Synthesis nibintu bya Water-soluble selulose ether superplasticizer

Byongeye kandi, ipamba selulose yateguwe kugirango iringanize urwego rwa polymerisation kandi yakiriwe na sodium hydroxide, 1,4 monobutylsulfonolate (1,4, butanesultone). sulfobutylated selulose ether (SBC) ifite amazi meza yabonetse. Ingaruka zubushyuhe bwa reaction, igihe cyo kwitabira nigipimo cyibikoresho fatizo kuri butyl sulfonate selulose ether byakozwe. Uburyo bwiza bwo kubyitwaramo bwabonetse, kandi imiterere yibicuruzwa yaranzwe na FTIR. Mu kwiga ku ngaruka za SBC ku miterere ya sima paste na minisiteri, usanga ibicuruzwa bifite ingaruka nkizo zo kugabanya amazi kuri serivise ya naphthalene igabanya amazi, kandi kugumana amazi ni byiza kuruta urukurikirane rwa naphthalene.kugabanya amazi. SBC ifite ibintu bitandukanye biranga viscosity hamwe na sulferi ifite urwego rutandukanye rwo kubika umutungo wa sima paste. Kubwibyo, biteganijwe ko SBC izahinduka igabanya amazi agabanya amazi, ikagabanya uburyo bwiza bwo kugabanya amazi, ndetse nogukoresha amazi meza. Imiterere yacyo igenwa ahanini nuburyo bwimiterere.

Amagambo y'ingenzi:selile; Urwego ruringaniye rwa polymerisation; Butyl sulfonate selulose ether; Umukozi ugabanya amazi

Gutezimbere no gushyira mubikorwa bya beto ikora neza bifitanye isano rya bugufi nubushakashatsi niterambere ryibikorwa bigabanya amazi. Ni ukubera isura igabanya amazi niyo beto ishobora kwemeza gukora cyane, kuramba neza ndetse nimbaraga nyinshi. Kugeza ubu, hari ubwoko bukurikira bwibintu bikoreshwa cyane bigabanya amazi bikoreshwa cyane: ibikoresho byo kugabanya amazi ya naphthalene (SNF), sulfonated amine resin serivise yo kugabanya amazi (SMF), amine sulfonate yamashanyarazi agabanya amazi (ASP), yahinduwe na lignosulfonate urukurikirane rwo kugabanya amazi (ML), hamwe na aside polycarboxylic aside ikurikirana amazi agabanya (PC), ikora cyane mubushakashatsi bwubu. Acide polycarboxylic superplasticizer ifite ibyiza byo gutakaza umwanya muto, dosiye nkeya hamwe nubwinshi bwamazi ya beto. Ariko, kubera igiciro kinini, biragoye kumenyekana mubushinwa. Kubwibyo, naphthalene superplasticizer iracyakoreshwa mubushinwa. Byinshi mubintu bigabanya amazi bigabanya amazi akoresha fordehide nibindi bintu bihindagurika bifite uburemere buke bwa molekile, bishobora kwangiza ibidukikije muri synthesis no gukoresha inzira.

Iterambere ryimvange zifatika mugihugu ndetse no mumahanga rihura n’ibura ryibikoresho fatizo byimiti, izamuka ryibiciro nibindi bibazo. Nigute ushobora gukoresha umutungo uhendutse kandi mwinshi ushobora kuvugururwa nkibikoresho fatizo kugirango utezimbere imikorere mishya yo mu rwego rwo hejuru bizahinduka ingingo yingenzi yubushakashatsi bufatika. Ibinyamisogwe na selile nibyo bihagarariye ubwoko bwumutungo. Kubera isoko ryinshi ryibikoresho fatizo, bishobora kuvugururwa, byoroshye kubyitwaramo na reagent zimwe, ibiyikomokaho bikoreshwa cyane mubice bitandukanye. Kugeza ubu, ubushakashatsi bwa krahisi ya sulfonate nkibikoresho bigabanya amazi byateye imbere. Mu myaka yashize, ubushakashatsi bwakomotse kuri selulose ikomoka ku mazi nk'ibikoresho bigabanya amazi nabyo byashimishije abantu. Liu Weizhe n'abandi. yakoresheje fibre yubwoya nkibikoresho fatizo muguhuza sulfate ya selile hamwe nuburemere butandukanye bwa molekile hamwe nintera yo gusimburwa. Iyo urugero rwarwo rusimbuwe ruri murwego runaka, rushobora guteza imbere amazi ya sima hamwe nimbaraga zumubiri uhuza sima. Ipatanti ivuga ko ibikomoka kuri polysaccharide binyuze mu miti itangiza amatsinda akomeye ya hydrophilique, bishobora kuboneka kuri sima hamwe no gukwirakwiza neza ibikomoka kuri polysaccharide ikomoka ku mazi, nka sodium carboxymethyl selulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl selulose, carboxymethyl sulfonate selulose n'ibindi. Ariko, Knaus n'abandi. yasanze CMHEC isa nkaho idakwiriye gukoreshwa nkibikoresho bigabanya amazi. Gusa iyo itsinda rya acide sulfonique ryinjijwe muri molekile ya CMC na CMHEC, kandi uburemere bwacyo buringaniye ni 1.0 × 105 ~ 1.5 × 105 g / mol, birashobora kugira umurimo wo kugabanya amazi ya beto. Hariho ibitekerezo bitandukanye byerekeranye no kumenya niba bimwe mubikomoka ku mazi ya selile yamashanyarazi akwiriye gukoreshwa nkibikoresho bigabanya amazi, kandi hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibikomoka kumazi ya selile, bityo rero birakenewe gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kandi butunganijwe kuri synthesis kandi ikoreshwa rya selile nshya.

