Minisiteri ivanze yiteguye igabanijwemo amavuta avanze na minisiteri yumye ukurikije uburyo bwo gukora. Uruvange ruvanze nuruvange ruvanze namazi rwitwa minisiteri ivanze, naho imvange ikomeye ikozwe mubikoresho byumye byitwa minisiteri yumye. Hano haribikoresho byinshi bibisi bigira uruhare mumyiteguro ivanze. Usibye ibikoresho bya simaitima, igiteranyo, hamwe n’ibindi bivangwa n’amabuye y'agaciro, hakenewe kongerwamo imbaraga kugira ngo habeho plastike, kubika amazi, no guhoraho. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwimvange ya minisiteri yiteguye-ivanze, ishobora kugabanywa muri selile ya selile, etarike ya krahisi, ifu ya redxersible latex, bentonite, nibindi biva mubigize imiti; Irashobora kugabanywamo ibikoresho byinjira mu kirere, stabilisateur, fibre anti-cracking, Retarder, yihuta, kugabanya amazi, gutatanya, nibindi. Iyi ngingo irasuzuma iterambere ryubushakashatsi bwibintu byinshi bikoreshwa mubisanzwe bivangwa na minisiteri ivanze.
1 Imvange isanzwe ya minisiteri yiteguye
1.1 Umukozi winjiza ikirere
Umukozi winjiza ikirere ni umukozi ukora, kandi ubwoko busanzwe burimo rosine, alkyl na alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon sulfonic acide, nibindi. Hariho amatsinda ya hydrophilique hamwe nitsinda rya hydrophobi muri molekile yinjira mu kirere. Iyo igikoresho cyinjiza ikirere cyongewe kuri minisiteri, itsinda rya hydrophilique ya molekile ya agent yinjira mu kirere ryamamajwe nuduce twa sima, mugihe itsinda rya hydrophobique rihujwe nuduce duto two mu kirere. Kandi bikwirakwijwe neza muri minisiteri, kugirango bidindiza inzira yo gutangira hakiri kare ya sima, kunoza imikorere yo gufata amazi ya minisiteri, kugabanya igihombo cyo guhuzagurika, kandi mugihe kimwe, utubuto duto two mu kirere dushobora kugira uruhare rwo gusiga, kunoza pompe na sprayability ya minisiteri.
Umukozi winjiza ikirere azana umubare munini wibibyimba bito muri minisiteri, bitezimbere imikorere ya minisiteri, bigabanya ubukana mugihe cyo kuvoma no gutera, kandi bikagabanya ibintu byo gufunga; kongeramo umukozi winjiza ikirere bigabanya imbaraga zingirakamaro zingirakamaro za minisiteri Imikorere, uko ingano ya minisiteri yiyongera, gutakaza imbaraga zingirakamaro zingirakamaro byiyongera; umukozi winjiza ikirere atezimbere ibipimo ngenderwaho nko guhorana minisiteri, igipimo cya 2h cyo gutakaza igihombo nigipimo cyo kugumana amazi, kandi akanoza imikorere yo gutera no kuvoma pompe yimashini itera imiti, Kurundi ruhande, itera gutakaza imbaraga zo gukomeretsa za minisiteri nubusabane imbaraga.
Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko udasuzumye ingaruka za ether ya selile, ubwiyongere bwibintu byinjira mu kirere bishobora kugabanya neza ubwinshi bw’amazi ya minisiteri ivanze, ibirimo umwuka hamwe n’uburinganire bwa minisiteri biziyongera cyane, kandi igipimo cyo gufata amazi na imbaraga zo guhonyora zizagabanuka; Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku mpinduka zerekana imikorere ya minisiteri ivanze na selile ya selile na selile yinjira mu kirere yasanze nyuma yo kuvanga ibintu byinjira mu kirere na selile ether, hagomba gutekerezwa guhuza n'imihindagurikire yombi. Ether ya selile irashobora gutuma ibintu bimwe na bimwe byinjira mu kirere binanirwa, bityo igipimo cyo gufata amazi ya minisiteri kigabanuka.
Kuvanga rimwe gusa ibintu byinjira mu kirere, kugabanya kugabanya kugabanya no kuvanga byombi bigira uruhare runini kumiterere ya minisiteri. Kwiyongera kubintu byinjira mu kirere birashobora kongera igipimo cyo kugabanuka kwa minisiteri, kandi kongeramo imiti igabanya kugabanuka birashobora kugabanya cyane igipimo cyo kugabanuka kwa minisiteri. Byombi birashobora gutinza gucamo impeta ya minisiteri. Iyo byombi bivanze, igipimo cyo kugabanuka kwa minisiteri ntigihinduka cyane, kandi kurwanya kwangirika byiyongera.
