“Agents” eshanu zo gutwikira amazi!

incamake

1. Umukozi wo guhanagura no gutatanya

2. Defoamer

3. Thickener

4. Ibyongeweho gukora firime

5. Ibindi byongeweho

Umukozi woza no gutatanya

Amazi ashingiye kumazi akoresha amazi nkigikoresho cyo gukemura cyangwa gutatanya, kandi amazi afite dielectric nini ihoraho, kubwibyo rero amazi ashingiye kumazi ahagarikwa cyane cyane no kwangwa na electrostatike iyo amashanyarazi abiri yuzuye.

Byongeye kandi, muri sisitemu yo gutwikira amazi, hakunze kubaho polymers hamwe na surfactants zidafite ionic, zandikirwa hejuru yuzuza pigment, bikagira inzitizi zikomeye kandi bigahagarika ikwirakwizwa. Kubwibyo, amarangi ashingiye kumazi hamwe na emulisiyo bigera kubisubizo bihamye binyuze mubikorwa bihuriweho no kwanga electrostatike no guhagarika steric. Ingaruka zayo ni ubukana bwa electrolyte, cyane cyane kuri electrolytike ihenze cyane.

1.1 Umukozi wohanagura

Ibikoresho byo guhanagura amazi yo mumazi bigabanijwemo anionic na nonionic.

Ihuriro ryumukozi woherejwe hamwe nuwatatanye arashobora kugera kubisubizo byiza. Umubare wibikoresho byo guhanagura muri rusange ni bike kubihumbi. Ingaruka mbi zayo ni ifuro no kugabanya kurwanya amazi ya firime.

Imwe mumigendekere yiterambere ryibikoresho byo guhanagura ni ugusimbuza buhoro buhoro polyoxyethylene alkyl (benzene) fenol ether (APEO cyangwa APE) imiti itose, kuko itera kugabanuka kwimisemburo yabagabo mumbeba kandi ikabangamira endocrine. Polyoxyethylene alkyl (benzene) fenol ethers ikoreshwa cyane nka emulisiferi mugihe cya polymerisiyasi.

Impanga zibiri nazo niterambere rishya. Ni molekile ebyiri za amphiphilic zahujwe na spacer. Ikintu cyagaragaye cyane mu mikorere ya twin-selile ni uko kwibumbira hamwe kwa micelle (CMC) birenze gahunda yubunini buri munsi yubwa “selile-selile”, hanyuma bigakurikirwa no gukora neza. Nka TEGO Twin 4000, ni surfactant ya siloxane ya selile, kandi ifite ifuro ridahungabana hamwe na defoaming.

1.2 Gutatana

Gutandukanya amarangi ya latex bigabanijwemo ibyiciro bine: ikwirakwiza fosifate, ikwirakwiza polyacide homopolymer, ikwirakwiza polyacide copolymer hamwe nizindi zitandukanye.

Ikwirakwizwa rya fosifeti ikoreshwa cyane ni polyphosifate, nka sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium polyphosphate (Calgon N, ibicuruzwa bya BK Giulini Chemical Company mu Budage), potasiyumu tripolyphosphate (KTPP) na tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (TKPP).

Uburyo bwibikorwa byabwo ni uguhagarika kwanga electrostatike binyuze muri hydrogène ihuza hamwe na adsorption ya chimique. Akarusho kayo nuko dosiye iri hasi, hafi 0.1%, kandi ifite ingaruka nziza zo gukwirakwiza kuri pigment organic organique na fillers. Ariko nanone hariho ibitagenda neza: imwe, hamwe no kuzamura agaciro ka pH nubushyuhe, polyphosifate iroroshye hydrolyzed, itera ububiko bwigihe kirekire bubi; Gusenyuka kutuzuye hagati bizagira ingaruka kumurabyo wa glossy latex.

1 Ikwirakwiza rya fosifate

Ikwirakwizwa rya fosifate ester ituma ikwirakwizwa rya pigment, harimo na pigment reaction nka okiside ya zinc. Mu gushushanya amarangi ya gloss, atezimbere uburabyo no kugira isuku. Bitandukanye nibindi byongeweho kandi bikwirakwiza inyongeramusaruro, kongeramo fosifate ester ikwirakwiza ntabwo bigira ingaruka kumyuka ya KU na ICI ya coating.

Ikwirakwizwa rya polyacide homopolymer, nka Tamol 1254 na Tamol 850, Tamol 850 ni homopolymer ya acide methacrylic.