Muri iyi nyandiko, ipamba selulose yakoreshejwe nkibikoresho byo gutangira gutegura igipimo cya polymerisiyasi yuzuye ya selile, hanyuma binyuze muri sodium hydroxide alkalisation, hitamo ubushyuhe bukwiye, igihe cyo kubyitwaramo hamwe na 1,4 monobutyl sulfonolactone reaction, kwinjiza itsinda rya acide sulfonique kuri selile. molekules, amazi yabonetse ya butyl sulfonic acide selulose ether (SBC) isesengura ryimiterere nubushakashatsi. Ikibazo cyo kugikoresha nk'umukozi ugabanya amazi cyaganiriweho.

1. Ubushakashatsi

1.1 Ibikoresho nibikoresho

Impamba idahwitse; Sodium hydroxide (isesengura ryera); Acide Hydrochloric (36% ~ 37% igisubizo cyamazi, cyera neza); Inzoga ya Isopropyl (isesengura neza); 1,4 monobutyl sulfonolactone (urwego rwinganda, rutangwa na Siping Fine Chemical Plant); 32.5R sima isanzwe ya Portland (Uruganda rwa sima ya Dalian Onoda); Urukurikirane rwa Naphthalene superplasticizer (SNF, Dalian Sicca).

Spectrum One-B Fourier Guhindura infragre ya spekrometrike, yakozwe na Perkin Elmer.

Ibyiza bya IRIS Bishyizwe hamwe na Plasma Emission Spectrometer (IcP-AEs), yakozwe na Thermo Jarrell Ash Co.

Isesengura rya ZETAPLUS (Brookhaven Instruments, USA) ryakoreshejwe mu gupima ubushobozi bwa sima ya sima ivanze na SBC.

1.2 Uburyo bwo gutegura SBC

Ubwa mbere, impamyabumenyi ya polymerisiyonike ya selile yateguwe hakurikijwe uburyo bwasobanuwe mubitabo. Umubare munini w'ipamba selile yapimwe hanyuma yongerwaho mumashanyarazi atatu. Mu rwego rwo kurinda azote, hongerwamo aside hydrochloric hamwe na 6% byongewemo, hanyuma imvange ikangurwa cyane. Hanyuma yahagaritswe n'inzoga ya isopropyl mumashanyarazi yiminwa itatu, yomekwa mugihe runaka hamwe na 30% ya hydroxide ya hydroxide yo mumazi, apima urugero runaka rwa 1,4 monobutyl sulfonolactone, hanyuma imanuka mumashanyarazi yiminwa itatu, ikangurirwa kuri gihe kimwe, kandi igakomeza ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe burigihe amazi yo kwiyuhagira. Nyuma yo kubyitwaramo mugihe runaka, ibicuruzwa byakonjeshejwe ubushyuhe bwicyumba, bigwa ninzoga ya isopropyl, pompe arayungurura, hanyuma ibicuruzwa biboneka. Nyuma yo koza hamwe nigisubizo cyamazi ya methanol inshuro nyinshi, ikapompa ikayungurura, amaherezo ibicuruzwa byumye byumye kuri 60 ℃ kugirango bikoreshwe.

