Thickener, izwi kandi nka gelling agent, nanone yitwa paste cyangwa kole y'ibiryo iyo ikoreshejwe mubiryo. Igikorwa cyacyo nyamukuru nukwongera ububobere bwa sisitemu yibikoresho, kugumisha sisitemu yibintu muburyo bumwe kandi butajegajega cyangwa guhagarikwa, cyangwa gukora gel. Inkoko zirashobora kongera vuba ubwiza bwibicuruzwa iyo bikoreshejwe. Byinshi muburyo bwibikorwa byibyimbye ni ugukoresha imiterere ya macromolekulari kugirango ugere ku ntego yo kubyimba cyangwa gukora micelles n'amazi kugirango ube urwego rwibice bitatu byububiko. Ifite ibiranga dosiye nkeya, gusaza vuba no gutuza neza, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mubiribwa, gutwikira, gufata, kwisiga, kwisiga, gucapa no gusiga irangi, gushakisha amavuta, reberi, ubuvuzi nizindi nzego. Ububyimbye bwa mbere bwari amazi ya elegitoroniki ya reberi, ariko kuyikoresha byari bike kubera igiciro cyayo kinini kubera dosiye nini n’ibisohoka bike. Igisekuru cya kabiri cyibyimbye nacyo cyitwa emulisiyasi yibyibushye, cyane cyane nyuma yo kuvuka kwamavuta-amazi ya emulisiyasi, yakoreshejwe cyane mubice bimwe na bimwe byinganda. Nyamara, emulisiyasi yibyibushye igomba gukoresha kerosine nyinshi, itangiza ibidukikije gusa, ahubwo inabangamira umutekano mukubyara no kubishyira mubikorwa. Hashingiwe kuri ibyo bibazo, umubyimba wa sintetike wasohotse, cyane cyane gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa ibibyimba bya sintetike byakozwe na copolymerisation ya monomers soluble monomers nka acide acrylic hamwe nubunini bukwiye bwa monomers ihuza iterambere.
Ubwoko bwibibyibushye hamwe nuburyo bwo kubyimba
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibibyimbye, bushobora kugabanywamo polimeri kama nimborera, na polymers kama irashobora kugabanywamo polimeri karemano na polymereque.
Ibyinshi mubyimbye bya polymer nibisanzwe ni polysaccharide, ifite amateka maremare yo gukoresha nubwoko bwinshi, cyane cyane harimo ether ya selulose, gum arabic, carob gum, guar gum, xanthan gum, chitosan, aside alginic Sodium hamwe nibicuruzwa byayo, nibindi. . Sodium carboxymethyl selulose (CMC), Ethyl selulose (EC), hydroxyethyl selulose (HEC), hydroxypropyl selulose (HPC), methyl hydroxyethyl selulose (MHEC) mubicuruzwa bya selile) na methyl hydroxypropyl selulose (MHPC) bizwi nka glitike ya methyl. , kandi zagiye zikoreshwa cyane mu gucukura amavuta, kubaka, gutwikira, ibiryo, imiti n'imiti ya buri munsi. Ubu bwoko bwibyimbye bukozwe muburyo bwa polymer selile selile ikoresheje imiti. Zhu Ganghui yizera ko sodium carboxymethyl selulose (CMC) na hydroxyethyl selulose (HEC) aribicuruzwa bikoreshwa cyane mubicuruzwa bya selile. Nitsinda hydroxyl na etherification yitsinda rya anhydroglucose kumurongo wa selile. (Acide Chloroacetic cyangwa Ethylene oxyde) reaction. Ibibyimba bya selile byabyimbye hamwe no kwagura iminyururu ndende. Uburyo bwo kubyimba nuburyo bukurikira: urunigi nyamukuru rwa molekile ya selile ihuza na molekile zamazi zikikije amazi ya hydrogène, ibyo bikaba byongera ubwinshi bwamazi ya polymer ubwayo, bityo bikongera ubwinshi bwa polymer ubwayo. Sisitemu. Igisubizo cyacyo cyamazi ni amazi atari Newtonian, kandi ubwiza bwayo burahinduka nigipimo cyogosha kandi ntaho gihuriye nigihe. Ubukonje bwibisubizo byiyongera byihuse hamwe no kwiyongera kwinshi, kandi nikimwe mubikoreshwa cyane mubyimbye hamwe ninyongeramusaruro.
