Muri minisiteri yuzuye ivanze, ingano ya selile ya selile iri hasi cyane, ariko irashobora kunoza cyane imikorere ya minisiteri itose, kandi ninyongera nyamukuru igira ingaruka kumyubakire ya minisiteri. Guhitamo gushyira mu gaciro ethers ya selile yubwoko butandukanye, viscosities zitandukanye, ingano zingana zingana, dogere zitandukanye za viscosity hamwe n’amafaranga yongeweho bizagira ingaruka nziza kumikorere yimikorere ya poro yumye. Kugeza ubu, amabuye menshi yo kubumba no guhomeka afite imikorere idahwitse yo gufata amazi, kandi amazi yatandukanijwe nyuma yiminota mike ihagaze. Nkuko bigaragara hano hepfo:
Kubika amazi numutungo wingenzi wa methyl selulose ether, kandi ikoreshwa nabakora inganda zumye zumye mubushinwa. Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku gufata amazi ya minisiteri yumye yumye harimo ingano ya MC yongeweho, ubwiza bwa MC, ubwiza bwibice hamwe nubushyuhe bwibidukikije.
Cellulose ether ni polymer yubukorikori ikozwe muri selile naturel binyuze muburyo bwo guhindura imiti. Cellulose ether ni inkomoko ya selile naturel. Umusaruro wa selulose ether uratandukanye na polymrike ya synthique. Ibikoresho byibanze byingenzi ni selile, ibinyabuzima bisanzwe bya polymer. Bitewe numwihariko wimiterere ya selile isanzwe, selile ubwayo ntabwo ifite ubushobozi bwo kubyitwaramo na etherification. Ariko, nyuma yo kuvura imiti yabyimbye, imiyoboro ikomeye ya hydrogène iri hagati yiminyururu ya molekile n'iminyururu irasenyuka, kandi kurekura gukomeye kwitsinda hydroxyl bihinduka selile ya alkali selile. Shakisha selile.
Ibiranga selile ya selile biterwa n'ubwoko, umubare no gukwirakwiza insimburangingo. Itondekanya rya selile ya selile nayo ishingiye ku bwoko bwinsimburangingo, urwego rwa etherification, solubile hamwe nibisabwa bijyanye. Ukurikije ubwoko bwinsimburangingo kumurongo wa molekile, irashobora kugabanywamo monoether hamwe na ether ivanze. MC dusanzwe dukoresha ni imwe, kandi HPMC ivanze ether. Methyl selulose ether MC nigicuruzwa nyuma yitsinda rya hydroxyl kumurongo wa glucose ya selile ya selile isanzwe isimburwa na mikorerexy. Nibicuruzwa byabonetse mugusimbuza igice cyitsinda rya hydroxyl kumurongo hamwe nitsinda ryimikorere naho ikindi gice hamwe nitsinda rya hydroxypropyl. Imiterere yuburyo ni [C6H7O2 (OH) 3-mn (OCH3) m [OCH2CH (OH) CH3] n] x Hydroxyethyl methyl selulose ether HEMC, ubu ni ubwoko bwingenzi bukoreshwa cyane kandi bugurishwa ku isoko.
Kubijyanye no kwikemurira ibibazo, birashobora kugabanywamo ionic na non-ionic. Amazi ashonga adafite ionic selulose ethers agizwe ahanini nuruhererekane rwibintu bibiri bya alkyl ethers na hydroxyalkyl ethers. Ionic CMC ikoreshwa cyane cyane munganda zogukoresha, gucapa imyenda no gusiga irangi, ibiryo nubushakashatsi bwamavuta. MC idafite ionic MC, HPMC, HEMC, nibindi bikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho byubwubatsi, gutwikira latx, imiti, imiti ya buri munsi, nibindi bikoreshwa nkibibyibushye, bigumana amazi, stabilisateur, ikwirakwiza hamwe nogukora firime.