1.3 gupima imikorere ya SBC

Igicuruzwa SBC cyasheshwe muri 0.1 mol / L NaNO3 igisubizo cyamazi, kandi ubwiza bwa buri ngingo ya dilution yicyitegererezo bwapimwe na viscometer ya Ustner kugirango ibare ubwiza bwayo. Amazi ya sulferi yibicuruzwa yagenwe na ICP - igikoresho cya AES. Ingero za SBC zavanywemo na acetone, vacuum yumye, hanyuma ingero zigera kuri mg 5 zarashizwe hasi hanyuma zikanda hamwe na KBr kugirango zitegure icyitegererezo. Ikizamini cya Infrared cyakozwe kuri SBC hamwe na selile. Ihagarikwa rya sima ryateguwe hamwe n’amazi ya sima angana na 400 hamwe n’amazi agabanya amazi ya 1% ya misa ya sima. Ubushobozi bwabwo bwageragejwe muminota 3.

Amazi ya sima yamashanyarazi hamwe nigipimo cyo kugabanya amazi ya sima apimwa hakurikijwe GB / T 8077-2000 "Uburyo bwo gupima uburinganire bwimvange ya beto", mw / me = 0.35. Ikizamini cyo kugena igihe cya sima ikorwa hakurikijwe GB / T 1346-2001 “Uburyo bwo Kugerageza Gukoresha Amazi, Gushiraho Igihe no Guhagarara kwa Cement Standard Consistency”. Imbaraga za sima zogukomeretsa ukurikije GB / T 17671-1999 "uburyo bwo gupima sima ya minisiteri (uburyo bwa IS0)" uburyo bwo kugena.

2. Ibisubizo n'ibiganiro

2.1 Isesengura rya IR rya SBC

Infrared spectra ya selile mbisi nibicuruzwa SBC. Kuberako impanuka ya S - C na S - H ifite intege nke cyane, ntabwo ikwiriye kumenyekana, mugihe s = o ifite impinga ikomeye yo kwinjiza. Kubwibyo, kubaho kwa acide sulfonique mumiterere ya molekile irashobora kugenwa no kumenya ko impinga ya S = O. Dukurikije infrarafarike ya selile yibikoresho bya selile hamwe nibicuruzwa SBC, muri selire ya selile, hari impinga ikomeye yo kwinjirira hafi yumuraba wa cm 3350 cm-1, ishyirwa mubikorwa nka hydroxyl irambuye hejuru yinyeganyeza muri selile. Impinga ikomeye yo kwinjirira hafi yumuraba nimero 2 900 cm-1 ni methylene (CH2 1) irambuye hejuru yinyeganyeza. Urukurikirane rw'imigwi igizwe na 1060, 1170, 1120 na 1010 cm-1 yerekana impagarike irambuye yo kwinyeganyeza kwinshi kwitsinda rya hydroxyl hamwe nimpanuka yo kwinyeganyeza yimitsi ya ether (C - o - C). Umubare wumuraba hafi cm 1650 cm-1 ugaragaza impanuka ya hydrogène yo kwinjiza kwakozwe nitsinda rya hydroxyl namazi yubusa. Itsinda 1440 ~ 1340 cm-1 ryerekana imiterere ya kristaline ya selile. Muri IR yerekanwe ya SBC, ubukana bwa bande 1440 ~ 1340 cm-1 buracika intege. Imbaraga zo kwinjirira hafi ya cm 1650 cm-1 ziyongereye, byerekana ko ubushobozi bwo gukora imigozi ya hydrogène bwongerewe imbaraga. Impinga zo kwinjirira cyane zagaragaye kuri cm 1180,628 cm-1, zitagaragaye muri infragre ya spekitroscopi ya selile. Iyambere yari ibiranga kwinjiza impinga ya s = o, mugihe iyanyuma yari ikiranga impinga ya s = o. Dukurikije isesengura ryavuzwe haruguru, itsinda rya acide sulfonique ibaho kumurongo wa molekuline ya selile nyuma ya reaction ya etherification.

