Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) uye methyl cellulose (MC) zvinhu zviviri zveselulosi zvakashandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri mazhinji. Kunyangwe iwo ese ari maviri akatorwa kubva kune yechisikigo cellulose, nekuda kweakasiyana makemikari ekuchinja maitiro, CMC neMC vane misiyano yakakura muchimiro chemakemikari, zvemuviri nemakemikari zvimiro, uye mashandisirwo eminda.
1. Kwakabva uye muchidimbu muchidimbu
Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) inogadzirirwa nekuita zvechisikigo cellulose ne chloroacetic acid mushure mekurapa alkali. Iyo anionic mvura-soluble cellulose derivative. CMC inowanzovapo muchimiro chesodium munyu, saka inonziwo Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose (Na-CMC). Nekuda kwekunaka kwayo kunyungudika uye viscosity kugadzirisa basa, CMC inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukudya, mishonga, kuchera mafuta, machira nemapepa maindasitiri.
Methylcellulose (MC) inogadzirwa nemethylating cellulose ine methyl chloride (kana mamwe methylating reagents). Iyo isiri-ionic cellulose derivative. MC ine thermal gel properties, mhinduro yacho inoomesa kana ichipisa uye inonyunguduka kana yatonhora. Nekuda kwezvimiro zvayo zvakasiyana, MC inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuvaka, kugadzirira kwemishonga, machira, chikafu uye mamwe maindasitiri.
2. Chimiro chemakemikari
Chimiro chekutanga cheCMC ndiko kuiswa kweboka re carboxymethyl (-CH2COOH) pane glucose unit ye β-1,4-glucosidic bond ye cellulose. Iri boka re carboxyl rinoriita anionic. Iyo molecular chimiro cheCMC ine nhamba huru ye sodium carboxylate mapoka. Aya mapoka anoparadzaniswa nyore nyore mumvura, zvichiita kuti CMC mamorekuru ashajirwe zvisina kunaka, nokudaro achipa kunaka kunyungudika kwemvura uye kukora zvinhu.
Iyo mamolecular chimiro cheMC ndiko kuunzwa kwemethoxy mapoka (-OCH3) mumamorekuru e cellulose, uye aya methoxy mapoka anotsiva chikamu chemapoka ehydroxyl mumamorekuru ecellulose. Iko hakuna mapoka eionized muMC chimiro, saka haisi-ionic, zvichireva kuti haiparadzanise kana kubhadhariswa mukugadzirisa. Iyo yakasiyana-siyana yekupisa gel maitiro inokonzerwa nekuvapo kwemapoka aya methoxy.
3. Solubility uye zvinhu zvemuviri
CMC ine yakanaka solubility mumvura uye inogona kukurumidza kunyungudika mumvura inotonhora kuumba inoonekera viscous fluid. Sezvo iri anionic polymer, kunyungudika kweCMC kunokanganiswa neiyo ionic simba uye pH kukosha kwemvura. Munzvimbo dzine munyu wakanyanya kana yakasimba asidhi mamiriro, kunyungudika uye kugadzikana kweCMC kunoderera. Mukuwedzera, iyo viscosity yeCMC yakagadzikana pane tembiricha dzakasiyana.
Kunyungudika kweMC mumvura kunoenderana nekupisa. Inogona kunyungudutswa mumvura inotonhora asi inoumba gel kana ichipisa. Iyi yekupisa gel chivakwa inoita kuti MC itambe akakosha mabasa muindasitiri yechikafu uye zvekuvaka. Iyo viscosity yeMC inodzikira sezvo tembiricha inowedzera, uye ine yakanaka kuramba kune enzymatic degradation uye kugadzikana.
4. Viscosity maitiro
Iyo viscosity yeCMC ndeimwe yeayo akakosha emuviri zvimiro. Iyo viscosity inowirirana zvakanyanya nehuremu hwayo hwemamorekuru uye dhigirii rekutsiva. Iyo viscosity yeCMC mhinduro ine yakanaka inogadzirika, kazhinji inoburitsa yakakwira viscosity pakudzika kwakadzika (1% -2%), saka inowanzoshandiswa seyakakora, stabilizer uye kumisa mumiriri.