Kugumana amazi ya selulose ether: Mugukora ibikoresho byubwubatsi, cyane cyane ifu yumye yumye, selulose ether igira uruhare rudasubirwaho, cyane cyane mugukora minisiteri idasanzwe (minisiteri yahinduwe), nikintu cyingenzi kandi cyingenzi. Uruhare rwingenzi rwa selulose ether-ether-ether-ether muri minisiteri ahanini ifite ibintu bitatu, kimwe nubushobozi buhebuje bwo gufata amazi, ikindi ni ingaruka ku guhuza hamwe na thixotropy ya minisiteri, naho icya gatatu ni imikoranire na sima. Ingaruka yo gufata amazi ya selile ya selile biterwa no kwinjiza amazi kurwego rwibanze, imiterere ya minisiteri, ubunini bwikigero cya minisiteri, amazi akenerwa na minisiteri, nigihe cyo kugenera ibikoresho. Kugumana amazi ya selile ether ubwayo bituruka kumashanyarazi no kubura umwuma wa selile ubwayo. Nkuko twese tubizi, nubwo urunigi rwa selile ya selile irimo umubare munini wamatsinda ya OH afite ingufu nyinshi, ntabwo ashonga mumazi, kuko imiterere ya selile ifite urwego rwo hejuru rwa kristu. Ubushobozi bwo kuyobora amatsinda ya hydroxyl yonyine ntibihagije kugirango uhuze imigozi ikomeye ya hydrogène nimbaraga za van der Waals hagati ya molekile. Kubwibyo, irabyimba gusa ariko ntishonga mumazi. Iyo insimburangingo yinjijwe mumurongo wa molekile, ntabwo insimburangingo yangiza urunigi rwa hydrogène gusa, ariko kandi isano ya hydrogène ihuza imiyoboro irasenywa bitewe no guhuza insimburangingo hagati yiminyururu yegeranye. Ninini isimbuye, niko intera iri hagati ya molekile. Intera nini. Ingaruka nini zo gusenya imigozi ya hydrogène, ether ya selulose ihinduka amazi-nyuma ya latulice ya selile yagutse kandi igisubizo kikinjira, kigakora igisubizo cyinshi cyane. Iyo ubushyuhe buzamutse, hydrated ya polymer igabanuka, kandi amazi ari hagati yiminyururu yirukanwa. Iyo ingaruka zo kubura umwuma zihagije, molekile zitangira kwegeranya, zikora imiterere-yimiterere-yimiterere-itatu igizwe na gel hanyuma ikazunguruka.
Mu bintu bigira ingaruka ku kugumana amazi ya minisiteri harimo ubwiza bwa selulose ether, umubare wongeyeho, ubwiza bwibice hamwe nubushyuhe bwo gukoresha.
Ninini cyane ya selulose ether, niko gukora neza amazi. Viscosity nikintu cyingenzi cyimikorere ya MC. Kugeza ubu, abakora MC batandukanye bakoresha uburyo nibikoresho bitandukanye kugirango bapime ubwiza bwa MC. Uburyo nyamukuru ni Haake Rotovisko, Hoppler, Ubbelohde na Brookfield. Kubicuruzwa bimwe, ibisubizo bya viscosity byapimwe nuburyo butandukanye biratandukanye cyane, ndetse bimwe byikubye kabiri itandukaniro. Kubwibyo, mugihe ugereranije viscosity, bigomba gukorwa hagati yuburyo bumwe bwo gupima, harimo ubushyuhe, rotor, nibindi.
Muri rusange, uko ubukonje buri hejuru, ningaruka nziza yo gufata amazi. Nyamara, uko ubukonje buringaniye hamwe nuburemere bwa molekile ya MC, kugabanuka gukwiranye kwayo bizagira ingaruka mbi kumbaraga no mubikorwa bya minisiteri. Iyo hejuru yubukonje, niko bigaragara ingaruka zo kubyimba kuri minisiteri, ariko ntabwo ihwanye neza. Iyo hejuru yubusembwa, niko amabuye atose azarushaho kuba meza, ni ukuvuga mugihe cyubwubatsi, bigaragarira nko kwizirika kuri scraper no gufatira hejuru kuri substrate. Ariko ntabwo ari byiza kongera imbaraga zimiterere ya minisiteri yonyine. Mugihe cyo kubaka, imikorere irwanya sag ntabwo igaragara. Ibinyuranye na byo, bimwe mu biciriritse kandi bito ariko byahinduwe na methyl selulose ethers bifite imikorere myiza mugutezimbere imiterere yimiterere ya minisiteri.