2.2 Ingaruka yimiterere yimikorere kumikorere ya SBC

Birashobora kugaragara uhereye ku isano iri hagati yimiterere yimiterere nimiterere ya SBC ko ubushyuhe, igihe cyo kubyitwaramo nigipimo cyibintu bigira ingaruka kumiterere yibicuruzwa. Ubushobozi bwibicuruzwa bya SBC bugenwa nuburebure bwigihe gikenewe kugirango ibicuruzwa 1g bishonge burundu mumazi 100mL ya deionised mubushyuhe bwicyumba; Mu gipimo cyo kugabanya amazi ya minisiteri, ibirimo SBC ni 1.0% bya sima. Byongeye kandi, kubera ko selile igizwe ahanini na anhydroglucose (AGU), ingano ya selile ibarwa nka AGU mugihe igipimo cya reaction kibarwa. Ugereranije na SBCl ~ SBC5, SBC6 ifite ubwiza bwimbere bwimbere hamwe nibirimo sulfure nyinshi, kandi igipimo cyo kugabanya amazi ya minisiteri ni 11.2%. Ibiranga ubwiza bwa SBC birashobora kwerekana ubwinshi bwa molekile. Ubwiza buhebuje bwerekana ko ubwinshi bwa molekile nini ari nini. Ariko, muri iki gihe, ubwiza bwumuti wamazi hamwe nubushuhe bumwe byanze bikunze biziyongera byanze bikunze, kandi kugenda kwa macromolecules kubuntu bizaba bigarukira, ibyo bikaba bitajyanye no kwinjirira hejuru yubutaka bwa sima, bityo bikagira ingaruka kumikinire yamazi. kugabanya imikorere ya SBC. Amazi ya sulferi ya SBC ni menshi, byerekana ko urwego rwo gusimbuza butyl sulfonate ari rwinshi, urunigi rwa molekile ya SBC rutwara umubare mwinshi, kandi ibice bya sima bigira ingaruka zikomeye, bityo gukwirakwiza ibice bya sima nabyo birakomeye.

Muri etherification ya selile, kugirango tunonosore urwego rwa etherification hamwe nubwiza bwibicuruzwa, uburyo bwa etalifike ya alkalisation ikoreshwa muri rusange. SBC7 na SBC8 nibicuruzwa byabonetse mugusubiramo alkalisation inshuro 1 na 2, kimwe. Ikigaragara ni uko ibiyiranga biranga ari bike kandi ibirimo sulfure ni byinshi, amazi ya nyuma yo gushonga ni meza, igipimo cyo kugabanya amazi ya sima gishobora kugera kuri 14.8% na 16.5%. Kubwibyo, mubizamini bikurikira, SBC6, SBC7 na SBC8 bikoreshwa nkibikoresho byubushakashatsi kugirango baganire ku ngaruka zikoreshwa muri paste ya sima na minisiteri.

2.3 Ingaruka za SBC kumitungo ya sima

2.3.1 Ingaruka za SBC kumazi ya paste ya sima

Ingaruka yumurongo wamazi ugabanya ibintu byamazi kumazi ya sima. SNF ni serivise ya naphthalene superplasticizer. Irashobora kugaragara uhereye kumurongo wibikorwa byibintu bigabanya amazi kumazi ya paste ya sima, mugihe ibirimo SBC8 bitarenze 1.0%, amazi ya paste ya sima yiyongera buhoro buhoro hamwe no kwiyongera kwibirimo, ningaruka ni kimwe na SNF. Iyo ibirimo birenze 1.0%, imikurire yimyunyu ngugu igenda gahoro gahoro, kandi umurongo winjira mukibanza. Birashobora gufatwa ko ibintu byuzuye muri SBC8 bigera kuri 1.0%. SBC6 na SBC7 nazo zari zifite icyerekezo gisa na SBC8, ariko ibyuzuye byuzuye byari hejuru cyane ya SBC8, kandi urwego rwo kuzamura amazi meza rutemba ntirwari hejuru ya SBC8. Nyamara, ibyuzuye muri SNF ni 0.7% ~ 0.8%. Iyo ibikubiye muri SNF bikomeje kwiyongera, amazi ya slurry nayo akomeza kwiyongera, ariko ukurikije impeta yo kuva amaraso, dushobora kwemeza ko kwiyongera muri iki gihe biterwa no gutandukanya amazi ava amaraso na sima. Mu gusoza, nubwo ibintu byuzuye bya SBC biri hejuru kurenza ibya SNF, haracyariho ibintu bigaragara kuva amaraso mugihe ibikubiye muri SBC birenze ibyuzuye kuri byinshi. Kubwibyo, birashobora gusuzumwa mbere yuko SBC igira ingaruka zo kugabanya amazi kandi ikagira n'amazi amwe, atandukanye na SNF. Uyu murimo ukeneye kurushaho kwigwa.

