Abstract:
Mvura inoderedza misanganiswa inoita basa rakakosha mumaitiro emazuva ano ekuvaka, kuvandudza kushanda uye kuita kwekongiri uku ichideredza hunyoro. Sezvo budiriro yakadzikama uye nyaya dzezvakatipoteredza dzichiramba dzichitariswa, kudiwa kwepamusoro-soro kudzikisa mvura vamiririri kwawedzera.
suma:
Mvura-inoderedza misanganiswa, inozivikanwawo se superplasticizers, yave yakakosha muindasitiri yekuvaka kuti ikwidzise kushanda kwekongiri. Aya maajenti akagadzirirwa kusimudzira kuyerera kwekongiri musanganiswa pasina kukanganisa simba rayo, nekudaro kubatsira kuwedzera basa rekuvaka. Kutariswa kwekuvaka kwakasimba kwakafambisa kuvandudzwa kwe superplasticizers, zvichiita kuti vagadziri vaongorore mhinduro itsva.
Kukosha kwemvura inoderedza agent:
Mvura chinhu chakakosha chekongiri musanganiswa, asi yakawandisa mvura yemukati inogona kutungamira kumatambudziko akasiyana senge kuderedzwa kwesimba, kuwedzera permeability, uye kurebesa nguva yekumisikidza. Mvura-inoderedza misanganiswa inogadzirisa matambudziko aya nekudzikisa mvura uchichengetedza kushanda kunodiwa uye zvivakwa zvekongiri. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha mumamiriro ekugadzirisa maitiro ekuvaka uye kudiwa kwekugadzirisa zviwanikwa.
Mhando dzemvura inoderedza agent:
Kune marudzi akati wandei ekuderedza mvura, anosanganisira lignosulfonates, sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde condensates, uye polycarboxylate ethers. Rudzi rumwe norumwe rune zvimiro zvakasiyana uye kushanda kwayo kunoenderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo zvechirongwa chekuvaka. Vagadziri vanoshandisa akasiyana makemikari maumbirwo uye maitiro ekugadzira kugadzira superplasticizers akakodzera akasiyana maapplication.
Manufacturing process:
A. Lignosulfonate:
Lignosulfonates inotorwa kubva muhuni pulping process, uye kugadzira kwavo kunosanganisira sulfite pulping. Kurapa huni ne sulfite makomisheni kunoita kuti lignin iparadzane kubva kune cellulose fiber. Iyo inoguma lignosulfonate inogona kushanda sechinhu chinoshanda chekudzikisa mvura nekuda kwekupararira kwayo. Iyo yekugadzira maitiro inoda kungwarira kudzora kwe sulfite yekumisikidza uye maitiro ekuita kuti uwane iyo yaunoda kuita.
b. Sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde condensate (SNF):
Kugadzirwa kweSNF superplasticizer kunosanganisira condensation ye naphthalene, formaldehyde uye sulfonating agents. Iyi nzira inogadzira zvigadzirwa zve sulfonated zvine kuparadzira uye plasticizing zvimiro. Molecular chimiro uye sulfonation degree ine zvakakosha pakuita kweSNF superplasticizer. Vagadziri vanonyatso kudzora pamusoro pemaitiro ekuita kuti vawane chiyero chinodiwa pakati pekushanda nesimba.
C. Polycarboxylate ethers (PCE):
Perchlorethylene inoderedza mvura inomiririra rudzi rutsva uye rwakanyanyisa rwemhando yepamusoro-yepamusoro yekudzikisa mvura. Kugadzirwa kwe tetrachlorethylene kunosanganisira copolymerization ye acrylic asidhi uye mamwe monomers, zvichiita kuti polymer ine muzinga-yakafanana chimiro. Ichi chakasarudzika chimiro chinopa hukuru hwekuparadzira kugona kudzikisa zvakanyanya mvura pasina kukanganisa kushanda kwekongiri musanganiswa. Iyo synthesis ye tetrachlorethylene inosanganisira yakaoma polymerization maitiro uye kunyatso kudzora kwema molecular chimiro.
Kufambira mberi kwepamusoro-kushanda-kuderedza mvura inosanganiswa:
A. Nanotechnology Integration:
Mumakore achangopfuura, vaongorori nevagadziri vakaongorora kubatanidza nanotechnology mune superplasticizers. Nanoparticles inogona kuwedzera kupararira zvivakwa zveaya maajenti, zvichiwedzera kuderedza mvura yemukati. Iyi nzira haingonatsiridza kushanda kwekongiri musanganiswa, asi zvakare inovhura musuwo wezvitsva zvekushandisa zvehungwaru uye kuzvirapa zvinhu.
b. Customization kune chaiwo maapplication:
Yakakwirira-inoshanda-inoderedza mvura yakasanganiswa yave kugadziridzwa kune chaiyo maapplication, senge self-compacting kongiri (SCC) uye yakakwirira-performance kongiri (HPC). Iyo kemikari kuumbwa uye chimiro chemolecular yeaya mareagents akagadziridzwa kuti asangane neakasarudzika anodikanwa emapurojekiti akasiyana, kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakakwana uye kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa.
C. Green Chemistry Initiative:
Vagadziri vari kuwedzera kutora girinhi chemistry misimboti mukugadzira superplasticizers. Izvi zvinosanganisira kushandisa zviwanikwa zvinogoneka, kuderedza marara uye kuderedza kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kwemaitiro ekugadzira. Green superplasticizers inoenderana neiyo indasitiri iri kukura kusimbisa kusimba uye inobatsira kune mamwe maitiro ekuvaka ane hushamwari.
d. Kuenderana neSupplementary Cementitious Materials (SCM):
Iko kubatanidzwa kwechipiri cementitious zvinhu zvakadai sefly ash uye slag zvakajairika mukugadzirisa kongiri maitiro. Isu tiri kugadzira superplasticizers kuti iwedzere kuenderana nezvinhu izvi, kuve nechokwadi chekuti mabhenefiti ekudzikisa mvura haana kukanganisa kana uchishandisa SCM.
Zvinetso uye tarisiro yeramangwana:
Pasinei nekufambira mberi kwakakosha mune superplasticizers, matambudziko achiripo. Izvi zvinosanganisira kudiwa kweakamisikidzwa nzira dzekuyedza, kugadzirisa zvingangoitika zvemamwe mareagents pakugara kwenguva refu, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuenderana nezvinhu zvakasiyana cementitious. Tarisiro yeramangwana ye superplasticizers inoda kuenderera mberi nekutsvagisa uye kusimudzira kukunda matambudziko aya uye nekuwedzera kusimudzira uye kuita kwekongiri kuvaka.
mukupedzisa:
Kugadzirwa kwe superplasticizers inzvimbo ine simba inogara ichishanduka kuti isangane nekukura kuri kudiwa kwemaitiro ekuvaka akasimba. Kutangisa zvigadziriso zvepamberi zvinosundira miganhu yekuita uye mutoro wezvakatipoteredza. Nekuenderera mberi nekutsvagisa mu nanotechnology, kugadzirisa kune chaiyo mashandisirwo, yakasvibira chemistry matangi, uye yakagadziridzwa kuenderana neyechipiri simende zvinhu, remangwana re superplasticizers rinotaridzika senge maererano nekupa kune yakawedzera kusimba uye yakasimba zvivakwa. Ramangwana rakajeka.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-05-2023