Umubare munini wa selulose ether wongeyeho kuri minisiteri, niko imikorere myiza yo gufata amazi, hamwe nubukonje bwinshi, nuburyo bwiza bwo gufata amazi.
Kubunini buke, nibyiza cyane, niko gufata amazi neza. Nyuma yuko ibice binini bya selile ya selile ihuye namazi, ubuso burahita bushonga hanyuma bugakora jel yo gupfunyika ibikoresho kugirango birinde molekile zamazi gukomeza kwinjira. Rimwe na rimwe, ntishobora gutandukana kimwe no gushonga nubwo nyuma yigihe kirekire ikurura, igakora igisubizo cyijimye cyangwa igiterane. Ifite cyane cyane kubika amazi ya selile ya selile, kandi gukomera ni kimwe mubintu byo guhitamo selile. Ubwiza nabwo ni indangagaciro yingenzi ya methyl selulose ether. MC ikoreshwa mu ifu yumye isabwa kuba ifu, irimo amazi make, kandi ubwiza nabwo busaba 20% ~ 60% yubunini buke butarenze 63um. Ubwiza bugira ingaruka kumyuka ya methyl selulose ether. Ubusanzwe MC isanzwe ni granular, kandi biroroshye gushonga mumazi nta agglomeration, ariko igipimo cyo kuyasesa kiratinda cyane, ntabwo rero gikwiriye gukoreshwa mumashanyarazi yumye. Mu ifu yumye yumye, MC ikwirakwizwa mubikoresho bya sima nka agregate, kuzuza neza na sima, kandi ifu nziza ihagije irashobora kwirinda methyl selulose ether agglomeration mugihe ivanze namazi. Iyo MC yongewemo namazi yo gushonga agglomerates, biragoye cyane gutatanya no gushonga. Ubwiza bwa MC ntabwo busesagura gusa, ahubwo binagabanya imbaraga zaho za minisiteri. Iyo ifu yumye yumye ishyizwe ahantu hanini, umuvuduko wo gukiza wa pompe yumye yumutaka uzagabanuka cyane, kandi ibice bizagaragara kubera ibihe bitandukanye byo gukira. Kuri minisiteri yatewe hamwe nubwubatsi bwa mashini, ibisabwa kubwiza ni byinshi kubera igihe gito cyo kuvanga.
Ubwiza bwa MC nabwo bugira ingaruka runaka kububiko bwamazi. Muri rusange, kuri methyl selulose ethers ifite ubwiza bumwe ariko bwiza butandukanye, kubwinshi bwiyongereye, nibyiza nibyiza ingaruka zo gufata amazi.
Kugumana amazi ya MC nabyo bifitanye isano n'ubushyuhe bwakoreshejwe. Kugumana amazi ya methyl selulose ether bigabanuka hamwe no kwiyongera kwubushyuhe. Nyamara, mubikorwa bifatika, ifu yumye yumye ikoreshwa mubutaka bushyushye mubushyuhe bwinshi (hejuru ya dogere 40) ahantu henshi, nko kurukuta rwinyuma rushyira munsi yizuba mugihe cyizuba, akenshi byihutisha Gukiza sima no gukomera kwa ifu yumye. Kugabanuka kw'igipimo cyo gufata amazi biganisha ku kumva ko gukora ndetse no kurwanya ibice bigira ingaruka, kandi ni ngombwa cyane cyane kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa nubushyuhe muri iki kibazo. Nubwo methyl hydroxyethyl selulose ether yiyongera kuri ubu ifatwa nkiri ku isonga mu iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga, kwishingikiriza ku bushyuhe bizakomeza gutuma intege nke z’imyunyu yumye yumye. Nubwo ingano ya methyl hydroxyethyl selulose yiyongereye (formula yo mu cyi), gukora no kurwanya ibice ntibishobora guhaza ibikenewe gukoreshwa. Binyuze mu buvuzi budasanzwe kuri MC, nko kongera urugero rwa etherification, nibindi, ingaruka zo gufata amazi zirashobora kugumana ubushyuhe bwinshi, kugirango zishobore gutanga imikorere myiza mubihe bibi.