Birashobora kugaragara uhereye kumurongo ufitanye isano hagati ya fluid ya paste ya sima hamwe na 1.0% igabanya amazi hamwe nigihe cyo gutakaza amazi ya paste ya sima ivanze na SBC ni nto cyane muminota 120min, cyane cyane SBC6, amazi yambere afite hafi 200mm gusa , no gutakaza amazi ari munsi ya 20%. Gutakaza intambara yo gutemba kwamazi byari murutonde rwa SNF> SBC8> SBC7> SBC6. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko naphthalene superplasticizer yinjizwa cyane hejuru yubutaka bwa sima n'imbaraga zanga indege. Hamwe niterambere ryamazi, amazi asigaye agabanya molekile ya agent ya slurry iragabanuka, kuburyo amazi ya adsorbed agabanya molekile ya agent hejuru yubutaka bwa sima nayo igabanuka buhoro buhoro. Kwanga hagati yuduce duto biracika intege, kandi sima ibice bitanga ubukana bwumubiri, ibyo bikaba byerekana kugabanuka kwamazi ya net slurry. Kubwibyo, gutakaza umuvuduko wa sima slurry ivanze na naphthalene superplasticizer ni byinshi. Nyamara, ibintu byinshi bya naphthalene bigabanya amazi akoreshwa mubuhanga byavanze neza kugirango tunoze iyi nenge. Rero, mubijyanye no kugumana ibintu, SBC iruta SNF.

2.3.2 Ingaruka zubushobozi no gushiraho igihe cya sima

Nyuma yo kongeramo ibikoresho bigabanya amazi mukuvanga sima, ibice bya sima byamamaza amazi agabanya molekile ya agent, bityo ibintu byamashanyarazi bishobora kuba mubice bya sima birashobora guhinduka bivuye mubyiza bikabi, kandi agaciro kiyongera cyane. Agaciro ntarengwa k'ubushobozi bwa sima buvanze na SNF burenze ubwa SBC. Muri icyo gihe, igihe cyo gushiraho paste ya sima ivanze na SBC yongerewe kuri dogere zitandukanye ugereranije nicyitegererezo cyambaye ubusa, kandi igihe cyo kugena cyari murutonde rwa SBC6> SBC7> SBC8 kuva muremure kugeza mugufi. Birashobora kugaragara ko hamwe no kugabanuka kwa SBC kuranga ubukonje no kwiyongera kwa sulferi, igihe cyo gushiraho paste ya sima kigabanuka buhoro buhoro. Ni ukubera ko SBC ari iy'ibikomoka kuri polypolysaccharide, kandi hariho amatsinda menshi ya hydroxyl kumurongo wa molekile, ifite ingaruka zitandukanye zo kudindiza ingaruka ziterwa na hydrata ya sima ya Portland. Hariho ubwoko bune bwuburyo bwo kudindiza ibintu, kandi uburyo bwo kudindiza SBC burasa nkibi bikurikira: Muburyo bwa alkaline yo hagati ya sima hydrata, itsinda rya hydroxyl hamwe na Ca2 + yubusa bigira urwego rudahungabana, kuburyo kwibumbira hamwe kwa Ca2 10 mugice cyamazi. igabanuka, ariko kandi irashobora kwamamazwa hejuru yubutaka bwa sima nibicuruzwa biva mumazi hejuru ya 02- kugirango bibe imigozi ya hydrogène, hamwe nandi matsinda ya hydroxyl hamwe na molekile zamazi binyuze mumashyirahamwe ya hydrogène, kuburyo ubuso bwibice bya sima byagize urwego rwa firime yamashanyarazi ikemutse. Rero, inzira ya hydrata ya sima irabujijwe. Nyamara, umubare wamatsinda ya hydroxyl mumurongo wa SBC hamwe nibintu bya sulferi bitandukanye biratandukanye cyane, kubwibyo bigira ingaruka kubikorwa bya hydrata ya sima bigomba kuba bitandukanye.

