Inkcazo:
I-admixtures yokunciphisa amanzi idlala indima ephambili kwimisebenzi yokwakha yanamhlanje, ukuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kwekhonkrithi ngelixa kuncitshiswa ukufuma. Njengoko uphuhliso oluzinzileyo kunye nemiba yokusingqongileyo iqhubeka nokuhoywa, imfuno yee-arhente zokunciphisa amanzi ngobuchule obuphezulu iye yanda.
Yazisa:
Imixube yokunciphisa amanzi, ekwabizwa ngokuba zii-superplasticizers, ibaluleke kakhulu kushishino lokwakha ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kwekhonkrithi. Ezi arhente zenzelwe ukunyusa ukuhamba komxube wekhonkrithi ngaphandle kokuchaphazela amandla ayo, ngaloo ndlela kunceda ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle. Ugxininiso kulwakhiwo oluzinzileyo luqhube uphuhliso lwee-superplasticizers, lukhuthaza abavelisi ukuba baphonononge izisombululo ezintsha.
Ukubaluleka kwearhente yokunciphisa amanzi:
Amanzi licandelo elibalulekileyo lemixube yekhonkrithi, kodwa umthamo wamanzi amaninzi unokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezahlukeneyo ezifana namandla ancitshisiweyo, ukwanda kokungena, kunye namaxesha okumisela ixesha elide. Imixube yokunciphisa amanzi ixazulula le mingeni ngokunciphisa amanzi ngelixa igcina ukusebenza okufunekayo kunye neempawu zekhonkrithi. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kumxholo wezenzo zokwakha ezizinzileyo kunye nesidingo sokwandisa izixhobo.
Iintlobo zee-arhente zokunciphisa amanzi:
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-agent zokunciphisa amanzi, kuquka i-lignosulfonates, i-sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde condensates, kunye ne-polycarboxylate ethers. Uhlobo ngalunye luneempawu ezizodwa kwaye ukusebenza kwalo kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zeprojekthi yokwakha. Abavelisi basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa ukuvelisa ii-superplasticizers ezifanelekileyo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.
Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso:
A. Lignosulfonate:
I-Lignosulfonates ithathwe kwinkqubo yokukhupha iinkuni, kwaye ukuveliswa kwazo kubandakanya i-sulfite pulping. Ukunyanga iinkuni ngeekhompawundi ze-sulfite kubangela ukuba i-lignin ihlukane ne-cellulose fibers. Isiphumo se-lignosulfonate sinokusebenza njenge-agent esebenzayo yokunciphisa amanzi ngenxa yeempawu zayo zokusabalalisa. Inkqubo yokuvelisa idinga ukulawulwa ngokucokisekileyo kwe-sulfite yoxinaniso kunye neemeko zokusabela ukufezekisa ukusebenza okufunayo.
b. I-Sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde condensate (SNF):
Ukuveliswa kwe-superplasticizer ye-SNF kubandakanya ukunyuswa kwe-naphthalene, i-formaldehyde kunye ne-sulfonating agents. Le nkqubo ivelisa iimveliso ze-sulfonated kunye neempawu zokusabalalisa kunye neplastiki. Isakhiwo se-molecular kunye ne-sulfonation degree inempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwe-SNF superplasticizer. Abavelisi basebenzisa ulawulo oluchanekileyo kwiiparamitha zokusabela ukuphumeza ulungelelwano olufunekayo phakathi kokusebenza kunye namandla.
C. Polycarboxylate ethers (PCE):
I-Perchlorethylene i-agent yokunciphisa amanzi ibonisa uhlobo olutsha kunye noluphezulu lwe-agent ephezulu yokunciphisa amanzi. Ukwenziwa kwe-tetrachlorethylene kubandakanya i-copolymerization ye-acrylic acid kunye nezinye ii-monomers, okubangelwa i-polymer enesakhiwo esifana nekama. Esi sakhiwo esiyingqayizivele sibonelela ngezakhono eziphezulu zokusasazwa ukunciphisa kakhulu amanzi ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ukusebenza komxube wekhonkrithi. I-synthesis ye-tetrachlorethylene ibandakanya iindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-polymerization kunye nokulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo kwesakhiwo se-molecular.
Inkqubela phambili yodidi oluphezulu lokunciphisa amanzi:
A. Udibaniso lweNanotechnology:
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, abaphandi kunye nabavelisi baye bahlola ukubandakanya i-nanotechnology kwii-superplasticizers. I-Nanoparticles inokuphucula i-dispersion properties yala ma-agent, ngakumbi ukunciphisa umthamo wamanzi. Le ndlela ayiphuculi kuphela ukusebenza kakuhle kwemixube yekhonkrithi, kodwa iphinda ivule umnyango kwizicelo zenoveli zezinto ezihlakaniphile kunye nokuziphilisa.
b. Ukulungiselela usetyenziso oluthile:
Ii-admixtures zokunciphisa amanzi ezisebenza kakuhle ngoku zilungelelaniswa kwizicelo ezithile, ezifana nekhonkrithi ye-self-compacting (SCC) kunye ne-high-performance concrete (HPC). Ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali kunye nesakhiwo semolekyuli zezi reagents zilungiselelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezizodwa zeeprojekthi ezahlukeneyo, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo.
C. Green Chemistry Initiative:
Abavelisi bayanda ukwamkela imigaqo ye-chemistry eluhlaza ekuveliseni i-superplasticizers. Oku kubandakanya ukusebenzisa imathiriyeli ehlaziywayo ekrwada, ukunciphisa inkunkuma kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yenkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso. Ii-superplasticizers eziluhlaza zihambelana nogxininiso olukhulayo loshishino lokuzinza kunye negalelo kwimisebenzi yokwakha ehambelana nokusingqongileyo.
d. Ukuhambelana neMathiriyeli eyoNgezelelweyo yeCementitious (SCM):
Ukubandakanywa kwezixhobo zesibini zesamente ezifana ne-fly ash kunye ne-slag zixhaphake kwiinkqubo zekhonkrithi ezizinzileyo. Senza ii-superplasticizers ukuphucula ukuhambelana nezi zixhobo, siqinisekisa ukuba izibonelelo zokucuthwa kwamanzi aziphazamiseki xa usebenzisa i-SCM.
Imingeni kunye nezinto ezilindelekileyo kwixesha elizayo:
Ngaphandle kwenkqubela phambili ebonakalayo kwi-superplasticizers, imingeni isekhona. Oku kubandakanya imfuno yeendlela zokuvavanya ezisemgangathweni, ukujongana neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-reagents ezithile malunga nokuqina kwexesha elide, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuhambelana nezinto ezahlukeneyo zesamente. Amathemba exesha elizayo ee-superplasticizers afuna uphando oluqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso ukuze loyise le mingeni kunye nokuphucula ngakumbi ukuzinza kunye nokusebenza kolwakhiwo olubambekayo.
ukuququmbela:
Ukwenziwa kwee-superplasticizers yintsimi eguquguqukayo ehlala iguquguquka ukuhlangabezana nemfuno ekhulayo yezenzo zokwakha ezizinzileyo. Ukusungula izisombululo eziphambili ezityhala imida yokusebenza kunye noxanduva lokusingqongileyo. Ngophando oluqhubekayo kwi-nanotechnology, ukulungelelaniswa kwezicelo ezithile, amalinge ekhemistri eluhlaza, kunye nokuphucula ukuhambelana nezixhobo ze-cementitious zesibini, ikusasa le-superplasticizers libukeka njengento yokufaka isandla kwiziseko ezizinzileyo nezizinzileyo. Ikamva liqaqambile.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-05-2023