Ikwirakwizwa rya polyacide copolymer, nka Orotan 731A, ikaba ikora kopi ya diisobutylene na aside ya manic. Ibiranga ubu bwoko bubiri bwo gutatanya ni uko bitanga adsorption ikomeye cyangwa inanga hejuru ya pigment hamwe nuwuzuza, ikagira iminyururu ndende ya molekile kugirango ibe inzitizi zikomeye, kandi ikagira amazi yo gukomera kumurongo wurunigi, kandi bimwe byuzuzwa no kwanga amashanyarazi kuri kugera ku bisubizo bihamye. Kugira ngo abatatanye bagabanye neza, uburemere bwa molekile bugomba kugenzurwa cyane. Niba uburemere bwa molekile ari buto cyane, hazabaho inzitizi zidahagije; niba uburemere bwa molekile ari bunini cyane, flocculation izabaho. Kubatatanya polyacrylate, ingaruka nziza zo gutatanya zirashobora kugerwaho mugihe urwego rwa polymerisation ari 12-18.

Ubundi bwoko bwo gutatanya, nka AMP-95, bufite izina ryimiti ya 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol. Itsinda rya amino ryamamajwe hejuru yuduce duto duto, kandi hydroxyl itsinda igera kumazi, igira uruhare rukomeye binyuze mu nzitizi zikomeye. Bitewe nubunini bwacyo, inzitizi zidasanzwe zigarukira. AMP-95 ahanini ni pH igenzura.

Mu myaka yashize, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku batatanye bwatsinze ikibazo cya flokculasiyo iterwa n'uburemere buke bwa molekile, kandi iterambere ry'uburemere buke ni kimwe mu bigenda. Kurugero, uburemere buke bwa molekile ikwirakwiza EFKA-4580 ikorwa na emulion polymerisation yakozwe muburyo bwihariye bwo gutwikira inganda zishingiye ku mazi, bikwiranye no gukwirakwiza pigment kama n’ibinyabuzima, kandi bifite amazi meza.

Amatsinda ya Amino afite isano nziza kuri pigment nyinshi binyuze muri acide-base cyangwa hydrogen ihuza. Guhagarika copolymer ikwirakwiza aside amineacrylic nkuko itsinda rya ankoring ryitabweho.

2 Gutandukana na dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate nkitsinda rya ankoring

Tego Ikwirakwiza 655 itose kandi ikwirakwiza inyongeramusaruro ikoreshwa mumarangi yimodoka itwara amazi ntabwo yerekeza gusa kuri pigment ahubwo no kubuza ifu ya aluminiyumu kutagira amazi.

Bitewe n’ibibazo by’ibidukikije, hashyizweho uburyo bwo kubuza ibinyabuzima no gukwirakwiza ibinyabuzima, nka EnviroGem AE ikurikirana ya twin-selile yohereza no gukwirakwiza ibintu, bikaba ari ibibyimba bike kandi byangiza.

Defoamer

Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwamazi ashingiye kumazi asanzwe, asanzwe agabanijwemo ibyiciro bitatu: defoamers yamavuta yubutare, polysiloxane defoamers nibindi byangiza.

Amavuta ya minerval defoamers akoreshwa cyane cyane mumarangi ya tekinike na kimwe cya kabiri.

Polysiloxane defoamers ifite ubushyuhe buke bwo hejuru, ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gusebanya no kurwanya antifoaming, kandi ntibigira ingaruka kumurabyo, ariko iyo bikoreshejwe nabi, bizatera inenge nko kugabanuka kwa firime ya coating hamwe no kudasubirana neza.

Imigenzo gakondo ishingiye kumazi yo gusiga irangi ntishobora kubangikanywa nicyiciro cyamazi kugirango igere ku ntego yo gusebanya, biroroshye rero kubyara inenge zo hejuru muri firime.

Mumyaka yashize, molekulari yo murwego rwohejuru yaratejwe imbere.

Iyi antifoaming agent ni polymer yakozwe muguhuza antifoaming ibintu bifatika kubintu bitwara. Urunigi rwa molekuline ya polymer rufite itsinda rya hydroxyl itose, ibintu bikora nabi bigabanywa hafi ya molekile, ibintu bikora ntabwo byoroshye guteranya, kandi guhuza na sisitemu yo gutwikira ni byiza. Mwene molekulari yo murwego rwohejuru irimo amavuta yubutare - Urukurikirane rwa FoamStar A10, rurimo silikoni - Urukurikirane rwa FoamStar A30, hamwe na silicon, idafite amavuta ya polymers - Urukurikirane rwa FoamStar MF.