2.3.3 Igipimo cyo kugabanya amazi ya Mortar no kugerageza imbaraga

Nkuko imikorere ya minisiteri ishobora kwerekana imikorere ya beto kurwego runaka, iyi mpapuro yiga cyane cyane imikorere ya minisiteri ivanze na SBC. Ikoreshwa ry’amazi ya minisiteri ryahinduwe hakurikijwe igipimo cyo gupima igipimo cy’igabanuka ry’amazi ya minisiteri, ku buryo kwagura urugero rwa minisiteri byageze kuri mm (180 ± 5), naho 40 mm × 40 mlTl × 160 ingero zateguwe kugira ngo zipime compressive imbaraga za buri myaka. Ugereranije nubusa butagira imiti igabanya amazi, imbaraga zintangarugero za minisiteri hamwe nigikorwa cyo kugabanya amazi muri buri kigero cyazamutse muburyo butandukanye. Imbaraga zo guhonyora ingero zagabanijwe hamwe na 1.0% SNF yiyongereyeho 46%, 35% na 20% muburyo bwiminsi 3, 7 na 28. Ingaruka za SBC6, SBC7 na SBC8 ku mbaraga zo guhonyora za minisiteri ntabwo ari imwe. Imbaraga za minisiteri ivanze na SBC6 yiyongera gake kuri buri myaka, kandi imbaraga za minisiteri kuri 3 d, 7 d na 28d ziyongera 15%, 3% na 2%. Imbaraga zo guhonyora za minisiteri ivanze na SBC8 yiyongereye cyane, kandi imbaraga zayo muminsi 3, 7 na 28 ziyongereyeho 61%, 45% na 18%, byerekana ko SBC8 ifite imbaraga zo kugabanya amazi no gushimangira ingufu za sima.

2.3.4 Ingaruka yimiterere ya molekulari ya SBC

Ufatanije nisesengura ryavuzwe haruguru ku ngaruka za SBC kuri paste ya sima na minisiteri, ntago bigoye kubona ko imiterere ya molekile ya SBC, nkubwiza bwiranga (bujyanye nuburemere bwa molekile ugereranije, ubwiza rusange buranga ni bwinshi, isano yayo uburemere bwa molekile ni ndende), ibirimo sulfure (bijyanye nurwego rwo gusimbuza amatsinda akomeye ya hydrophilique kumurongo wa molekile, ibirimo sulfure nyinshi ni murwego rwo hejuru rwo gusimbuza, Kandi ibinyuranye) bigena imikorere ya SBC. Iyo ibikubiye muri SBC8 bifite ubukonje buke bwimbere hamwe na sulfure nyinshi biri hasi, birashobora kugira ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza ibice bya sima, kandi ibyuzuye nabyo bikaba bike, hafi 1.0%. Kwagura igihe cyo gushiraho sima paste ni ngufi. Imbaraga zo guhonyora za minisiteri hamwe na fluidite imwe yiyongera bigaragara kuri buri myaka. Nyamara, SBC6 ifite ubwiza bwimbere bwimbere hamwe na sulfure nkeya ifite amazi make mugihe ibiyirimo ari bike. Nyamara, iyo ibiyirimo byiyongereye kugera kuri 1.5%, ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukwirakwiza ibice bya sima nabyo ni byinshi. Ariko, igihe cyo gushiraho igihe cyiza cyongerewe igihe kinini, cyerekana ibiranga gushiraho buhoro. Gutezimbere imbaraga za minisiteri yo kwikuramo imyaka itandukanye irahari. Muri rusange, SBC iruta SNF mukugumana amazi ya minisiteri.

3. Umwanzuro

1. Uburyo bwiza bwo kwitwara kubicuruzwa nibi bikurikira: umurongo (Na0H); Na (AGU); n (BS) -2.5: 1.0: 1.7, igihe cyo kwitwara cyari 4.5h, ubushyuhe bwa reaction bwari 75 ℃. Gusubiramo inshuro nyinshi hamwe na etherification birashobora kugabanya ubukana buranga no kongera sulfure yibicuruzwa.

2. Iyo igipimo cyo kugabanya amazi ya minisiteri kigeze kuri 16.5%, imbaraga zo kwikuramo urugero rwa minisiteri kuri buri myaka yiyongera bigaragara.

3. Gukoresha SBC nkumukozi ugabanya amazi byerekana urwego runaka rwo kudindira. Mugihe cyimiterere ikwiye iranga ubukonje, birashoboka kubona amazi meza yo kugabanya amazi meza yongerera sulfure no kugabanya impamyabumenyi. Hifashishijwe ibipimo ngenderwaho by’igihugu bijyanye n’ibivangwa na beto, biteganijwe ko SBC izahinduka umukozi ugabanya amazi ufite agaciro gakoreshwa, kugabanya amazi agabanya amazi, kugabanya ibikorwa bigabanya amazi meza, ndetse n’umukozi ugabanya amazi meza.