1.2 Isubiranamo ryifu ya latex
Ifu ya redispersible latex ni igice cyingenzi cyifu yumye yumye. Nibikoresho bya elegitoronike byamazi byamazi byakozwe na polymer-emulioni ya molekile nyinshi binyuze mubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe numuvuduko mwinshi, kumisha spray, kuvura hejuru nibindi bikorwa. Emuliyoni ikorwa nifu ya latx ishobora kuvugururwa muri sima ya sima ikora imiterere ya firime ya polymer imbere ya minisiteri, ishobora kuzamura ubushobozi bwa sima ya sima yo kurwanya ibyangiritse.
Ifu ya redispersible latex irashobora kunoza ubworoherane nubukomezi bwibintu, igatezimbere imikorere yimyunyu mvange ivanze, kandi ikagira ingaruka zo kugabanya amazi. Ikipe ye yakoze ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka zo gukiza sisitemu ku mbaraga za minisiteri.
Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi byerekana ko iyo ingano yifu ya rubber ihinduwe iri murwego rwa 1.0% kugeza 1.5%, imiterere yibyiciro bitandukanye byifu ya rubber iringaniza. Nyuma yifu ya redispersible latex yongewe kuri sima, umuvuduko wambere wogutanga sima uratinda, firime ya polymer ipfunyika uduce twa sima, sima iba yuzuye neza, kandi imitungo itandukanye iratera imbere. Kuvanga ifu ya redxersible latex mumasima ya sima birashobora kugabanya amazi, kandi ifu ya latex na sima irashobora gukora urwego rwurusobe kugirango rwongere imbaraga zumubano wa minisiteri, kugabanya icyuho cya minisiteri, no kunoza imikorere ya minisiteri.
Mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe, igipimo cyagenwe cya lime-umucanga cyari 1: 2,5, guhoraho byari mm (70 ± 5), naho ingano yifu ya rubber yatoranijwe nka 0-3% byimbaraga zumucanga. Imihindagurikire yimiterere ya microscopique ya minisiteri yahinduwe muminsi 28 yasesenguwe na SEM, kandi ibisubizo byerekanaga ko Iyo ibintu byinshi biri hejuru yifu ya latx yongeye kugarurwa, niko bigenda bikomeza firime ya polymer ikorwa hejuru yibicuruzwa bitanga ingufu za minisiteri, na byiza imikorere ya minisiteri.
Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko nyuma yo kuvangwa na sima ya sima, ibice bya polymer na sima bizahurira hamwe kugirango bibumbwe hamwe, kandi hazashyirwaho imiterere yuzuye y'urusobekerane mugihe cya hydrata, bityo bikazamura cyane imbaraga zingirakamaro hamwe nubwubatsi. ya minisiteri yumuriro. imikorere.
1.3 Ifu yuzuye
Imikorere yifu yifu nugutezimbere imikorere yuzuye ya minisiteri. Nibikoresho byifu bidafite umwuka byateguwe mubikoresho bitandukanye kama kama, polymers organic, surfactants nibindi bikoresho bidasanzwe. Ifu yibyibushye irimo ifu ya latx isubirwamo, bentonite, ifu yumutungo wa organic organique, umubyimba ugumana amazi, nibindi, bigira ingaruka zimwe na zimwe za adsorption kuri molekile zamazi yumubiri, ntibishobora gusa kongera umurongo no kugumana amazi ya minisiteri, ariko kandi bifite aho bihurira neza. sima zitandukanye. Guhuza birashobora kunoza cyane imikorere ya minisiteri. Cao Chun et al] yize ku ngaruka za porojeri ya HJ-C2 yibyibushye ku mikorere ya minisiteri isanzwe ivanze, kandi ibisubizo byerekanaga ko ifu yuzuye umubyimba itagize ingaruka nke ku guhuza imbaraga na 28d zo kwikuramo imbaraga za minisiteri isanzwe ivanze, yagize ingaruka nke kuri delamination ya minisiteri Hariho ingaruka nziza yo gutera imbere. Yize ku kamaro k'ifu yijimye hamwe n'ibice bitandukanye ku bipimo bifatika ndetse n'ubukanishi bwa minisiteri nshya munsi ya dosiye zitandukanye. Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi byerekana ko imikorere ya minisiteri nshya yazamutse cyane kubera kongeramo ifu yuzuye. Kwinjizamo ifu ya redxersible latex yongerera imbaraga imbaraga za minisiteri, igabanya imbaraga zo gukomeretsa za minisiteri, kandi kwinjiza ether ya selulose ether hamwe nibikoresho byamabuye y'agaciro bidafite imbaraga bituma imbaraga zo kwikuramo no guhuza imbaraga za minisiteri zigabanuka; Ibigize bigira ingaruka kumurambararo wumye wumye, byongera kugabanuka kwa minisiteri. Wang Jun n'abandi. yize ku ngaruka za bentonite na selulose ether ku bipimo bitandukanye byerekana imikorere ya minisiteri ivanze. Mu rwego rwo kwemeza imikorere myiza ya minisiteri, hanzuwe ko igipimo cyiza cya bentonite kingana na 10kg / m3, kandi igipimo cya selile ether kiri hejuru. Igipimo cyiza ni 0,05% yumubare wuzuye wibikoresho bya sima. Muri iri gereranya, ifu yuzuye ivanze na byombi igira ingaruka nziza kumikorere yuzuye ya minisiteri.
