I-Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) kunye ne-methyl cellulose (MC) zimbini ze-cellulose derivatives ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumashishini amaninzi. Nangona zombini ziphuma kwi-cellulose yendalo, ngenxa yeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuguqulwa kweekhemikhali, i-CMC kunye ne-MC inomahluko omkhulu kwisakhiwo sekhemikhali, iipropati zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali, kunye neendawo zokusetyenziswa.
1. Umthombo kunye nesishwankathelo esisisiseko
I-Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) ilungiswa ngokusabela kwi-cellulose yendalo kunye ne-chloroacetic acid emva konyango lwe-alkali. Yinto ephuma kwi-cellulose enyibilikayo emanzini anionic. I-CMC idla ngokubakho ngokohlobo lwetyuwa yesodium, ngoko ikwabizwa ngokuba yiSodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose (Na-CMC). Ngenxa yokunyibilika kwayo okulungileyo kunye nomsebenzi wohlengahlengiso lwe-viscosity, i-CMC isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumashishini okutya, amayeza, ekugrunjweni kwe-oyile, kumashishini amalaphu namaphepha.
I-Methylcellulose (MC) ilungiswe nge-methylating cellulose kunye ne-methyl chloride (okanye ezinye ii-reagents ze-methylating). Yinto ephuma kwi-cellulose engeyiyo ionic. I-MC ineempawu ze-thermal gel, isisombululo siqina xa sishushu kwaye sinyibilika xa sipholile. Ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezizodwa, i-MC isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizinto zokwakha, amalungiselelo amayeza, iingubo, ukutya kunye namanye amashishini.
2. Ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali
Isakhiwo esisisiseko se-CMC kukuqaliswa kweqela le-carboxymethyl (-CH2COOH) kwiyunithi ye-glucose ye-β-1,4-glucosidic bond ye-cellulose. Eli qela le-carboxyl lenza i-anionic. Isakhiwo se-molecular ye-CMC sinenani elikhulu lamaqela e-sodium carboxylate. La maqela adityaniswa ngokulula emanzini, okwenza iimolekyuli zeCMC zihlawuliswe kakubi, ngaloo ndlela zinika ukunyibilika kakuhle kwamanzi kunye neempawu ezityebileyo.
Isakhiwo se-molecular ye-MC kukuqaliswa kwamaqela e-methoxy (-OCH3) kwiimolekyuli ze-cellulose, kwaye la maqela e-methoxy athatha indawo yamaqela e-hydroxyl kwii-molecule ze-cellulose. Akukho maqela e-ionized kwisakhiwo se-MC, ngoko ke ayiyo-ionic, ithetha ukuba ayidibanisi okanye ihlawuliswe kwisisombululo. Iimpawu zayo ezikhethekileyo ze-thermal gel zibangelwa ubukho bala maqela e-methoxy.
3. Ukunyibilika kunye neempawu zomzimba
I-CMC inokunyibilika okulungileyo emanzini kwaye inokunyibilika ngokukhawuleza emanzini abandayo ukwenza ulwelo lwe-viscous olucacileyo. Ekubeni i-anionic polymer, ukunyibilika kwe-CMC kuchatshazelwa ngamandla e-ionic kunye nexabiso le-pH yamanzi. Kwiindawo ezinetyuwa eninzi okanye iimeko ze-asidi ezinamandla, ukunyibilika kunye nokuzinza kwe-CMC kuya kuncipha. Ukongeza, i-viscosity ye-CMC izinzile kumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo.
Ukunyibilika kweMC emanzini kuxhomekeke kubushushu. Inokunyibilika emanzini abandayo kodwa iya kwenza ijeli xa ishushu. Le propati ye-thermal gel yenza i-MC idlale imisebenzi ekhethekileyo kwishishini lokutya kunye nezixhobo zokwakha. I-viscosity ye-MC iyancipha njengoko iqondo lokushisa lisanda, kwaye linokuchasana kakuhle nokuthotywa kwe-enzymatic kunye nokuzinza.
