Minisiteri ivanze yiteguye igabanijwemo amavuta avanze na minisiteri yumye ukurikije uburyo bwo gukora. Uruvange ruvanze nuruvange ruvanze namazi rwitwa minisiteri ivanze, naho imvange ikomeye ikozwe mubikoresho byumye byitwa minisiteri yumye. Hano haribikoresho byinshi bibisi bigira uruhare mumyiteguro ivanze. Usibye ibikoresho bya simaitima, igiteranyo, hamwe n’ibindi bivangwa n’amabuye y'agaciro, hakenewe kongerwamo imbaraga kugira ngo habeho plastike, kubika amazi, no guhoraho. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwimvange ya minisiteri yiteguye-ivanze, ishobora kugabanywa muri selile ya selile, etarike ya krahisi, ifu ya redxersible latex, bentonite, nibindi biva mubigize imiti; Irashobora kugabanywamo ibikoresho byinjira mu kirere, stabilisateur, fibre anti-cracking, Retarder, yihuta, kugabanya amazi, gutatanya, nibindi. Iyi ngingo irasuzuma iterambere ryubushakashatsi bwibintu byinshi bikoreshwa mubisanzwe bivangwa na minisiteri ivanze.
1 Imvange isanzwe ya minisiteri yiteguye
1.1 Umukozi winjiza ikirere
Umukozi winjiza ikirere ni umukozi ukora, kandi ubwoko busanzwe burimo rosine, alkyl na alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon sulfonic acide, nibindi. Hariho amatsinda ya hydrophilique hamwe nitsinda rya hydrophobi muri molekile yinjira mu kirere. Iyo igikoresho cyinjiza ikirere cyongewe kuri minisiteri, itsinda rya hydrophilique ya molekile ya agent yinjira mu kirere ryamamajwe nuduce twa sima, mugihe itsinda rya hydrophobique rihujwe nuduce duto two mu kirere. Kandi bikwirakwijwe neza muri minisiteri, kugirango bidindiza inzira yo gutangira hakiri kare ya sima, kunoza imikorere yo gufata amazi ya minisiteri, kugabanya igihombo cyo guhuzagurika, kandi mugihe kimwe, utubuto duto two mu kirere dushobora kugira uruhare rwo gusiga, kunoza pompe na sprayability ya minisiteri.
Ingaruka z'umukozi winjiza ikirere ku mikorere ya minisiteri yo gutera imashini ivanze, ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko: umukozi winjiza ikirere yinjije umubare munini w’imyuka mito mu kirere, byongera imikorere ya minisiteri, bigabanya kurwanya mugihe cyo kuvoma no gutera, no kugabanya gufunga Fenomenon; kongeramo ibikoresho byinjira mu kirere bigabanya imbaraga zingirakamaro zingirakamaro za minisiteri, no gutakaza imbaraga zingirakamaro zingirakamaro za minisiteri yiyongera hamwe no kwiyongera kubirimo; Umuyoboro winjiza ikirere utezimbere ubudahwema, 2h igipimo cyo gutakaza no kugumana amazi ya minisiteri Igipimo nibindi bipimo byerekana imikorere biteza imbere gutera no kuvoma imikorere ya mashini yo gutera imashini, kurundi ruhande, bitera gutakaza imbaraga zo kwikuramo no guhuza imbaraga za minisiteri.
Ingaruka yibintu bitatu bisanzwe biboneka mubucuruzi byinjiza ikirere kuri minisiteri ivanze. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko utabanje gusuzuma ingaruka za selile ya selile, kwiyongera k'umukozi winjiza ikirere bishobora kugabanya neza ubwinshi bw’amazi ya minisiteri ivanze, hamwe n'ibiri muri minisiteri Ubwinshi bw’ikirere no guhora byiyongera cyane, mu gihe igipimo cyo gufata amazi nimbaraga zo kwikuramo ziragabanuka; kandi binyuze mubushakashatsi bwibipimo byerekana imikorere ya minisiteri ivanze na selile ether hamwe na agent yinjira mu kirere, usanga ihinduka ry’imihindagurikire yombi rigomba gutekerezwa nyuma y’umukozi winjiza ikirere na selile ether ivanze. Ether ya selile irashobora gutuma ibintu bimwe na bimwe byinjira mu kirere binanirwa, bityo bikagabanya igipimo cyo gufata amazi ya minisiteri.
