I-Cellulose ether (i-CelluloseEther) yenziwe kwi-cellulose ngokusebenzisa i-etherification reaction ye-etherification ye-etherification enye okanye ezininzi kunye nokugaya okomileyo. Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali ze-ether substituents, i-cellulose ethers inokwahlulwa ibe yi-anionic, cationic kunye ne-nonionic ethers. Ionic cellulose ethers ikakhulu ibandakanya i-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC); i-non-ionic cellulose ethers ikakhulu ibandakanya i-methyl cellulose ether (MC), i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) kunye ne-hydroxyethyl cellulose Ether (HC), njl njl. I-ethers ezinyibilikayo ze-ionic zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimveliso zodaka. Xa kukho i-calcium ions, i-ionic cellulose ether ayizinzile, ngoko ke ayifane isetyenziswe kwiimveliso zodaka ezixubeneyo ezisebenzisa i-samente, i-lime ye-slaked, njl. njengezinto zokumisa. I-ethers ye-cellulose e-soluble e-nonionic yamanzi isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwishishini lezinto zokwakha ngenxa yokuzinza kwazo kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi.
01. Iimpawu zekhemikhali ze-cellulose ether
I-ether ye-cellulose nganye inesakhiwo esisisiseko se-cellulose - isakhiwo se-anhydroglucose. Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-cellulose ether, i-fiber cellulose iqala ukufudumeza kwisisombululo se-alkali, kwaye iphathwa nge-etherifying agent. Imveliso ye-fibrous reaction ihlanjululwa kwaye icolile ukwenza umgubo ofanayo kunye nokucolwa okuthile.
Ipropylene oxide isetyenziselwa ukufumana i-hydroxypropyl substituents ukongeza kwi-methane chloride kwimveliso ye-HPMC. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-cellulose ethers zinee-methyl kunye ne-hydroxypropyl substitution ratios ezahlukeneyo, ezichaphazela ukuhambelana kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nobushushu be-thermal gelation yezisombululo ze-cellulose ether.
Kwinkqubo yokuveliswa kwe-MC, kuphela i-methyl chloride isetyenziswa njenge-etherification agent
02. Iimeko zokusetyenziswa kwe-cellulose ether:
I-Cellulose ether yi-non-ionic semi-synthetic high molecular polymer, e-soluble emanzini kunye ne-solvent-soluble. Ineempembelelo ezahlukeneyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, kwizinto zokwakha iikhemikhali, zineempembelelo ezidibeneyo zilandelayo:
① umenzeli ogcina amanzi ②Thickener ③Ipropathi yokulinganisa ④ipropathi yokwenza ifilim ⑤Binder
Kwishishini le-polyvinyl chloride, i-emulsifier kunye ne-dispersant; kwishishini lamachiza, liyi-binder kunye nesikhokelo sokukhululwa esicothayo nesilawulwayo, njl. Ngenxa yokuba i-cellulose ineempembelelo ezahlukeneyo ezidibeneyo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo Intsimi nayo ininzi kakhulu. Oku kulandelayo kugxininise ekusebenziseni kunye nomsebenzi we-cellulose ether kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zokwakha.
(1) Kudonga lokukrala iputty:
Okwangoku, kwizixeko ezininzi kwilizwe lam, i-putty enganyangekiyo yamanzi kunye ne-scrub-resistant-friendly-friendly putty ixatyiswe kakhulu ngabantu. Iveliswa yi-acetal reaction ye-vinyl alcohol kunye ne-formaldehyde. Ngoko ke, esi sixhobo sipheliswa ngokuthe ngcembe ngabantu, kwaye iimveliso ze-cellulose ether series zisetyenziselwa ukubuyisela le nto. Oko kukuthi, ukuphuhliswa kwezinto zokwakha ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo, i-cellulose okwangoku iyona nto kuphela.