Iyi molekulari-nini ya defoamer ikoresha inyenyeri nini cyane ya polymer nka surfactant idahuye kandi yageze kubisubizo byiza mubikorwa byo gutwikira amazi. Ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere bya molekulari-defoamer yatangajwe na Stout et al. ni acetylene glycol ishingiye kubikorwa byo kugenzura ifuro hamwe na defoamer hamwe nibintu byombi bitose, nka Surfynol MD 20 na Surfynol DF 37.

Byongeye kandi, kugirango uhuze ibyifuzo byo kubyara zeru-VOC, hariho na defoamers idafite VOC, nka Agitan 315, Agitan E 255, nibindi.

umubyimba

Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibibyibushye, mubisanzwe bikoreshwa ni selulose ether hamwe nibiyikomokaho kubyimbye, gufatanya alkali-kubyimba kubyimbye (HASE) hamwe na polyurethane (HEUR).

3.1. Cellulose ether n'ibiyikomokaho

Hydroxyethyl selulose (HEC)yakozwe bwa mbere mu nganda na Union Carbide Company mu 1932, kandi ifite amateka yimyaka irenga 70.

Kugeza ubu, umubyimba wa ether ya selulose n'ibiyikomokaho cyane cyane harimo hydroxyethyl selulose (HEC), methyl hydroxyethyl selulose (MHEC), Ethyl hydroxyethyl selulose (EHEC), methyl hydroxypropyl Base selulose (MHPC), methyl selulose (MC) na xanthan gum, nibindi, ibi ni ibibyibushye bitari ionic, kandi nabyo ni mubyibushye byamazi adafitanye isano. Muri byo, HEC niyo ikoreshwa cyane mu irangi rya latex.

3.2 Alkali-kubyimba kubyimbye

Ibibyimba bya alkali-byabyimbye bigabanyijemo ibyiciro bibiri: ibibyimba bidahuje alkali-byabyimbye (ASE) hamwe na alkali-ibibyimba byabyimbye (HASE), aribyo byongera anionic. Bidafitanye isano na ASE ni polyacrylate alkali kubyimba emulsion.

3.3. Umubyimba wa polyurethane hamwe na hydrophobique yahinduwe itari polyurethane

Umubyimba wa polyurethane, witwa HEUR, ni hydrophobique itsinda ryahinduwe na ethoxylated polyurethane polymer-soluble polymer, ikaba ari iyibyibushye bitari ionic.

HEUR igizwe n'ibice bitatu: itsinda rya hydrophobique, urunigi rwa hydrophilique na polyurethane.

Itsinda rya hydrophobique rifite uruhare rwishyirahamwe kandi nicyo kintu cyingenzi cyo kubyimba, mubisanzwe oleyl, octadecyl, dodecylphenyl, nonylphenol, nibindi.

Nyamara, urwego rwo gusimbuza amatsinda ya hydrophobi kumpande zombi za HEURs ziboneka mubucuruzi ziri munsi ya 0.9, kandi ibyiza ni 1.7 gusa. Imiterere yimyitwarire igomba kugenzurwa cyane kugirango ibone umubyimba wa polyurethane ufite uburemere buke bwo gukwirakwiza no gukora neza. HEURs nyinshi ikomatanyirizwa hamwe na polymerisiyasi yintambwe, bityo ubucuruzi buraboneka HEUR muri rusange ni imvange yuburemere bwagutse.

Usibye umurongo uhuza polyurethane umubyimba wasobanuwe haruguru, hariho kandi ibimamara bisa na polyurethane yibyibushye. Icyitwa ibimamara ishyirahamwe polyurethane kubyimbye bivuze ko hariho itsinda rya hydrophobique ryagati hagati ya buri molekile yibyibushye. Umubyimba nka SCT-200 na SCT-275 nibindi

Iyo wongeyeho umubare usanzwe wamatsinda ya hydrophobique, habaho amatsinda 2 gusa ya hydrophobique ya hydrophobique, bityo rero synthesize hydrophobique yahinduwe amino ameneri ntaho itandukaniye cyane na HEUR, nka Optiflo H 500, reba Ishusho 3.

Niba hiyongereyeho andi matsinda ya hydrophobi, nka 8%, imiterere yimyitwarire irashobora guhinduka kugirango habeho umubyimba wa amino hamwe nitsinda ryinshi rya hydrophobi. Birumvikana, iyi nayo ni ibimamara.

Iyi hydrophobique yahinduwe na amino yibyibushye irashobora kubuza irangi ryamabara kugabanuka bitewe no kongeramo umubare munini wa surfactants hamwe na solide ya glycol mugihe hiyongereyeho ibara. Impamvu nuko amatsinda akomeye ya hydrophobique ashobora gukumira desorption, kandi amatsinda menshi ya hydrophobique afite ubumwe bukomeye.