Kuvanga rimwe gusa ibintu byinjira mu kirere, kugabanya kugabanya kugabanya no kuvanga byombi bigira uruhare runini kumiterere ya minisiteri. Wang Quanlei yasanze kongerwamo ibikoresho byinjira mu kirere byongera umuvuduko wa minisiteri, kandi kongeramo imiti igabanya kugabanya kugabanya umuvuduko wa minisiteri. Byombi birashobora gutinza gucamo impeta ya minisiteri. Iyo byombi bivanze, igipimo cyo kugabanuka kwa minisiteri ntigihinduka cyane, kandi kurwanya kwangirika byiyongera.
1.2 Isubiranamo ryifu ya latex
Ifu ya redispersible latex ni igice cyingenzi cyifu yumye yumye. Nibikoresho bya elegitoronike byamazi byamazi byakozwe na polymer-emulioni ya molekile nyinshi binyuze mubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe numuvuduko mwinshi, kumisha spray, kuvura hejuru nibindi bikorwa. Roger yizera ko emulisiyo ikorwa nifu ya latx ishobora kuvugururwa muri sima ya sima ikora imiterere ya firime ya polymer imbere muri minisiteri, ishobora kuzamura ubushobozi bwa minisiteri ya sima yo kurwanya ibyangiritse.
Porogaramu yubushakashatsi bwibisubizo bya pisitori ya latx isubirwamo muri sima ya sima yerekana ko ifu ya redxersible powder ishobora kunoza imiterere nubukomezi bwibikoresho, kunoza imikorere yimyunyu mvange ivanze, kandi bikagira ingaruka zimwe zo kugabanya amazi. Itsinda rye ryakoze ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka za sisitemu yo gukiza ku mbaraga zingana na minisiteri, maze baza gufata umwanzuro umwe ko ifu ya latx ikwirakwizwa ituma minisiteri ihura n’ibidukikije kamere idashobora guhangana n’ubushyuhe n’ubushyuhe. Twakoresheje XCT kugirango twige ingaruka zubwoko butandukanye bwifu ya reberi mumabuye yahinduwe kumiterere ya pore, kandi twizeraga ko ugereranije na minisiteri isanzwe, umubare wibyobo nubunini bwibyobo byahinduwe byari byinshi.
Ibyiciro bitandukanye hamwe nubunini bwa porojeri yahinduwe byatoranijwe kugirango bigerageze ingaruka zabyo mumikorere ya minisiteri idafite amazi. Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi byagaragaje ko mugihe ingano yifu ya reberi yahinduwe yari murwego rwa 1.0% kugeza 1.5%, imikorere yibyiciro bitandukanye byifu ya rubber yari iringaniye. . Nyuma yifu ya redispersible latex yongewe kuri sima, umuvuduko wambere wogutanga sima uratinda, firime ya polymer ipfunyika uduce twa sima, sima iba yuzuye neza, kandi imitungo itandukanye iratera imbere. Binyuze mu bushakashatsi, usanga kuvanga ifu ya redispersible latex muri minisiteri ya sima bishobora kugabanya amazi, kandi ifu ya latex na sima bishobora gukora urwego rwurusobe kugirango byongere imbaraga za minisiteri, bigabanye icyuho cya minisiteri, kandi bitezimbere imikorere ya minisiteri.
Ingaruka zo guhindura ifu ya redxersible powder kumiterere ya ultra-nziza yumusenyi wa sima. Mu bushakashatsi, igipimo cyagenwe cya lime-umucanga ni 1: 2.5, ubudahwema ni (70 ± 5) mm, kandi ingano yifu ya reberi yatoranijwe nka 0-3% yubunini bwumucanga, impinduka muri imitungo ya microscopique ya minisiteri yahinduwe muminsi 28 yasesenguwe na SEM, kandi ibisubizo byerekanaga ko uko ibintu biri hejuru yifu ya redispersible powderx, niko bigenda bikomeza firime ya polymer yakozwe hejuru yumusaruro wa minisiteri, kandi imikorere myiza minisiteri.