Byongeye kandi, kubyimba na thixotropy ya selile ya ether: imikorere ya kabiri ya selile ya selile - ingaruka yo kubyimba biterwa na: urugero rwa polymerisation ya selile ya selile, kwibanda kumuti, igipimo cyogosha, ubushyuhe nibindi bihe. Umutungo wa gelling wigisubizo wihariye kuri alkyl selulose nibiyikomokaho. Imiterere ya gelation ifitanye isano nurwego rwo gusimbuza, kwibanda kubisubizo hamwe ninyongera. Kuri hydroxyalkyl yahinduwe ikomokaho, imiterere ya gel nayo ifitanye isano nimpinduka ya hydroxyalkyl. Kubijyanye n'ubukonje buke MC na HPMC, hashobora gutegurwa 10% -15% igisubizo, ubukonje buciriritse MC na HPMC burashobora gutegurwa igisubizo cya 5% -10%, mugihe ubukonje bwinshi MC na HPMC bushobora gutegura igisubizo 2% -3% gusa, kandi Mubisanzwe ibyiciro bya viscosity ya selulose ether nayo igabanywa na 1% -2% igisubizo. Uburemere buke bwa selile selile ether ifite ubushobozi bwo kubyimba cyane. Mubisubizo bimwe byo kwibandaho, polymers ifite uburemere butandukanye bwa molekile ifite viscosities zitandukanye. Urwego rwo hejuru. Intego yo kwiyegereza irashobora kugerwaho gusa wongeyeho umubare munini wuburemere buke bwa selile selile. Ubukonje bwabwo ntaho butaniye nigipimo cyogosha, kandi ubukonje bwinshi bugera ku ntego yo kwiyegereza, kandi amafaranga asabwa yongeweho ni make, kandi ubwiza buterwa no kubyimba neza. Kubwibyo, kugirango ugere kumurongo runaka, umubare munini wa selile ya selile (kwibanda kumuti) hamwe nubwiza bwibisubizo bigomba kwemezwa. Ubushyuhe bwa gel bwumuti nabwo bugabanuka kumurongo hamwe no kwiyongera kwumuti wibisubizo, hamwe na geles mubushyuhe bwicyumba nyuma yo kugera kumurongo runaka. Ubunini bwa HPMC buri hejuru cyane mubushyuhe bwicyumba.
Guhuzagurika birashobora kandi guhinduka muguhitamo ingano yubunini no guhitamo selile ya selile hamwe nimpamyabumenyi zitandukanye zo guhindura. Ibyo bita guhindura ni ukumenyekanisha urwego runaka rwo gusimbuza hydroxyalkyl matsinda kumiterere ya skeleton ya MC. Muguhindura indangagaciro zijyanye no gusimbuza ibintu bibiri byasimbuwe, ni ukuvuga, DS na ms ugereranije no gusimbuza indangagaciro za methoxy na hydroxyalkyl amatsinda dukunze kuvuga. Imikorere itandukanye isabwa na selile ether irashobora kuboneka muguhindura ugereranije agaciro gasimburwa kubintu byombi.
Isano iri hagati yo guhuzagurika no guhinduka: kongeramo ether ya selile bigira ingaruka kumikoreshereze yamazi ya minisiteri, guhindura igipimo cyamazi gihuza amazi na sima ningaruka zibyibushye, uko dosiye ikabije, niko gukoresha amazi menshi.
Ether ya selulose ikoreshwa mubikoresho byubwubatsi bigomba gushonga vuba mumazi akonje kandi bigatanga uburyo bukwiye kuri sisitemu. Niba uhaye igipimo runaka cyogosha, iracyahinduka flocculent na colloidal block, nigicuruzwa kitujuje ubuziranenge cyangwa cyiza.