Cumic guar gum ni kopolymer isanzwe ikurwa mubihingwa bya leguminine, bifite imiterere ya cationic surfactant na polymer resin. Isura yacyo ni ifu yumuhondo yoroheje, idafite impumuro nziza cyangwa impumuro nziza. Igizwe na 80% polysaccharide D2 mannose na D2 galactose hamwe na 2∀1 ndende ya molekile ya polymer. Igisubizo cyacyo cya 1% gifite viscosity ya 4000 ~ 5000mPas. Amashanyarazi ya Xanthan, azwi kandi ku izina rya xanthan, ni anionic polymer polysaccharide polymer yakozwe na fermentation ya krahisi. Irashobora gushonga mumazi akonje cyangwa mumazi ashyushye, ariko ntigishobora gukomera muri rusange. Ikiranga amase ya xanthan ni uko ishobora kugumana ubukonje bumwe ku bushyuhe bwa 0 ~ 100, kandi iracyafite ubukonje bwinshi ku gipimo gito, kandi gifite ubushyuhe bwiza. ), iracyafite imbaraga zo gukomera no gushikama, kandi irashobora guhuzwa numunyu mwinshi mwinshi mugisubizo, kandi irashobora gutanga ingaruka zikomeye mugihe ikoreshwa hamwe na acide polyacrylic. Chitin nigicuruzwa gisanzwe, polymer ya glucosamine, hamwe nubunini bwa cationic.
Sodium alginate (C6H7O8Na) n igizwe ahanini n umunyu wa sodium wa acide ya alginic, igizwe na acide aL mannuronic (M unit) na aside bD guluronic (G unit) ihujwe na 1,4 glycosidique kandi igizwe nibice bitandukanye bya GGGMMM. abandukuzi. Sodium alginate niyo ikoreshwa cyane mubyimbye kugirango icapwe irangi. Imyenda yacapwe ifite ishusho nziza, imirongo isobanutse, umusaruro mwinshi wamabara, umusaruro wamabara amwe, uburyo bwiza na plastike. Yakoreshejwe cyane mugucapisha ipamba, ubwoya, ubudodo, nylon nibindi bitambara.
ubukorikori bwa polymer
1. Imiti ihuza imiti ihuza polymer
Kwiyongera kwa sintetike kurubu kugurishwa cyane kandi kwagutse cyane kubicuruzwa ku isoko. Byinshi muribi binini ni microchemiki ihuza polymers, idashonga mumazi, kandi irashobora gukurura amazi gusa kubyimba kubyimba. Umuvuduko wa acide Polyacrylic ni umubyimba ukoreshwa cyane, kandi muburyo bwa synthesis harimo na polymerisiyasi ya emulsiyo, polymerisiyasi ya emulsiyo na polymerisiyasi yimvura. Ubu bwoko bwo kubyibuha bwatejwe imbere byihuse kubera ingaruka zabyo zihuta, igiciro gito na dosiye nke. Kugeza ubu, ubu bwoko bwibyimbye bukorwa na polymer eshatu cyangwa zirenga, kandi monomer nyamukuru muri rusange ni monomer ikabura amazi, nka acide acrylic, acide manic cyangwa anhydride ya manic, aside methacrylic, acrylamide na acrylamide 2. 2-methyl propane sulfonate, nibindi.; monomer ya kabiri muri rusange ni acrylate cyangwa styrene; monomer ya gatatu ni monomer ifite ingaruka zo guhuza, nka N, N methylenebisacrylamide, butylene diacrylate ester cyangwa dipropylene phthalate, nibindi.