Kwi-putty enganyangekiyo emanzini, ihlulwe ibe ziindidi ezimbini: iputty eyomileyo kunye ne-putty paste. Phakathi kwezi ntlobo zimbini ze-putty, i-methyl cellulose ehlaziyiweyo kunye ne-hydroxypropyl methyl kufuneka ikhethwe. Ukucaciswa kwe-viscosity ngokubanzi phakathi kwe-30000-60000cps. Imisebenzi ephambili ye-cellulose kwi-putty kukugcina amanzi, ukudibanisa kunye nokuthambisa. Kuba iifomyula ze-putty zabavelisi abahlukeneyo zahlukile, ezinye ziyi-calcium egrey, i-calcium ekhanyayo, i-samente emhlophe, njl., kwaye ezinye ziyi-gypsum powder, i-calcium egrey, i-calcium ekhanyayo, njl. iifomula ezimbini nazo zahlukile. Imali eyongeziweyo imalunga ne-2 ‰-3 ‰. Kulwakhiwo lwe-putty eludongeni, ekubeni umgangatho wesiseko sodonga unomlinganiselo othile wokufunxa amanzi (izinga lokufunxa amanzi eludongeni lwezitena li-13%, kunye nesantya sokufunxa amanzi kwikhonkrithi yi-3-5%), idityaniswe ne-evaporation yelizwe langaphandle, ukuba i-putty ilahlekelwa ngamanzi ngokukhawuleza , Kuya kukhokelela ekuqhekekeni okanye ekususweni komgubo, okuya kwenza buthathaka amandla e-putty. Ngoko ke, ukongeza i-cellulose ether kuya kusombulula le ngxaki. Kodwa umgangatho we-filler, ngakumbi umgangatho we-ash calcium nayo ibaluleke kakhulu.
Ngenxa ye-viscosity ephezulu ye-cellulose, i-buoyancy ye-putty nayo iphuculwe, kwaye into ephazamisayo ngexesha lokwakha nayo iyathintelwa, kwaye ikhululekile kwaye igcina umsebenzi emva kokukhuhla. Kuyimfuneko ukongeza i-ether ye-cellulose ngaphezulu kwi-powder putty. Imveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kulula ngakumbi. I-filler kunye nezongezo zinokuxutywa ngokulinganayo kwipowder eyomileyo.
(2) Udaka lwekhonkrithi:
Kwi-concrete mortar, ukufezekisa amandla okugqibela, i-samente kufuneka ifakwe ngokupheleleyo. Ngokukodwa ekwakhiweni kwehlobo, udaka lwekhonkrithi lulahlekelwa ngamanzi ngokukhawuleza, kwaye imilinganiselo ye-hydration epheleleyo isetyenziselwa ukugcina nokufefa amanzi. Inkunkuma yemithombo kunye nokusebenza okungahambi kakuhle, isitshixo kukuba amanzi aphezu komhlaba kuphela, kwaye i-hydration yangaphakathi ayiphelelanga, ngoko isisombululo kule ngxaki kukongeza i-agent egcina amanzi kwi-cellulose kwikhonkrithi yodaka, ngokuqhelekileyo khetha i-hydroxypropyl methyl. okanye i-methyl fiber Ukucaciswa kwe-viscosity kuphakathi kwe-20000-60000cps, kwaye imali eyongezelelweyo yi-2% -3%. Izinga logcino lwamanzi linokunyuswa libe ngaphezu kwama-85%. Indlela yokusetyenziswa kwikhonkrithi yodaka kukuxuba umgubo owomileyo ngokulinganayo kwaye uwubeke emanzini.
