Iterambere ryubushakashatsi bwa selile ether yahinduwe minisiteri

ubwoko bwa selulose ether nibikorwa byayo byingenzi muri minisiteri ivanze nuburyo bwo gusuzuma imitungo nko kubika amazi, ubukonje nimbaraga zumubano birasesengurwa. Uburyo bwo kudindiza na microstructure ya selulose ether muri minisiteri yumye ivanze nubusabane hagati yimiterere yimiterere ya selile yihariye ya selile selile ether yahinduwe na minisiteri irasobanurwa. Hashingiwe kuri ibyo, hasabwa ko ari ngombwa kwihutisha ubushakashatsi ku bijyanye no gutakaza amazi vuba. Uburyo bwa hydratiya yuburyo bwa selulose ether yahinduye minisiteri muburyo buto kandi amategeko yo gukwirakwiza umwanya wa polymer murwego rwa minisiteri. Mugihe kizaza gikurikizwa mubikorwa, ingaruka za selulose ether yahinduwe minisiteri kumihindagurikire yubushyuhe no guhuza nibindi bivanze bigomba gutekerezwa byuzuye. Ubu bushakashatsi buzateza imbere iterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya tekinoroji ya CE yahinduwe nka minisiteri yo hanze yomekaho plaque, putty, mortar hamwe nandi mato mato.

Amagambo y'ingenzi:selile ether; Amashanyarazi yumye; uburyo

1. Intangiriro

Ubusanzwe busanzwe bwumye, urukuta rwo hanze rukingira urukuta, minisiteri yo gutuza, umusenyi utagira amazi nandi mabuye yumye byahindutse igice cyingenzi mubikoresho byubaka bishingiye mu gihugu cyacu, kandi ether ya selulose ni inkomoko ya ether selile isanzwe, hamwe ninyongera yingirakamaro yubwoko butandukanye ya minisiteri yumye, idindiza, kubika amazi, kubyimba, kwinjiza umwuka, gufatira hamwe nindi mirimo.

Uruhare rwa CE muri minisiteri rugaragarira cyane cyane mu kuzamura imikorere ya minisiteri no kwemeza ko sima igenda neza. Gutezimbere imikorere ya minisiteri bigaragarira cyane cyane mu gufata amazi, kurwanya kumanika no gufungura, cyane cyane mukugirango amakarita ya minisiteri yoroheje, ikarita ya pompe ikwirakwizwa no kuzamura umuvuduko wubwubatsi bwa minisiteri idasanzwe ihuza inyungu n’ubukungu n’ubukungu.

Nubwo ubushakashatsi bwinshi kuri minisiteri yahinduwe bwakozwe na CE kandi hakaba hari byinshi byagezweho mubushakashatsi bwikoranabuhanga bwakoreshejwe muri minisiteri yahinduwe, haracyari ibitagenda neza mubushakashatsi bwubushakashatsi bwakozwe na CE yahinduwe, cyane cyane imikoranire hagati ya CE na sima, guteranya hamwe na matrix munsi yimikoreshereze idasanzwe. Kubwibyo, Dushingiye ku ncamake y’ibisubizo by’ubushakashatsi bijyanye, iyi mpapuro ivuga ko hagomba gukorwa ubundi bushakashatsi ku bushyuhe no guhuza n’ibindi bivangwa.

2、uruhare no gutondekanya selile ether

2.1 Itondekanya rya selile ether

Ubwoko bwinshi bwa selile ya selile, hari hafi igihumbi, muri rusange, ukurikije imikorere ya ionisation irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bya ionic na non-ionic ubwoko bwa 2, mubikoresho bishingiye kuri sima bitewe na ionic selulose ether (nka carboxymethyl selulose, CMC ) izagusha hamwe na Ca2 + kandi idahindagurika, kuburyo budakoreshwa. Nonionic selulose ether irashobora gukurikiza (1) ubwiza bwumuti usanzwe wamazi; (2) ubwoko bw'abasimbuye; (3) urwego rwo gusimburwa; (4) imiterere y'umubiri; (5) Gutondekanya ibisubizo, nibindi

Imiterere ya CE iterwa ahanini nubwoko, ubwinshi nogukwirakwiza insimburangingo, bityo rero CE ikunze kugabanywa ukurikije ubwoko bwabasimbuye. Nka methyl selileulose ether nigice gisanzwe cya glucose ya glucose kuri hydroxyl isimburwa nibicuruzwa bya mikorobe, hydroxypropyl methyl selulose ether HPMC ni hydroxyl na methoxy, hydroxypropyl yasimbuye ibicuruzwa. Kugeza ubu, ibice birenga 90% bya selile ya selile ikoreshwa cyane cyane methyl hydroxypropyl selulose ether (MHPC) na methyl hydroxyethyl selulose ether (MHEC).

2.2 Uruhare rwa selile ether muri minisiteri

Uruhare rwa CE muri minisiteri rugaragarira cyane cyane mu bintu bitatu bikurikira: ubushobozi bwiza bwo gufata amazi, ingaruka ku guhuza hamwe na thixotropy ya minisiteri no guhindura imvugo.