Uburyo bwo kubyibuha bwa acide polyacrylic aside ifite ubwoko bubiri: kubyibuha bitagira aho bibogamiye hamwe no guhuza hydrogene. Kutabogama no kubyimba ni uguhindura aside aside ya acide polyacrylic hamwe na alkali kugirango ionize molekile zayo kandi ikabyara ibicuruzwa bibi kumurongo munini wa polymer, bishingiye ku kwanga hagati y’amafaranga y’abahuje ibitsina kugira ngo uteze imbere urunigi rwa molekile irambuye Gufungura urusobe. imiterere kugirango igere ku ngaruka. Hydrogen ihuza umubyimba ni uko molekile ya acide polyacrylic ihuza amazi kugirango ikore molekile ya hydration, hanyuma igahuza nabaterankunga ba hydroxyl nka surfactants itari ionic hamwe nitsinda rya 5 cyangwa rirenga. Binyuze mu mibonano mpuzabitsina imwe ya electrostatike yanga ya karubonike, urunigi rwa molekile. Kwaguka guhindagurika guhinduka nkinkoni, kuburyo iminyururu ya molekile yagoramye idafunguye muri sisitemu yo mumazi kugirango habeho imiterere y'urusobekerane kugirango igere ku ngaruka. Polimerisiyasi itandukanye pH agaciro, kutabogama hamwe nuburemere bwa molekuline bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumubyimba wa sisitemu yo kubyimba. Byongeye kandi, organic organique electrolytite irashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kumubyimba wubwoko bwikibyimbye, ion monovalent irashobora kugabanya gusa umubyimba wimikorere ya sisitemu, ion ihwanye cyangwa iringaniye ntishobora kunaniza sisitemu gusa, ahubwo ikanatanga imvura idashonga. Kubwibyo, electrolyte irwanya polycarboxylate yibyibushye irakennye cyane, bigatuma bidashoboka gukoreshwa mubice nko gukoresha peteroli.
Mu nganda aho umubyimba ukoreshwa cyane, nk'imyenda, ubushakashatsi bwa peteroli hamwe no kwisiga, ibisabwa mu mikorere yibyimbye nko kurwanya electrolyte no kubyibuha ni byinshi cyane. Umubyimba wateguwe nigisubizo polymerisation mubusanzwe ufite uburemere buke bwa molekile, ibyo bigatuma gukora neza bigabanuka kandi ntibishobora kuzuza ibisabwa mubikorwa bimwe na bimwe byinganda. Umubyimba mwinshi wa molekuline urashobora kuboneka ukoresheje emulion polymerisation, inversion emulsion polymerisation hamwe nubundi buryo bwa polymerisation. Bitewe na electrolyte idahwitse yumunyu wa sodium witsinda rya carboxyl, ukongeraho monomers itari ionic cyangwa cationic monomers hamwe na monomers hamwe na electrolyte ikomeye (nka monomers irimo amatsinda ya acide sulfonique) mubice bya polymer birashobora kuzamura cyane ubwiza bwikibyimba. Kurwanya electrolyte bituma yujuje ibisabwa mu nganda nko kugarura amavuta ya kaminuza. Kuva polimerisiyasi ya emulsiyasi itangira mu 1962, polymerisiyumu ya aside irike ya polyacrylic na polyacrylamide yiganjemo polymerisiyasi ya emulsiyo. Yahimbye uburyo bwa emulsion copolymerisation irimo azote irimo na polyoxyethylene cyangwa ubundi buryo bwa cololymerisation hamwe na polyoxypropylene polymerized surfactant, guhuza imiyoboro hamwe na acide acrylic monomer kugirango utegure emulioni ya acide polyacrylic nkibyimbye, kandi bigera kuri anti-electrolyte nziza. imikorere. Arianna Benetti n'abandi. yakoresheje uburyo bwa polimerisiyasi ya emulsiyasi ihindagurika kugirango yandukure acide acrylic, monomers irimo amatsinda ya acide sulfonique na monomers cationic kugirango bahimbe umubyimba wo kwisiga. Bitewe no kwinjiza amatsinda ya acide sulfonique hamwe nu munyu wa kane wa ammonium hamwe nubushobozi bukomeye bwo kurwanya electrolyte muburyo bwo kubyimba, polymer yateguwe ifite umubyimba mwiza kandi urwanya anti-electrolyte. Martial Pabon n'abandi. yakoresheje inversion emulsion polymerisation kugirango copolymerize sodium acrylate, acrylamide na isooctylphenol polyoxyethylene methacrylate macromonomers kugirango bategure hydrophobique ishyirahamwe hydrophobique amazi-ashonga cyane. Charles A. nibindi yakoresheje acide acrylic na acrylamide