Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) ningirakamaro yingirakamaro ya selile ya selile ya ether, ikoreshwa cyane mubuvuzi, ibikoresho byubaka, ibiryo, ibifuniko nizindi nganda. HPMC ifite umubyimba mwiza, emulisifike, gukora firime, kuvomera, gutuza hamwe nibindi bintu, bityo ifite agaciro gakomeye mubikorwa byinshi. Ibikoresho nyamukuru bibyara umusaruro HPMC birimo selile, hydroxide ya sodium, okiside ya propylene, methyl chloride namazi.
1. Cellulose
Cellulose ni ibikoresho by'ibanze by'ibanze bya HPMC, ubusanzwe biva mu miterere y'ibimera bisanzwe nka pamba n'ibiti. Cellulose ni polymer karemano nyinshi cyane kwisi. Imiterere ya molekulire ni urunigi rurerure rwa polysaccharide igizwe na glucose igizwe na β-1,4-glycosidic. Cellulose ubwayo ntishobora gushonga mumazi kandi ntabwo ifite reaction nziza. Kubwibyo, urukurikirane rwibikorwa byo guhindura imiti birasabwa kugirango byongere imbaraga kandi bikore kugirango bategure ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bya selile.
2. Hydroxide ya Sodium (NaOH)
Sodium hydroxide, izwi kandi nka soda ya caustic, ni uruganda rukomeye rwa alkaline rufite uruhare runini nka alkalizer mugikorwa cyo gukora HPMC. Mugihe cyambere cyo kubyara, selile ikora hamwe na sodium hydroxide yumuti kugirango ikore amatsinda ya hydroxyl kumurongo wa selile ya selile, bityo itange ibibanza byerekana reaction ya etherification. Iyi ntambwe nayo yitwa "alkalisation reaction". Selulose ya alkalize ihura nimpinduka zubaka, bigatuma byoroha kubyitwaramo nyuma yimiti (nka okiside ya propylene na methyl chloride).
3. Okiside ya propylene (C3H6O)
Okiside ya propylene ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bitanga ingufu mu musaruro wa HPMC, ahanini bikoreshwa mu guhindura amatsinda ya hydroxyl muri selile muri hydroxypropyl. By'umwihariko, alkalize selulose ikora hamwe na oxyde ya propylene mugihe cy'ubushyuhe nubushyuhe runaka, kandi amatsinda ya epoxy akora muri okiside ya propylene ahuza urunigi rwa molekile ya selile binyuze mu gufungura impeta kugirango habeho insimburangingo ya hydroxypropyl. Iyi nzira iha HPMC amazi meza yo gukomera hamwe nubushobozi bwo kubyimba.
4. Methyl chloride (CH3Cl)
Methyl chloride niyindi mikorere yingenzi ya etherifying ikoreshwa muguhindura hydroxyl matsinda ya selile mumatsinda ya mikorerexyl. Methyl chloride ikora hamwe nitsinda rya hydroxyl kumurongo wa selile ya selile ikoresheje nucleophilique yo gusimbuza methyl selile. Binyuze muri iyi methylation reaction, HPMC ibona hydrophobicity nziza, cyane cyane yerekana imbaraga zidasanzwe mumashanyarazi amwe. Mubyongeyeho, kumenyekanisha amatsinda ya mikorerexy birusheho kunoza imitunganyirize ya firime no gutuza imiti ya HPMC.
5. Amazi
Amazi, nkumuti wo gukemura no gukemura, unyura mubikorwa byose bya HPMC. Mubisubizo bya alkalisation na etherification, amazi ntabwo afasha gusa gushonga hydroxide ya sodium no guhindura imiterere ya selile ya selile, ariko kandi agira uruhare mukugenzura ubushyuhe bwa reaction kugirango harebwe ubushyuhe mubihe byose. Isuku y’amazi igira uruhare runini ku bwiza bwa HPMC, kandi amazi arasukurwa cyane cyangwa amazi meza.
6. Umuti wumuti
Mubikorwa byo kubyaza umusaruro HPMC, intambwe zimwe na zimwe zishobora nanone gusaba gukoresha imiti imwe n'imwe, nka methanol cyangwa Ethanol. Ibi bishishwa rimwe na rimwe bikoreshwa muguhindura ubwiza bwa sisitemu yo kubyitwaramo, kugabanya imiterere yibisubizo byibicuruzwa, cyangwa guteza imbere imiti yihariye. Guhitamo ibishishwa kama bigomba kugenwa hakenewe inzira yumusaruro no gukoresha ibicuruzwa byanyuma.
7. Ibindi bikoresho bifasha
Usibye ibikoresho by'ibanze byavuzwe haruguru, mubikorwa nyabyo byakozwe, ibikoresho bimwe byunganira ninyongeramusaruro, nka catalizator, stabilisateur, nibindi, birashobora gukoreshwa mugutezimbere imikorere, kugenzura igipimo cyibikorwa cyangwa kunoza imiterere yumubiri na chimique y'ibicuruzwa byanyuma.
8. Intambwe zingenzi zuburyo bwo gukora
Intambwe nyamukuru yo kubyara HPMC irashobora kugabanywamo ibice bitatu: alkalisation, etherification no kuvura kutabogama. Ubwa mbere, selile ikora hamwe na hydroxide ya sodium kugirango ihindurwe kugirango ikore selile selile. Noneho, etherification ibaho mugihe reaction ya alkali selulose hamwe na okiside ya propylene na methyl chloride kugirango ikore hydroxypropyl na methoxy yasimbuye selile. Hanyuma, binyuze muburyo bwo kutabogama, gukaraba, gukama nibindi bikorwa, ibicuruzwa bya HPMC bifite ibisubizo byihariye, ibishishwa nibindi biranga.
9. Ingaruka yubwiza bwibikoresho fatizo kumikorere yibicuruzwa bya HPMC
Inkomoko yibikoresho bitandukanye nubuziranenge bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere no mumikorere ya HPMC yanyuma. Kurugero, isuku nuburemere bwa molekuline ikwirakwiza ibikoresho fatizo bya selile bizagira ingaruka kumyuka no gukomera kwa HPMC; ibipimo bya reaction na reaction ya propylene oxyde na methyl chloride bizagena urugero rwa hydroxypropyl na methoxy yo gusimbuza, bityo bikagira ingaruka kumubyimba no gukora firime yibicuruzwa. Kubwibyo, guhitamo no kugenzura ubuziranenge bwibikoresho fatizo ningirakamaro mugihe cyo gukora.
Ibikoresho by'ibanze bya hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) birimo selile, hydroxide ya sodium, okiside ya propylene, methyl chloride n'amazi. Binyuze murukurikirane rwimiti igoye, ibyo bikoresho bibisi bihindurwa mubintu bikora bifite agaciro gakomeye. Urutonde rwa HPMC rukubiyemo imirima myinshi nkubuvuzi, ibikoresho byubaka, nibiryo. Imiterere myiza yumubiri nubumashini bituma iba ingenzi mubikorwa byinshi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-30-2024