1.4 Cellulose Ether
Cellulose ether yakomotse ku gusobanura inkuta z’ibimera n’umuhinzi w’Abafaransa Anselme Payon mu myaka ya 1830. Ihingurwa no gukora selile kuva mubiti na pamba hamwe na soda ya caustic, hanyuma ukongeramo imiti ya etherification kugirango imiti ikorwe. Kuberako selile ya selile ifite amazi meza hamwe ningaruka zo kubyimba, kongeramo agace gato ka selile ya sima kuri sima birashobora kunoza imikorere yimikorere ya minisiteri ivanze. Mu bikoresho bishingiye kuri sima, ubwoko bukunze gukoreshwa muri selile ya selile harimo methyl selulose ether (MC), hydroxyethyl selulose ether (HEC), hydroxyethyl methyl selulose ether (HEMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose Hydroxypropyl methyl selulose ether na hydroxyethyl methyl selulose ether. Byakoreshejwe.
Hydroxypropyl methyl selulose ether (HPMC) igira uruhare runini mumazi, gufata amazi hamwe nimbaraga zo guhuza imbaraga za minisiteri. Ibisubizo byerekana ko ether ya selile ishobora kunoza cyane gufata amazi ya minisiteri, kugabanya ubudahangarwa bwa minisiteri, no kugira ingaruka nziza yo kudindiza; iyo ingano ya hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether iri hagati ya 0.02% na 0.04% ,, imbaraga za minisiteri ziragabanuka cyane. Cellulose ether ikina umwuka winjiza kandi ikanoza imikorere ya minisiteri. Kugumana amazi yayo bigabanya urwego rwa minisiteri kandi bikongerera igihe cyo gukora cya minisiteri. Nibisanzwe bishobora kunoza neza imikorere ya minisiteri; ubushakashatsi Muri icyo gihe, byagaragaye kandi ko ibikubiye muri selile ya selile bitagomba kuba hejuru cyane. Niba ari ndende cyane, umwuka wa minisiteri uziyongera cyane, bigatuma igabanuka ryubucucike, gutakaza imbaraga ningaruka kumiterere ya minisiteri. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko kongeramo ether ya selile itezimbere cyane kugumana amazi ya minisiteri, kandi icyarimwe bigira ingaruka zikomeye zo kugabanya amazi kuri minisiteri. Cellulose ether irashobora kandi kugabanya ubucucike bwimvange ya minisiteri, ikongerera igihe cyagenwe, kandi igateza imbaraga zo guhuza no kwikuramo. gabanya. Cellulose ether na krahisi ether nibintu bibiri bikunze gukoreshwa muburyo bwo kubaka minisiteri.
Nyamara, kubera ubwoko bwinshi bwa selile ya selile, ibipimo bya molekile nabyo biratandukanye, bikavamo itandukaniro rinini mumikorere ya sima yahinduwe. Imbaraga za sima ya sima yahinduwe hamwe na selulose ether hamwe nubwiza bwinshi buri hasi aho. Iyo ibiri muri selile ya selile yiyongereye, imbaraga zo kwikuramo sima ya sima yerekana inzira yo kugabanuka hanyuma amaherezo igahagarara, mugihe imbaraga zihindagurika zerekana kwiyongera, kugabanuka, guhagarara no guhagarara neza. Kwiyongera buhoro buhoro inzira yo guhindura.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-02-2023