nka comonomers kugirango abone uburemere buke bwa molekuline ikabije na polymerisiyasi ya emulsion. Zhao Junzi hamwe nabandi bakoresheje igisubizo polymerisation hamwe na emulsiyasi ya emulsiyasi ihindagurika kugirango bahuze hydrophobic association polyacrylate umubyimba, kandi bagereranya inzira ya polymerisiyonike nibikorwa byibicuruzwa. Ibisubizo byerekana ko, ugereranije nigisubizo cya polymerisation hamwe na polymerisiyasi ya emulsiyasi ya aside ya acrylic na stearyl acrylate, hydrophobic association monomer ikomatanya ikomoka kuri acide acrylic hamwe na alcool yamavuta polyoxyethylene ether irashobora kunozwa neza na polimerisiyasi ya emulsiyasi na acrylic acolylic. Electrolyte irwanya umubyimba. We Ping yaganiriye ku bibazo byinshi bijyanye no gutegura aside polyacrylic yiyongera hakoreshejwe polymerisiyasi ya emulsion. Muri iyi nyandiko, amphoteric copolymer yakoreshejwe nka stabilisateur na methylenebisacrylamide yakoreshejwe nk'umuntu uhuza ibice kugira ngo atangize ammonium acrylate yo mu bwoko bwa emulsiyasi ya polymerisiyasi kugira ngo ategure umubyimba mwinshi wo gucapa pigment. Ingaruka za stabilisateur zitandukanye, abatangiza, abakomisiyoneri hamwe nuhererekanya urunigi kuri polymerisation barizwe. Hagaragajwe ko copolymer ya lauryl methacrylate na acide acrylic ishobora gukoreshwa nka stabilisateur, kandi abatangizi ba redox bombi, benzoyldimethylaniline peroxide na sodium tert-butyl hydroperoxide metabisulfite, bombi bashobora gutangiza polymerisation kandi bakabona ubwiza runaka. umweru. Kandi byizerwa ko kurwanya umunyu wa ammonium acrylate copolymerized hamwe na acrylamide iri munsi ya 15% byiyongera.
2. Hydrophobi ishyirahamwe synthique polymer yibyibushye
Nubwo imiti ya acide polyacrylic ihuza imiti yakoreshejwe cyane, nubwo hiyongereyeho monomers irimo amatsinda ya acide sulfonique yibigize umubyimba urashobora kunoza imikorere ya anti-electrolyte, haracyari byinshi mubyimbye byubwoko. Inenge, nka thixotropy mbi ya sisitemu yo kubyimba, nibindi. Uburyo bunoze ni ukumenyekanisha amatsinda mato ya hydrophobique mumurongo wacyo wa hydrophilique kugirango uhuze hydrophobic Associative thickeners. Hydrophobic Associative thickeners niyashya yateye imbere mumyaka yashize. Hariho ibice bya hydrophilique hamwe nitsinda rya lipofilique mumiterere ya molekile, yerekana ibikorwa runaka byubuso. Umubyimba wa Associative ufite imyunyu ngugu iruta iyindi. Ni ukubera ko ishyirahamwe ryamatsinda ya hydrophobique irwanya igice cyo kurwanya kugabanuka guterwa ningaruka zo gukingira ion, cyangwa inzitizi ya steric iterwa numurongo muremure kuruhande igice kigabanya intege ion-gukingira. Ingaruka yishyirahamwe ifasha kunoza rheologiya yibyibushye, bigira uruhare runini mubikorwa byo gusaba. Usibye hydrophobic Associative thickensers hamwe nuburyo bumwe buvugwa mubitabo, Tian Dating et al. yatangaje kandi ko hexadecyl methacrylate, hydrophobique monomer irimo iminyururu miremire, yakoreshwaga na acide acrylic kugirango itegure umubyimba wa Associate ugizwe na binary copolymers. Kwiyongera. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko umubare munini wa monomers wambukiranya hamwe na hydrophobique maremare maremare ashobora kongera ubwiza. Ingaruka ya methacrylate ya hexadecyl (HM) muri hydrophobique monomer iruta iya lauryl methacrylate (LM). Imikorere ya Associative crosslinked thickensers irimo hydrophobique ndende-monomers monomers iruta iyindi idahuza ibibyimba. Hashingiwe kuri ibyo, itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi ryanashushanyije umubyimba ufatika urimo aside acrylic / acrylamide / hexadecyl methacrylate terpolymer na polymerisiyasi ya emulsioni. Ibisubizo byerekanye ko hydrophobic association ya cetyl methacrylate hamwe ningaruka itari ionic ya propionamide irashobora kunoza imikorere yibyimbye.