Uburyo bwibikorwa bya porojeri ya latx isubirwamo mumashanyarazi ya EPS, ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko nyuma yo kuvangwa na sima ya sima, uduce twa polymer na sima bizahurira hamwe, bigakora urwego rufatanye hamwe, kandi bigakora umuyoboro wuzuye mugihe cyogutanga amazi. imiterere, bityo bitezimbere cyane guhuza imbaraga zingirakamaro hamwe nubwubatsi bwimikorere ya minisiteri yumuriro.
1.3 Ifu yuzuye
Imikorere yifu yifu nugutezimbere imikorere yuzuye ya minisiteri. Nibikoresho byifu bidafite umwuka byateguwe mubikoresho bitandukanye kama kama, polymers organic, surfactants nibindi bikoresho bidasanzwe. Ifu yibyibushye irimo ifu ya latx isubirwamo, bentonite, ifu yumutungo wa organic organique, umubyimba ugumana amazi, nibindi, bigira ingaruka zimwe na zimwe za adsorption kuri molekile zamazi yumubiri, ntibishobora gusa kongera umurongo no kugumana amazi ya minisiteri, ariko kandi bifite aho bihurira neza. sima zitandukanye. Guhuza birashobora kunoza cyane imikorere ya minisiteri. Twize ku ngaruka za porojeri ya HJ-C2 yibyibushye ku miterere ya minisiteri isanzwe ivanze, kandi ibisubizo byerekana ko ifu yuzuye itagira ingaruka nke ku guhuza hamwe nimbaraga za 28d zo kwikuramo imbaraga zumye zivanze na minisiteri isanzwe, kandi ifite ibyiza Ingaruka kumurongo urwego rwo kunoza minisiteri. Ingaruka yifu yifu nibice bitandukanye kumurongo wumubiri nubukanishi hamwe nigihe kirekire cya minisiteri nshya munsi ya dosiye zitandukanye. Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi byerekana ko imikorere ya minisiteri nshya yazamutse cyane kubera kongeramo ifu yuzuye. Kwinjizamo ifu ya redxersible latex yongerera imbaraga imbaraga za minisiteri kandi bikagabanya imbaraga zo kwikuramo za minisiteri, kandi kwinjiza ether ya selile na etheric organique bigabanya imbaraga zo kwikuramo no guhindagurika kwa minisiteri; Kuramba kwa minisiteri yumye byaragize ingaruka, byongera kugabanuka kwa minisiteri. Ingaruka zo guhuza bentonite na selulose ether ku bipimo byerekana imikorere ya minisiteri ivanze, hashingiwe ku kwemeza imikorere myiza ya minisiteri, hanzuwe ko urugero rwiza rwa bentonite rugera kuri 10kg / m3, hamwe na selile nziza ya selile. ni kole 0,05% yumubare wuzuye wibikoresho bya sima. Muri iki kigereranyo, ifu yuzuye ivanze na byombi igira ingaruka nziza kumikorere yuzuye ya minisiteri.
1.4
Cellulose ether yakomotse ku gusobanura inkuta z’ibimera n’umuhinzi w’Abafaransa Anselme Payon mu myaka ya 1830. Ihingurwa no gukora selile kuva mubiti na pamba hamwe na soda ya caustic, hanyuma ukongeramo imiti ya etherification kugirango imiti ikorwe. Kuberako selile ya selile ifite amazi meza hamwe ningaruka zo kubyimba, kongeramo agace gato ka selile ya sima kuri sima birashobora kunoza imikorere yimikorere ya minisiteri ivanze. Mu bikoresho bishingiye kuri sima, ubwoko bukunze gukoreshwa muri selile ya selile harimo methyl selulose ether (MC), hydroxyethyl selulose ether (HEC), hydroxyethyl methyl selulose ether (HEMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose Hydroxypropyl methyl selulose ether na hydroxyethyl methyl selulose ether. Byakoreshejwe.
