetho kunye nokulungiswa kwe-orlling gesi zinefuthe elibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kakuhle, ukhuseleko kunye nolawulo lweendleko zokuntywila. Impembelelo ngqo.I-HYDROXYTYL ILANDILONE (Hec)Ngaba i-selsulose yendalo ebonakalayo edlala indima ebalulekileyo njengesongezo ekuthambekeni kodaka. Inesithukuthezi esihle, i-RHOOLOGY, iipropathi zokungcoliseka komhlaba kunye nendawo ephezulu yokuhlala, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekuthandeni iinkqubo ze-fluid.
1. Iimpawu kunye nesakhiwo sekhemikhali sehec
I-hec yindawo enyibilikayo yamanzi, engenatyhefu kunye ne-polymer engenabungozi. I-cutyulied eguqulwe ngemichiza yazisa amaqela e-hydroxyteythy kwisakhiwo sayo semolekyuli, ngaloo ndlela senza isiphumo esiqinileyo kunye nokuluka kwamanzi. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-hec ekuthambekeni i-flullings ikakhulu kuxhomekeke kumaqela e-hydrophilic (i-hydroxyl kunye neqela le-hydroxyyl) kwikhonkco layo lemolekyuli. La maqela anokwenza inethiwekhi entle ye-hydrogen yesisombululo esinamanzi, enika isicombululo sombuso-ukwandisa iipropathi. .
2. Indima ephambili ye-hec ekuthambekeni kodaka
Isiphumo se-Agegening Photement
Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ze-hec ekuthambekeni zinjenge-tickener. Iimpawu eziphakamileyo ze-HEC zinokunyusa kakhulu i-viscofity yolwelo, iqinisekisa ukuba amanzi angenayo anelungelo lokufumana izityholo kunye neendlela zokuqhuba i-teritor ukusuka kumphezulu wequla. Ukonyusa i-viscosity ye-fluid ikwanokunciphisa ukuxabana kodonga lwangaphakathi lwetyhubhu yokuntywila, ngaloo ndlela kuphucule ukusebenza kakuhle. Ukongeza, iipropathi zikaHec ezinkulu kunye ne-viscofity ezizinzileyo zikwenza ukuba zikwazi ukufezekisa iziphumo ezibonakalayo kwiindawo ezinobuchule, ukunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo iindleko zokuqhuba.
Indima yeArhente yokuLawula ilahleko
Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqhuba, ukulawula ilahleko yolwelo lwe-fluid fluid yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Ulawulo lwelahleko lwe-Fluid lubalulekile ekugcineni uzinzo lodonga lodonga ukuthintela ukungena kwamanzi okugqithisileyo ukuya kwi-fooney, kubangela ukunyuka komzimba. Ngenxa yeepropathi zayo ezilungileyo zokuguqula i-hydration, i-HEC inokwenza ungqingqwa wekhekhe lokucoca eludongeni lwamanzi, ukunciphisa inqanaba lokutsala kwamanzi kwi-fluid fluid ibe yi-Deid. Esi siphuli sekhekhe asikokuphela kwamandla amahle kunye namandla, kodwa sinokuziqhelanisa neengcambu zejografini, ngaloo ndlela zigcina uzinzo lodonga olunzulu kwiindawo ezinzulu kunye neqondo lobushushu obuphezulu.
Iiarhente zeRheeological kunye noLawulo lokuhamba
I-HEC ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni i-slidity ekuthambekeni kodaka. I-RUOOOLOGG YOKUGQIBELA I-SLAID ibhekisa kwisiphoso sayo okanye ubuchule bokuhamba phantsi kwesenzo soxinzelelo lwe-Shear. Ingcono ingqele, kokukhona ilungelo lokuqhutywa ngamanzi lidlulisela uxinzelelo kunye nokuthathwa kwezisiko ngexesha lokuqhuba. UHec unokuhlengahlengisa iipropathi ze-riheocioc zokutshintsha ulwelo ngokutshintsha u-villfinity kunye nolwelo, ngaloo ndlela ukuphuculwa kombhobho we-Shear, uvumela udaka kumbhobho we-dable. Ingakumbi kwinkqubo yokuqhuba yequla elinzulu kunye nequla elithe tye, impembelelo yohlengahlengiso lwe-hec ye-HEC ibaluleke ngokukhethekileyo.