Ishyirahamwe rya Hydrophobique polyurethane (HEUR) naryo ryateye imbere cyane mumyaka yashize. Ibyiza byayo ntabwo byoroshye hydrolyze, viscosity ihamye nibikorwa byiza byubwubatsi muburyo butandukanye bwa progaramu nka pH agaciro nubushyuhe. Uburyo bwo kubyimba bwa polyurethane bwiyongera cyane cyane bitewe nuburyo bwihariye bwihariye bwa polymer eshatu zifata muburyo bwa lipofilique-hydrophilic-lipophilic, kuburyo urunigi rwumunyururu ari amatsinda ya lipofilique (ubusanzwe amatsinda ya hydrocarubone ya alifatique), naho hagati ni hydrophilique ya hydrophilique igice (mubisanzwe uburemere buke bwa polyethylene glycol). Ingaruka yubunini bwamatsinda ya hydrophobique kumubyimba wa HEUR yarizwe. Hifashishijwe uburyo butandukanye bwo gupima, polyethylene glycol ifite uburemere bwa molekuline 4000 yafashwe na octanol, inzoga ya dodecyl na alcool ya octadecyl, kandi ugereranije na buri tsinda rya hydrophobique. Ingano ya Micelle yashizweho na HEUR mugisubizo cyamazi. Ibisubizo byerekanaga ko iminyururu ngufi ya hydrophobique itari ihagije kugirango HEUR ikore microfele hydrophobique kandi ingaruka zo kubyimba ntabwo zari nziza. Muri icyo gihe, ugereranije inzoga ya stearyl na lauryl alcool yarangiye polyethylene glycol, ingano ya micelles ya mbere nini cyane ugereranije niyanyuma, hanyuma hanzurwa ko igice kinini cyumunyururu wa hydrophobique gifite ingaruka nziza yo kubyimba.
Ahantu ho gusaba
Gucapa no gusiga irangi
Ingaruka nziza yo gucapa hamwe nubwiza bwimyandikire yimyenda na pigment biterwa ahanini nigikorwa cyo gucapa paste, kandi kongeramo umubyimba bigira uruhare runini mubikorwa byayo. Ongeraho umubyimba urashobora gutuma ibicuruzwa byacapwe bigira umusaruro mwinshi wamabara, ibicapo bisobanutse neza, ibara ryera kandi ryuzuye, kandi bigateza imbere na thixotropy yibicuruzwa. Mubihe byashize, ibinyamisogwe bisanzwe cyangwa sodium alginate byakoreshwaga nkibibyimbye byo gucapa paste. Bitewe ningorabahizi yo gukora paste iva mubitaka bisanzwe hamwe nigiciro kinini cya sodium alginate, isimburwa buhoro buhoro no gucapa acrylic no gusiga irangi. Acide ya Anionic polyacrylic ifite ingaruka nziza yo kubyimba kandi kuri ubu niyo ikoreshwa cyane mubyimbye, ariko ubu bwoko bwibyimbye buracyafite inenge, nko kurwanya electrolyte, ibara rya paste thixotropy, hamwe numusaruro wamabara mugihe cyo gucapa. Impuzandengo ntabwo ari nziza. Uburyo bunoze ni ukumenyekanisha amatsinda mato ya hydrophobi mumurongo wacyo wa hydrophilique kugirango uhuze ibyiyumvo bifatika. Kugeza ubu, icapiro ryimyororokere ku isoko ryimbere mu gihugu rishobora kugabanywa mubyimbye karemano, kubyibuha kwa emulisiyonike no kubyimbye bya sintetike ukurikije ibikoresho fatizo bitandukanye nuburyo bwo gutegura. Benshi, kubera ko ibiyirimo bikomeye bishobora kuba hejuru ya 50%, ingaruka zo kubyimba ni nziza cyane.
irangi rishingiye ku mazi
Mu buryo bukwiriye kongeramo umubyimba mwirangi birashobora guhindura neza ibiranga amazi ya sisitemu yo gusiga irangi kandi bigahinduka thixotropic, bityo bigatuma irangi rifite ububiko bwiza kandi bukora neza. Umubyimba ufite imikorere myiza irashobora kongera ubwiza bwikibiriti mugihe cyo kubika, bikabuza gutandukanya igifuniko, kandi bikagabanya ubukonje mugihe cyo kwihuta cyane, kongera ubwiza bwa firime yo gutwikira nyuma yo gutwikira, kandi bikarinda kubaho kugabanuka. Ibibyimba gakondo bisiga amarangi akenshi bikoresha amazi ya elegitoronike, nka hydroxyethyl selile. Byongeye kandi, umubyimba wa polymeric urashobora kandi gukoreshwa muguhashya kugumana ubushuhe mugihe cyo gutwikira ibicuruzwa byimpapuro. Kubaho kubyimbye birashobora gutuma ubuso bwimpapuro zometse neza kandi buringaniye. By'umwihariko kubyimba kwa emuliyoni (HASE) kubyimbye bifite imikorere irwanya anti-flash kandi birashobora gukoreshwa hamwe nubundi bwoko bwibibyimbye kugirango bigabanye cyane ububobere bwubuso bwimpapuro. Kurugero, irangi rya latex rikunze guhura nikibazo cyo gutandukanya amazi mugihe cyo gukora, gutwara, kubika, no kubaka. Nubwo gutandukanya amazi bishobora gutinda mukwongerera ububobere nogukwirakwiza irangi rya latex, ibyo bihinduka akenshi bigarukira, kandi nibyingenzi Cyangwa binyuze muguhitamo kubyimbye no guhuza kugirango bikemure iki kibazo.