4. Iimpawu zeViscosity
I-viscosity ye-CMC yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zomzimba. I-viscosity ihambelana ngokusondeleyo nobunzima bayo be-molecular kunye neqondo lokuthatha indawo. I-viscosity yesisombululo se-CMC inokulungelelaniswa okulungileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ivelisa i-viscosity ephezulu kwi-concentration ephantsi (1% -2%), ngoko isetyenziswa rhoqo njenge-thickener, i-stabilizer kunye ne-agent yokumisa.
I-viscosity ye-MC inxulumene nobunzima bayo bemolekyuli kunye neqondo lokuthatha indawo. I-MC enedigri ezahlukeneyo zokutshintsha ineempawu ezahlukeneyo ze-viscosity. I-MC nayo inefuthe elihle lokuqina kwisisombululo, kodwa xa ishushu kwiqondo elithile lobushushu, isisombululo se-MC siya gel. Le propati ye-gelling isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwishishini lokwakha (njenge-gypsum, i-samente) kunye nokulungiswa kokutya ( Njengokuqina, ukubunjwa kwefilimu, njl.).
5. Iindawo zokufaka izicelo
I-CMC iqhele ukusetyenziswa njenge-thickener, emulsifier, stabilizer, kunye ne-arhente yokumisa kushishino lokutya. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-ayisikrimu, i-yogurt kunye neziselo zeziqhamo, i-CMC inokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukuhlukana kwezithako kunye nokuphucula incasa kunye nokuzinza kwemveliso. Kushishino petroleum, CMC isetyenziswa njenge arhente unyango udaka ukunceda ukulawula fluidity kunye nolwelo ilahleko ulwelo kusombiwa. Ukongeza, i-CMC ikwasetyenziselwa ukuguqulwa kwepulp kumzi-mveliso wephepha kunye ne-arhente yokulinganisa kushishino lwamalaphu.
I-MC isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwishishini lokwakha, ngokukodwa kwiidaka ezomileyo, i-adhesives tile kunye ne-putty powders. Njenge-ejenti yokuqina kunye ne-arhente yokugcina amanzi, i-MC inokuphucula ukusebenza kolwakhiwo kunye namandla okudibanisa. Kwishishini lamachiza, i-MC isetyenziswa njengezibophelelo zethebhulethi, izinto ezikhutshwa ngokuqhubekayo kunye nezixhobo zodonga lwe-capsule. Iimpawu zayo ze-thermogelling zivumela ukukhululwa okulawulwayo kwiindlela ezithile. Ukongeza, i-MC ikwasetyenziswa kwishishini lokutya njenge-thickener, stabilizer kunye ne-emulsifier yokutya, njengeesosi, ukuzaliswa, izonka, njl.
6. Ukhuseleko kunye ne-biodegradability
I-CMC ithathwa njengesongezo sokutya esikhuselekileyo. Uphononongo olubanzi lwe-toxicological lubonise ukuba i-CMC ayinabungozi kumzimba womntu kwidosi ecetyiswayo. Ekubeni i-CMC iphuma kwi-cellulose yendalo kwaye inokonakala kwezinto eziphilayo, inobubele kwimo engqongileyo kwaye inokonakaliswa zii-microorganisms.
I-MC ikwajongwa njengesongezo esikhuselekileyo kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kumayeza, ukutya kunye nezithambiso. Ubume bayo obungeyo-ionic buyenza izinze kakhulu kwi-vivo nakwi-vitro. Nangona i-MC ingenako ukubola njenge-CMC, iyakwazi ukuthotywa yi-microorganisms phantsi kweemeko ezithile.
Nangona i-carboxymethyl cellulose kunye ne-methyl cellulose zombini ziphuma kwi-cellulose yendalo, zineempawu ezahlukileyo kwizicelo ezisebenzayo ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo zeekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo, iipropati zomzimba kunye neendawo zokusetyenziswa. I-CMC isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zokutya, amayeza kunye nezoshishino ngenxa yokunyibilika kakuhle kwamanzi, ukutyeba kunye neempawu zokunqunyanyiswa, ngelixa i-MC ikwindawo ebalulekileyo kumashishini okwakha, amayeza kunye nokutya ngenxa yeempawu zayo zejeli kunye nozinzo. Zombini zinezicelo ezizodwa kwishishini lanamhlanje, kwaye zombini zizinto eziluhlaza kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-18-2024