Ukucoca kakuhle
Iziphumo ezihlekisayo ze-hec azinegalelo kuphela kubungakanani bokuqhuba udaka ukuphatha kunye nokunqumamisa ukuntywila, kodwa kuyanceda ukuphucula ukucoceka kwequla. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqhuba, isixa esikhulu se-cutlings siya kuveliswa kwiqula. Ukuba ezi zinto zisikiweyo azinakwenzanga kakuhle ngudaka, zinokuqokelela emazantsi equla kwaye zenze i-seduments esezantsi, ngaloo ndlela zikhulisa ukumelana nenkqubela phambili. Ngenxa yeepropathi zayo ezifanelekileyo, i-HEC inokunceda ukunqunyulwa kodaka kunye nokuhambisa ukutya okunempumelelo ngakumbi, ngaloo ndlela ukunqunyulwa kwe-gells ngokufanelekileyo, ngaloo ndlela kuyaqhubeka nokwenza ucoceko lwe-qumebore kunye nokuthintela ukuqokelelwa kweeSedontnts.
Isiphumo sokungavumi
Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqhuba, udaka luhlala lungcoliseka ziiminerali ezahlukeneyo kunye neeminelikisisa, zibangela ukusilela kodaka. Iipropathi zikaHec-ukungcoliseka kongcoliseko zenye ilungelo elininzi. UHec uzinzile phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo ze-ps kwaye unesakhono esinamandla esichasene ne-ions efana ne-calcium kunye ne-magnesium, evumela ukuba kuncitshiswe ingozi yokungaphumeleli kwimo engcolisekileyo.
Kuyincomo kunye ne-biodegraded
UkusukelaHecyinto yendalo yendalo, inomxholo ofanelekileyo we-biodegradiance kunye nobuhlobo bokusingqongileyo. Kwimeko yokukhulisa ngokuthe ngcembe iimfuno zoKhuseleko lweNkcubeko, iimpawu ze-biodegradical ze-HEC zenza ukuba zibe licandelo elibalulekileyo lokuqhuba ngobuhlobo. I-hec ayiyi kubangela ukungcoliseka okubalulekileyo kwindalo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, kwaye ayiyi kuba neziphumo ezibi emhlabeni nakumhlaba wamanzi emva kokuthambisa. Ke ngoko, yinto ekumgangatho ophezulu wokusingqongileyo.
3. Imiceli mngeni kunye nophuhliso lwexesha elizayo kwizicelo ze-hec
Nangona i-HEC inezibonelelo ezahlukeneyo ekuthandeni ngodaka ngodaka, ukusebenza kwayo phantsi kweemeko ezihamba ngokugqithileyo ezinje ngamaqondo obushushu kunye noxinzelelo kufuneka kuphuculwe ngakumbi. Umzekelo, i-hec inokwenza ukonakala kwe-thermermal kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu, lenza udaka ukulahlekelwa yi-viscosity kunye neziphumo zokuthambisa. Ke ngoko, ukuze kusebenze kwiindawo ezinzima kakhulu kunye nezigqithileyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje sele kuqalile ukugxila ekuguquleni i-HEC ukuphucula uzinzo lwayo oluphezulu kunye nokuhlonipha koxinzelelo oluphezulu. Umzekelo, ngokwazisa iiarhente ezinqamlezileyo, amaqela obushushu aphezulu kunye nezinye iindlela zolungiso lwekhemikhali kwi-hec molecular, ukusebenza kwe-HEC phantsi kweemeko ezinzima zinokuphuculwa kwaye zilungiswe kwiimfuno zokugcina iindawo ezifuna izinto ezifunwayo.
Njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuntywila ngodaka, i-HEC idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqhliseni ubunjineli bayo, i-anti-filtication, uhlengahlengiso lwendalo, ukungcoliseka kwendalo. Kwixesha elizayo, njengokumba ubunzulu obunzulu kunye nokuntsonkotha ukunyuka, iimfuno zomsebenzi ze-IC ziya kunyuka. Ngokwenza i-interfting kunye nokuguqula i-HEC, indawo yayo yokusetyenziswa kwe-felling fluid iya kwandiswa ngakumbi ukuze ikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongileyo ezininzi. .
IXESHA LOKUQALA: UNv-14 ukuya ku-2004