gukuramo amavuta
Mu kuvoma amavuta, kugirango tubone umusaruro mwinshi, ubworoherane bwamazi runaka (nkimbaraga za hydraulic, nibindi) bikoreshwa mugucamo ibice byamazi. Amazi yitwa kuvunika amazi cyangwa kuvunika. Intego yo kuvunika ni ugukora imvune zifite ubunini nubunini mu mikorere, kandi intsinzi yayo ifitanye isano rya hafi n’imikorere y’amazi yamenetse yakoreshejwe. Amazi yamenetse arimo amazi yamenetse ashingiye kumazi, amavuta yamenetse ashingiye kumavuta, amavuta avunika ashingiye kuri alcool, amavuta yamenetse yamenetse, hamwe namazi yamenetse. Muri byo, amazi yamenetse ashingiye kumazi afite ibyiza byo guhendwa n'umutekano muke, kandi kuri ubu arakoreshwa cyane. Thickener ninyongeramusaruro nyamukuru mumazi yamenetse ashingiye kumazi, kandi iterambere ryayo ryanyuze hafi yikinyejana, ariko kubona amazi avunika cyane hamwe nibikorwa byiza byahoze ari icyerekezo cyubushakashatsi bwintiti mugihugu ndetse no mumahanga. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwamazi ashingiye kumazi yamenetse ya polymer polymer ikoreshwa muri iki gihe, ashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: polysaccharide karemano nibiyikomokaho hamwe na polimeri yubukorikori. Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoroji yo gukuramo peteroli no kwiyongera kwingorane zamabuye y'agaciro, abantu bashyizeho ibyifuzo bishya kandi byisumbuyeho kugirango amazi avunike. Kuberako zihuza cyane nibidukikije bigoye kuruta polysaccharide karemano, umubyimba wa polymer syntique uzagira uruhare runini mubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane kuvunika neza.
Imiti ya buri munsi nibiryo
Kugeza ubu, hari ubwoko burenga 200 bwibibyimba bikoreshwa mu nganda za chimique ya buri munsi, cyane cyane harimo imyunyu ngugu, surfactants, polymers soluble polymers hamwe na alcool ya fatty / acide fatty. Zikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho byo kwisiga, kwisiga, koza amenyo nibindi bicuruzwa. Byongeye kandi, umubyimba ukoreshwa cyane mu nganda zibiribwa. Zikoreshwa cyane cyane mugutezimbere no gutuza imiterere yumubiri cyangwa ubwoko bwibiryo, kongera ubwiza bwibiryo, guha ibiryo uburyohe kandi buryoshye, kandi bigira uruhare mukubyimba, gutuza no guhuza ibitsina. , emulizing gel, guhisha, uburyohe no kuryoshya. Inkoko zikoreshwa mu nganda z’ibiribwa zirimo umubyimba karemano ukomoka ku nyamaswa n’ibimera, hamwe n’ibibyimbye bya sintetike nka CMCNa na propylene glycol alginate. Mubyongeyeho, umubyimba wanakoreshejwe cyane mubuvuzi, gukora impapuro, ububumbyi, gutunganya uruhu, amashanyarazi, nibindi.