Hariho kandi umurongo mwiza uhuza umurongo hagati ya sima paste na dosiye ya selile ether. Cellulose ether irashobora kongera cyane ubwiza bwa minisiteri. Ninini nini, niko bigaragara ingaruka. Umuvuduko mwinshi wa selileose ether amazi yo mumazi afite thixotropy nyinshi, nayo nikintu gikomeye kiranga selile ether. Ibisubizo byamazi ya polymers ya MC mubisanzwe bifite pseudoplastique na non-thixotropic fluidity munsi yubushyuhe bwa gel, ariko imitungo ya Newtonian itemba mukigero gito. Pseudoplastique yiyongera hamwe nuburemere bwa molekuline cyangwa kwibumbira hamwe kwa selile ya ether, hatitawe ku bwoko bwinsimburangingo no kurwego rwo gusimburwa. Kubwibyo, selile ya ether yo murwego rumwe rwubwiza, ntakibazo MC, HPMC, HEMC, izahora yerekana imiterere imwe ya rheologiya mugihe cyose ubushyuhe nubushyuhe bihoraho. Gele yubaka ikorwa mugihe ubushyuhe buzamutse, kandi tixotropique itemba cyane. Ubushuhe bwinshi hamwe na viscosity selileulose ethers yerekana thixotropy no munsi yubushyuhe bwa gel. Uyu mutungo ufite inyungu nyinshi muguhindura kuringaniza no kugabanuka mukubaka inyubako ya minisiteri. Hagomba gusobanurwa hano ko uko ubukonje bwa ether ya selulose, niko gufata amazi neza, ariko uko ubukonje bugenda bwiyongera, niko uburemere bwa molekuline bugereranije na selile ya selile, hamwe no kugabanuka gukwiranye kwayo, bigira ingaruka mbi kuri concentration ya minisiteri nibikorwa byubwubatsi. Iyo hejuru ya viscosity, niko bigaragara ingaruka zo kubyimba kuri minisiteri, ariko ntabwo ihwanye rwose. Bimwe mubiciriritse kandi bito, ariko selile ya selile yahinduwe ifite imikorere myiza mugutezimbere imbaraga zimiterere ya minisiteri itose. Hamwe no kwiyongera kwijimye, kugumana amazi ya selile ether biratera imbere.
Gusubira inyuma kwa ether ya selulose: Igikorwa cya gatatu cya selile ether ni ugutinza inzira ya sima. Cellulose ether itanga minisiteri nibintu bitandukanye byingirakamaro, kandi ikanagabanya ubushyuhe bwambere bwa hydrata ya sima kandi bigatinda inzira ya hydrata dinamike ya sima. Ibi ntabwo ari byiza gukoresha ikoreshwa rya minisiteri mu turere dukonje. Izi ngaruka zo kudindira ziterwa na adsorption ya selile ya ether molekules ku bicuruzwa bitanga amazi nka CSH na ca (OH) 2. Bitewe no kwiyongera kwijimye ryumuti wa pore, selile ya selile igabanya umuvuduko wa ion mugisubizo, bityo bigatinda inzira yo gufata amazi. Iyo hejuru ya selulose ether yibikoresho bya minerval gel, niko bigaragara ingaruka zo gutinda kwa hydration. Cellulose ether ntabwo idindiza igenamigambi gusa, ahubwo inadindiza inzira yo gukomera ya sisitemu ya sima. Ingaruka zo kudindiza selile ya selile ntabwo ziterwa gusa nubunini bwayo muri sisitemu ya minerval gel, ahubwo binaterwa nimiterere yimiti. Urwego rwo hejuru rwa methylation ya HEMC, nibyiza ingaruka zo kudindiza selile. Ikigereranyo cyo gusimbuza hydrophilique nogusimbuza kongera amazi Ingaruka zo kudindiza zirakomeye. Nyamara, ubwiza bwa selulose ether ntacyo bugira kuri sima hydration kinetics.
Hamwe no kwiyongera kwa selile ya ether, igihe cyo gushiraho minisiteri cyiyongera cyane. Hariho isano ryiza ridafite umurongo hagati yigihe cyambere cyo gushiraho minisiteri nibiri muri selile ya ether, hamwe numurongo mwiza uhuza hagati yigihe cyanyuma cyo gushiraho nibiri muri selile ya ether. Turashobora kugenzura igihe cyo gukora cya minisiteri duhindura ingano ya selile.
Muri make, muri minisiteri ivanze, selulose ether igira uruhare mukubungabunga amazi, kubyimba, gutinda ingufu za sima, no kunoza imikorere yubwubatsi. Ubushobozi bwiza bwo gufata amazi butuma amazi ya sima arushaho kuba meza, arashobora kongera ubwiza bwamazi ya minisiteri itose, kongera imbaraga zo guhuza za minisiteri, no guhindura igihe. Ongeramo selile ether kuri mashini yo gutera imashini irashobora kunoza imikorere yo gutera cyangwa kuvoma hamwe nimbaraga zimiterere ya minisiteri.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-13-2023