Hydroxypropyl methyl selulose ether (HPMC) igira uruhare runini mumazi, gufata amazi hamwe nimbaraga zo guhuza imbaraga za minisiteri. Ibisubizo byerekana ko ether ya selile ishobora kunoza cyane gufata amazi ya minisiteri, kugabanya ubudahangarwa bwa minisiteri, no kugira ingaruka nziza yo kudindiza; iyo ingano ya hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether iri hagati ya 0.02% na 0.04% ,, imbaraga za minisiteri ziragabanuka cyane. Xu Fenlian yaganiriye ku ngaruka za hydrocarubone propyl methyl selulose ether ku mikorere ya minisiteri ivanze yifashishije ihinduka ry’ibirimo hydrocarbon propyl methyl selulose ether. Ibisubizo byerekana ko selulose ether igira ingaruka zo guhumeka ikirere kandi igateza imbere imikorere ya minisiteri. Kugumana amazi yayo bigabanya urwego rwa minisiteri kandi bikongerera igihe cyo gukora. Ninyongera yo hanze ishobora kunoza neza imikorere ya minisiteri. Mu gihe cy’ubushakashatsi, byagaragaye kandi ko ibikubiye muri selile ya selile bitagomba kuba hejuru cyane, bitabaye ibyo bikazatuma ubwiyongere bukabije bw’ikirere cya minisiteri, bikaviramo kugabanuka kwinshi, gutakaza imbaraga na an Ingaruka ku bwiza bwa minisiteri. Ingaruka ya selulose ether kumiterere ya minisiteri yiteguye. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko kongeramo ether ya selile bishobora guteza imbere cyane amazi ya minisiteri, kandi icyarimwe bigira ingaruka zikomeye zo kugabanya amazi kuri minisiteri. Ether ya selile irashobora kandi gutuma imvange ya minisiteri Yagabanutse ubwinshi, igihe kinini cyo gushiraho, kugabanya imbaraga zo guhindagurika no kwikuramo imbaraga. Cellulose ether hamwe na krahisi ether ni ubwoko bubiri bwimvange bukunze gukoreshwa mubwubatsi. Ingaruka zombi zavanze zumye-zivanze na minisiteri kumikorere ya minisiteri. Ibisubizo byerekana ko guhuza byombi bishobora kuzamura cyane imbaraga zububiko bwa minisiteri.
Intiti nyinshi zize ku ngaruka za selile ya selile ku mbaraga za sima ya sima, ariko kubera ubwoko bwa selile ya selile, ibipimo bya molekile nabyo biratandukanye, bikavamo itandukaniro rinini mu mikorere ya sima yahinduwe. Ingaruka ya viscosity na dosiye ya selile ya ether kumiterere yubukanishi bwa sima. Ibisubizo byerekana ko imbaraga za sima ya sima yahinduwe hamwe na selile ya ether hamwe na viscosity nyinshi iri hasi, kandi imbaraga zo guhonyora za sima slurry zerekana ubwiyongere bukabije bwa dosiye ya selile. Inzira yo kugabanuka hanyuma amaherezo igahinduka, mugihe imbaraga zihindagurika zerekanaga inzira ihinduka yo kwiyongera, kugabanuka, guhagarara no kwiyongera gato.
2 Epilogue
. Haracyariho isesengura ryinshi ryingaruka ziterwa no kongeramo ibivanze kuri molekile yibigize ibikoresho bishingiye kuri sima, guhindura imbaraga zo guhuza imiyoboro, hamwe nuburyo bwo kuyobora.
(2) Ingaruka yimvange igomba kugaragara mubikorwa bya injeniyeri. Kugeza ubu, isesengura ryinshi riracyagarukira gusa kuri analyse ya laboratoire. Ubwoko butandukanye bwurukuta rwubutaka, hejuru yubuso, kwinjiza amazi, nibindi bifite ibisabwa bitandukanye kubipimo bifatika bya minisiteri ivanze. Ibihe bitandukanye, ubushyuhe, umuvuduko wumuyaga, imbaraga zimashini zikoreshwa nuburyo bukoreshwa, nibindi byose bigira ingaruka muburyo butaziguye. Ingaruka zo kuvanga minisiteri. Kugirango tugere ku ngaruka nziza yo gukoresha mu buhanga, minisiteri yiteguye kuvangwa igomba kuba itandukanye kandi igashyirwa ku giti cye, kandi iboneza ry'umusaruro n'ibisabwa kugira ngo uruganda rugomba gusuzumwa neza, kandi hagomba gukorwa igenzura ry'umusaruro wa laboratoire. hanze, kugirango tugere kurwego runini rwo gutezimbere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-22-2022