2.Kubyimba bidasanzwe
Ibibyimbye bidasanzwe birimo ibyiciro bibiri byuburemere buke bwa molekuline nuburemere buke bwa molekile, kandi umubyimba muto wa molekuline ni ibisubizo byamazi byumunyu wa organic organique na surfactants. Imyunyu ngugu ikoreshwa ubu irimo cyane cyane sodium chloride, potasiyumu chloride, ammonium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium fosifate na pentasodium triphosphate, muri byo harimo chloride ya sodium na amonium chloride bigira ingaruka nziza zo kubyimba. Ihame shingiro nuko surfactants ikora micelles mugisubizo cyamazi, kandi kuba electrolytite ihari byongera umubare wamashyirahamwe ya micelles, bikavamo ihinduka ryimiterere ya mikorobe ihinduka mikorobe imeze nkinkoni, bikongerera imbaraga zo kugenda, bityo bikongerera ububobere bwa sisitemu. . Ariko, mugihe electrolyte irenze urugero, bizagira ingaruka kumiterere ya micellar, bigabanye guhangana ningendo, bityo bigabanye ubukonje bwa sisitemu, aribyo bita ingaruka zumunyu.
Uburemere buke bwa molekuline burimo bentonite, attapulgite, silikumu ya aluminium, sepiolite, hectorite, nibindi. Muri byo, bentonite ifite agaciro k’ubucuruzi cyane. Uburyo nyamukuru bwo kubyimba bugizwe na thixotropic gel minerval yabyimba ikurura amazi. Amabuye y'agaciro muri rusange afite imiterere cyangwa urwego rwagutse. Iyo ikwirakwijwe mumazi, ion zicyuma zirimo ziratandukana na kirisiti ya lamellar, ikabyimba hamwe niterambere ryamazi, hanyuma amaherezo igatandukana rwose na kristu ya lamellar kugirango ihagarike colloidal. amazi. Muri iki gihe, hejuru ya kirisiti ya lamellar ifite umuriro mubi, kandi imfuruka zayo zifite umubare muto w'amafaranga meza bitewe no kugaragara hejuru y’imvune. Mu gisubizo cyoroshye, ibiciro bibi hejuru yubunini ni binini kuruta ibiciro byiza ku mfuruka, kandi ibice byisubiraho bitabyimbye. Ariko, hamwe no kwiyongera kwa electrolyte, kwishyurwa hejuru ya lamellae biragabanuka, kandi imikoranire hagati yuturemangingo ihinduka kuva imbaraga zanga hagati ya lamellae kugeza imbaraga zikurura hagati yumuriro mubi hejuru ya lamellae nibyiza. kwishyurwa kumpera. Uhagaritse cyane hamwe kugirango ukore inzu yamakarita yubatswe, bitera kubyimba kubyara gel kugirango bigere ku ngaruka. Muri iki gihe, gel idafite ingufu zishonga mumazi kugirango ikore gel tixotropique cyane. Byongeye kandi, bentonite irashobora gukora hydrogène ihuza igisubizo, ifasha mugushinga imiterere-yimiterere itatu. Inzira ya hydorganic gel hydrasique hamwe no gushinga inzu yamakarita irerekanwa mubishushanyo mbonera 1. Guhuza monomer za polymerized kuri montmorillonite kugirango wongere intera hagati, hanyuma muburyo bwa intercalation polymerisation hagati yabyo bishobora kubyara polymer / montmorillonite organic- Inorganic hybrid umubyimba. Iminyururu ya polymer irashobora kunyura mumpapuro za montmorillonite kugirango ikore umuyoboro wa polymer. Bwa mbere, Kazutoshi n'abandi. yakoresheje sodium ishingiye kuri montmorillonite nkumukozi uhuza ibikorwa kugirango amenyekanishe sisitemu ya polymer, kandi ategura montmorillonite ihuza ubushyuhe-hydrogel. Liu Hongyu n'abandi. yakoresheje sodium ishingiye kuri montmorillonite nkumukozi uhuza kugirango uhuze ubwoko bushya bwibyimbye hamwe nibikorwa byinshi birwanya anti-electrolyte, kandi ugerageza imikorere yibyibushye hamwe na anti-NaCl nibindi bikorwa bya electrolyte yibyimbye. Ibisubizo byerekana ko Na-montmorillonite-yambukiranya umubyimba ifite ibintu byiza birwanya anti-electrolyte. Hiyongereyeho kandi, hariho ibibyimbye hamwe nibindi binyabuzima byongera ibimera, nkibibyimbye bya sintetike byateguwe na M.Chtourou nibindi bikomoka ku binyabuzima biva mu myunyu ya amonium hamwe n’ibumba rya Tuniziya rya montmorillonite, rifite ingaruka nziza yo kubyimba.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-11-2023