Ulwakhiwo lweMichiza kunye noMvelisi weCellulose Ethers

I-cellulose ethers yiklasi yeekhompawundi ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kuquka ukwakhiwa, ukutya, amayeza, kunye nokunyamekela komntu. Ezi zixhobo ziphuma kwi-cellulose, i-polymer yendalo efumaneka kwizityalo, kwaye iveliswa ngenkqubo yokuguqulwa kweekhemikhali. Kweli nqaku, siza kuxubusha ubume beekhemikhali ze-cellulose ethers kunye nabanye abavelisi abakhulu bezi zixhobo.

Ulwakhiwo lweMichiza yeCellulose Ethers:

I-cellulose ethers ithathwe kwi-cellulose, i-polymer ehambelanayo eyenziwe ngeeyunithi ze-glucose ezidityaniswe yi-beta-1,4 glycosidic bonds. Iyunithi ephindayo ye-cellulose iboniswe ngezantsi:

Ukuguqulwa kweekhemikhali zeselulosi ukuvelisa i-cellulose ethers kubandakanya ukutshintshwa kwamaqela e-hydroxyl kwikhonkco le-cellulose kunye namanye amaqela asebenzayo. Amaqela asebenzayo asetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kule njongo yi-methyl, ethyl, i-hydroxyethyl, i-hydroxypropyl, kunye ne-carboxymethyl.

I-Methyl Cellulose (MC):

I-Methyl cellulose (MC) yi-ether ye-cellulose eveliswa ngokutshintshwa kwamaqela e-hydroxyl kwikhonkco le-cellulose kunye namaqela e-methyl. I-degree of substitution (DS) ye-MC inokwahluka ukusuka kwi-0.3 ukuya kwi-2.5, kuxhomekeke kwisicelo. Ubunzima bemolekyuli ye-MC buqhelekile kuluhlu lwe-10,000 ukuya kwi-1,000,000 Da.

I-MC ngumgubo omhlophe ukuya komhlophe, ongenavumba, kunye nomgubo ongenancasa onyibilika emanzini kunye nezinyibilikisi ezininzi zendalo. Iqhele ukusetyenziswa njenge-thickener, binder, kunye ne-emulsifier kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukutya, amayeza, kunye nokhathalelo lomntu. Kwishishini lokwakha, i-MC isetyenziswa njengesongezo kwiimveliso ezisekelwe kwisamente ukuphucula ukusebenza, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, kunye namandla okunamathela.

I-Ethyl Cellulose (EC):

I-Ethyl cellulose (EC) yi-ether ye-cellulose eveliswa ngokutshintshela amaqela e-hydroxyl kwikhonkco le-cellulose kunye namaqela e-ethyl. I-degree of substitution (DS) ye-EC inokuhluka ukusuka kwi-1.5 ukuya kwi-3.0, kuxhomekeke kwisicelo. Ubunzima bemolekyuli ye-EC ngokuqhelekileyo kuluhlu lwe-50,000 ukuya kwi-1,000,000 Da.

I-EC ngumgubo omhlophe ukuya komhlophe, ongenavumba, kunye nomgubo ongenancasa onganyibilikiyo emanzini kodwa unyibilika kwizinyibilikisi ezininzi zendalo. Isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo njenge-binder, ifilimu-yangaphambili, kunye ne-arhente eqhubekayo yokukhululwa kwishishini lamayeza. Ukongeza, i-EC ingasetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokugquma ukutya kunye neemveliso zamayeza ukuphucula uzinzo kunye nenkangeleko yazo.

I-Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (HEC):

I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) yi-ether ye-cellulose eveliswa ngokutshintshela amaqela e-hydroxyl kwikhonkco le-cellulose kunye namaqela e-hydroxyethyl. I-degree of substitution (DS) ye-HEC inokuhluka ukusuka kwi-1.5 ukuya kwi-2.5, kuxhomekeke kwisicelo. Ubunzima bemolekyuli ye-HEC ngokuqhelekileyo kuluhlu lwe-50,000 ukuya kwi-1,000,000 Da.

I-HEC ngumgubo omhlophe ukuya komhlophe, ongenavumba, kunye nomgubo ongenancasa onyibilika emanzini nakwizinyibilikisi ezininzi zendalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa njenge-thickener, emulsifier, kunye ne-stabilizer kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kuquka ukutya, amayeza, kunye nokunyamekela komntu. Kwishishini lokwakha, i-HEC isetyenziswe njengesongezo kwiimveliso ezisekelwe kwi-samente ukuphucula ukusebenza, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, kunye namandla okunamathela.

IHydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) yi-ether yecellulose eveliswa ngokutshintshwa kwamaqela e-hydroxyl kwikhonkco leselulosi nge-hydroxypropyl kunye namaqela e-methyl. I-degree of substitution (DS) ye-HPMC inokuhluka kwi-0.1 ukuya kwi-0.5 yokutshintshwa kwe-hydroxypropyl kunye ne-1.2 ukuya kwi-2.5 yokutshintshwa kwe-methyl, kuxhomekeke kwisicelo. Ubunzima bemolekyuli ye-HPMC ngokuqhelekileyo kuluhlu lwe-10,000 ukuya kwi-1,000,000 Da.

I-HPMC ngumgubo omhlophe ukuya komhlophe, ongenavumba, kunye nomgubo ongenancasa onyibilikayo emanzini kunye nezona zinyibilikisi zininzi. Iqhele ukusetyenziswa njenge-thickener, binder, kunye ne-emulsifier kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kuquka ukwakhiwa, ukutya, amayeza, kunye nokhathalelo lomntu. Kushishino lokwakha, i-HPMC isetyenziswa njengesongezo kwiimveliso ezisekwe kwisamente ukuphucula ukusebenza, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, kunye namandla okuncamathela.

Abavelisi beCellulose Ethers phesheya:

Kukho abavelisi abaninzi abakhulu be-cellulose ethers, kuquka iDow Chemical Company, i-Ashland Inc., iShin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., i-AkzoNobel NV, kunye neDaicel Corporation.

Inkampani yeDow Chemical ingomnye wabavelisi abahamba phambili be-cellulose ethers, kuquka i-HPMC, i-MC, kunye ne-EC. Inkampani inikeza uluhlu olubanzi lwamabakala kunye neenkcukacha zezi mveliso, kuxhomekeke kwisicelo. I-Dow's cellulose ethers isetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukwakhiwa, ukutya, amayeza, kunye nokhathalelo lomntu.

I-Ashland Inc. ngomnye umenzi omkhulu we-cellulose ethers, kuquka i-HEC, i-HPMC, kunye ne-EC. Inkampani inikeza uluhlu olubanzi lwamabanga kunye neenkcukacha zezi mveliso, kuxhomekeke kwisicelo. I-ethers ye-cellulose yase-Ashland isetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kuquka ukwakhiwa, ukutya, amayeza, kunye nokhathalelo lomntu.

I-Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. yinkampani yaseJapan yemichiza evelisa i-cellulose ethers, kuquka i-HEC, i-HPMC, kunye ne-EC. Inkampani inikeza uluhlu olubanzi lwamabanga kunye neenkcukacha zezi mveliso, kuxhomekeke kwisicelo. I-Shin-Etsu's cellulose ethers isetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kuquka ukwakhiwa, ukutya, amayeza kunye nokunyamekela umntu.

I-AkzoNobel NV yinkampani yaseDutch yamazwe ngamazwe evelisa i-cellulose ethers, kuquka i-HEC, i-HPMC, kunye ne-MC. Inkampani inikeza uluhlu olubanzi lwamabanga kunye neenkcukacha zezi mveliso, kuxhomekeke kwisicelo. I-cellulose ethers ye-AkzoNobel isetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kuquka ukwakhiwa, ukutya, amayeza, kunye nokunyamekela komntu.

I-Daicel Corporation yinkampani yekhemikhali yaseJapan eyenza i-cellulose ethers, kuquka i-HPMC kunye ne-MC. Inkampani inikeza uluhlu olubanzi lwamabakala kunye neenkcukacha zezi mveliso, kuxhomekeke kwisicelo. I-Daicel's cellulose ethers isetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kuquka ukwakhiwa, ukutya, amayeza, kunye nokunyamekela komntu.

Isiphelo:

I-cellulose ethers yiklasi yeekhompawundi ezivela kwi-cellulose kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali ze-cellulose ethers kubandakanya ukutshintshwa kwamaqela e-hydroxyl kwikhonkco le-cellulose kunye namanye amaqela asebenzayo, afana ne-methyl, ethyl, i-hydroxyethyl, i-hydroxypropyl, kunye ne-carboxymethyl. Kukho abavelisi abaninzi abakhulu be-cellulose ethers, kuquka iDow Chemical Company, i-Ashland Inc., iShin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., i-AkzoNobel NV, kunye neDaicel Corporation. Ezi nkampani zinika uluhlu olubanzi lwamabakala kunye neenkcukacha ze-cellulose ethers, kuxhomekeke kwisicelo.