(3) Ekutyatyekeni kwegypsum, igypsum edityanisiweyo, kunye negypsum yokucanda:
Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini lokwakha, imfuno yabantu yezinto ezintsha zokwakha nayo iyanda. Ngenxa yokwanda kokuqonda kwabantu ngokukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kobuchule bokwakha, iimveliso ze-gypsum ze-cementitious ziye zaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza. Okwangoku, ezona mveliso zixhaphakileyo zegypsum kukutyabeka igypsum, igypsum edityanisiweyo, igypsum eyakhiweyo, kunye neadhesive tile. I-gypsum ye-plastering yinto ephezulu yokutyabeka kwiindonga zangaphakathi kunye neesilingi. Udonga olutyatyekwe ngayo lulungile kwaye lugudileyo. Uhlobo olutsha lwebhodi yokunamathiswa kwebhodi yokukhanya yinto enamathele eyenziwe nge-gypsum njengesiseko sesiseko kunye nokongeza izongezo ezahlukeneyo. Ilungele ukudityaniswa phakathi kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zodonga lwezakhiwo ezingaphiliyo. Ayinatyhefu, ayinancasa, kwaye iyilungiselelo elikhawulezayo. Yizinto ezixhasayo kwiibhodi zokwakha kunye nokwakhiwa kweebhloko; i-agent ye-gypsum caulking yi-gap filler phakathi kweebhodi ze-gypsum kunye ne-filler yokulungisa iindonga kunye nokuqhekeka.
Ezi mveliso zegypsum zinemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Ukongeza kwindima ye-gypsum kunye neefayili ezihambelanayo, umba ophambili kukuba izongezo ze-cellulose ether ezongeziweyo zidlala indima ephambili. Ekubeni i-gypsum ihlulwe ibe yi-gypsum ye-anhydrous kunye ne-hemihydrate gypsum, i-gypsum eyahlukileyo ineempembelelo ezahlukeneyo ekusebenzeni kwemveliso, ngoko ke ukuqina, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokunciphisa umgangatho wezinto zokwakha ze-gypsum. Ingxaki eqhelekileyo yezi zixhobo i-hollowing kunye nokuqhekeka, kwaye amandla okuqala awanakufikelelwa. Ukusombulula le ngxaki, kukukhetha uhlobo lwe-cellulose kunye nendlela yokusetyenziswa kwekhompawundi ye-retarder. Kulo mba, i-methyl okanye i-hydroxypropyl methyl 30000 ikhethwa ngokubanzi. -60000cps, imali eyongeziweyo yi-1.5% -2%. Phakathi kwabo, i-cellulose igxile ekugcinweni kwamanzi kunye nokunciphisa i-lubrication. Nangona kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuthembela kwi-cellulose ether njenge-retarder, kwaye kuyimfuneko yokongeza i-citric acid retarder ukuxuba nokusebenzisa ngaphandle kokuchaphazela amandla okuqala.
Ugcino lwamanzi lubhekisa kubungakanani bamanzi aya kulahleka ngokwendalo ngaphandle kokufunxwa kwamanzi ngaphandle. Ukuba udonga lome kakhulu, ukufunxwa kwamanzi kunye nokunyuka kwemvelo kwisiseko somhlaba kuya kwenza ukuba izinto zilahlekelwe ngamanzi ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokuqhekeka kunye nokuqhekeka kuya kwenzeka. Le ndlela yokusetyenziswa ixutywe nomgubo owomileyo. Ukuba ulungiselela isisombululo, nceda ubhekisele kwindlela yokulungiselela isisombululo.
(4) Udaka lwe-thermal insulation
Udaka lwe-insulation luhlobo olutsha lwezixhobo zokugquma eludongeni lwangaphakathi kummandla osemantla. Yinto eludongeni eyenziwe ngezinto zokugquma, udaka kunye ne-binder. Kule nto, i-cellulose idlala indima ephambili ekudibaniseni nasekunyuseni amandla. Ngokuqhelekileyo khetha i-methyl cellulose ene-viscosity ephezulu (malunga ne-10000cps), i-dosage iphakathi kwe-2 ‰-3 ‰), kwaye indlela yokusetyenziswa i-powder eyomileyo yokuxuba.
(5) i-arhente yojongano
Khetha i-HPNC 20000cps ye-agent ye-interface, khetha i-60000cps okanye ngaphezulu kwi-adhesive tile, kwaye ugxininise kwi-thickener kwi-agent ye-interface, enokuphucula amandla okuqina kunye namandla okuchasa utolo. Isetyenziswa njenge-arhente yokugcina amanzi ekudibaneni kweethayile ukunqanda iithayile ekuphelelweni kwamanzi ngokukhawuleza kwaye ziwe.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-20-2023