Iyo viscosity yeMC zvakare ine hukama nehuremu hwayo hwemamorekuru uye dhigirii rekutsiva. MC ine madhigirii akasiyana ekutsiva ane akasiyana viscosity maitiro. MC zvakare ine yakanaka thickening mhedzisiro mumhinduro, asi kana yapiswa kune imwe tembiricha, iyo MC mhinduro inopenya. Iyi gelling pfuma inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yekuvaka (yakadai segypsum, simende) uye kugadzira chikafu (Senge kukora, kuumbwa kwemafirimu, nezvimwewo).
5. Nzvimbo dzekushandisa
CMC inowanzo shandiswa se thickener, emulsifier, stabilizer, uye kumisa mumiriri muindasitiri yechikafu. Semuenzaniso, muaizikirimu, yogati uye zvinwiwa zvemichero, CMC inogona kunyatso kudzivirira kupatsanurwa kwezvinhu uye kuvandudza kuravira uye kugadzikana kwechigadzirwa. Muindasitiri yepetroleum, CMC inoshandiswa semugadziri wedhaka wekurapa kubatsira kudzora kuyerera uye kurasikirwa kwemvura yemvura yekuchera. Pamusoro pezvo, CMC inoshandiswawo kugadzirisa pulp muindasitiri yemapepa uye seajenti muindasitiri yemachira.
MC inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yekuvaka, kunyanya mumadhaka akaoma, mataira anonamira uye putty poda. Semumiriri anokora uye anochengetedza mvura, MC inogona kuvandudza mashandiro ekuvaka uye simba rekubatanidza. Muindasitiri yemishonga, MC inoshandiswa semapiritsi mabhandi, akasimba-kuburitswa zvinhu uye capsule madziro zvinhu. Iyo thermogelling zvimiro inogonesa inodzorwa kuburitswa mune mamwe magadzirirwo. Pamusoro pezvo, MC inoshandiswawo muindasitiri yechikafu seyakakora, stabilizer uye emulsifier yechikafu, senge sosi, kuzadza, zvingwa, nezvimwe.
6. Kuchengetedza uye biodegradability
CMC inoonekwa seyakachengeteka chikafu chekuwedzera. Zvakawanda toxicological zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti CMC haina ngozi kumuviri wemunhu painokurudzirwa dosi. Sezvo CMC iri kubva kunobva pane yakasikwa cellulose uye ine yakanaka biodegradability, ine hushamwari munharaunda uye inogona kuderedzwa nehutachiona.
MC inoonekwawo sekuwedzera kwakachengeteka uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumishonga, chikafu uye zvizorwa. Yayo isiri-ionic hunhu inoita kuti igadzikane zvakanyanya mu vivo uye in vitro. Kunyangwe MC isingaite biodegradable seCMC, inokwanisa zvakare kuderedzwa nema microorganisms pasi pemamiriro chaiwo.
Kunyangwe carboxymethyl cellulose uye methyl cellulose ese ari maviri akatorwa kubva kune yakasarudzika cellulose, iwo ane hunhu hwakasiyana mumashandisirwo anoshanda nekuda kweakasiyana maumbirwo emakemikari, zvimiro zvemuviri uye minda yekushandisa. CMC inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yechikafu, yemishonga uye maindasitiri nekuda kwekunyungudika kwayo kwemvura, kukora uye kumisa zvivakwa, nepo MC ichitora chinzvimbo chakakosha mumaindasitiri ekuvaka, emishonga uye echikafu nekuda kwekudziya kwayo gel zvivakwa uye kugadzikana. Ose ane akasiyana mashandisirwo muindasitiri yemazuva ano, uye ese ari maviri akasvibira uye ane hushamwari zvinhu.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-18-2024