Kugumana amazi ya CE ntibishobora gusa guhindura igihe cyo gufungura no gushyiraho uburyo bwa sisitemu ya minisiteri, kugirango uhindure igihe cyo gukora cya sisitemu, ariko kandi birinda ibikoresho fatizo kwinjiza amazi menshi kandi yihuse kandi bikabuza guhumeka amazi, kugirango tumenye neza ko amazi arekurwa buhoro buhoro mugihe cya sima. Kugumana amazi ya CE bifitanye isano ahanini nubunini bwa CE, ubwiza, ubwiza nubushyuhe bwibidukikije. Ingaruka yo gufata amazi ya CE yahinduwe na CE biterwa no kwinjiza amazi kwifatizo, imiterere ya minisiteri, ubunini bwikigero, amazi asabwa, igihe cyagenwe cyibikoresho bya sima, nibindi. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko mugukoresha nyirizina ya bimwe mubikoresho bya ceramic tile binders, kubera substrate yumye izahita ikuramo amazi menshi ava mumashanyarazi, igisima cya sima hafi yo gutakaza amazi ya substrate biganisha kurwego rwa hydrata ya sima munsi ya 30%, idashobora gusa gukora sima gusa. gel hamwe nimbaraga zo guhuza hejuru ya substrate, ariko kandi biroroshye gutera kumeneka no kumazi.

Amazi asabwa muri sisitemu ya minisiteri ni ikintu cyingenzi. Amazi yibanze asabwa hamwe numusaruro ujyanye na minisiteri biterwa nubutaka bwa minisiteri, ni ukuvuga umubare wibikoresho bya sima, igiteranyo hamwe hamwe hamwe, ariko kwinjiza CE birashobora guhindura neza ibisabwa byamazi n’umusaruro wa minisiteri. Muri sisitemu nyinshi zubaka, CE ikoreshwa nkibibyimbye kugirango ihindure sisitemu. Ingaruka yibyibushye ya CE biterwa nurwego rwa polymerisation ya CE, kwibanda kumuti, igipimo cyogosha, ubushyuhe nibindi bihe. CE igisubizo cyamazi hamwe nubwiza bwinshi bufite thixotropy nyinshi. Iyo ubushyuhe bwiyongereye, gele yubatswe ikorwa kandi tixotropy itemba ikabaho, nayo ikaba ari ikintu cyingenzi kiranga CE.

Kwiyongera kwa CE birashobora guhindura neza imitungo ya rheologiya ya sisitemu yububiko, kugirango irusheho kunoza imikorere yakazi, kugirango minisiteri igire imikorere myiza, imikorere irwanya kumanikwa, kandi ntabwo yubahiriza ibikoresho byubwubatsi. Iyi mitungo yorohereza minisiteri kuringaniza no gukira.

2.3 Isuzuma ryimikorere ya selileose ether yahinduwe

Isuzuma ryimikorere ya CE yahinduwe cyane cyane harimo kubika amazi, ubukonje, imbaraga zububiko, nibindi.

Kubika amazi nigipimo cyingenzi cyerekana imikorere ifitanye isano na mikorere ya minisiteri yahinduwe. Kugeza ubu, hari uburyo bwinshi bwo gupima, ariko inyinshi murizo zikoresha uburyo bwa pompe vacuum kugirango zikuremo neza. Kurugero, ibihugu byamahanga bikoresha cyane cyane DIN 18555 (uburyo bwo gupima ibikoresho bya sima ya organisant sima), naho inganda zikora beto zikoreshwa mubufaransa zikoresha uburyo bwo kuyungurura. Igipimo cy’imbere mu gihugu kirimo uburyo bwo gupima amazi gifite JC / T 517-2004 (plaster plaster), ihame ryibanze nuburyo bwo kubara hamwe n’ibipimo by’amahanga birahuye, byose binyuze mu kugena igipimo cyo kwinjiza amazi ya minisiteri yavuze ko kubika amazi ya minisiteri.

Viscosity nikindi kintu cyingenzi cyerekana imikorere ijyanye neza na mikorere ya CE yahinduwe. Hariho uburyo bune bukoreshwa muburyo bwo gupima viscosity: Brookileld, Hakke, Hoppler nuburyo bwa rotc viscometer. Uburyo bune bukoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye, kwibanda kubisubizo, ibidukikije byo kugerageza, igisubizo kimwe rero cyageragejwe nuburyo bune ntabwo ari ibisubizo bimwe. Muri icyo gihe, ubwiza bwa CE buratandukana nubushyuhe nubushuhe, bityo ubwiza bwikigereranyo kimwe cyahinduwe na minisiteri ya CE burahinduka kuburyo bugaragara, nicyo cyerekezo cyingenzi kigomba kwigwa kuri minisiteri yahinduwe muri iki gihe.

Ikizamini cyingufu za Bond kigenwa hakurikijwe icyerekezo cyo gukoresha minisiteri, nka minisiteri yububiko bwa ceramic yerekeza cyane cyane kuri "ceramic wall tile adhesive" (JC / T 547-2005), minisiteri yo gukingira yerekeza cyane cyane kuri "tekiniki ya tekinoroji yo hanze" (( DB 31. Mu bihugu by’amahanga, imbaraga zifatika zirangwa nimbaraga zidasanzwe zasabwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’Abayapani ry’ubumenyi bw’ibikoresho (ikizamini cyerekana minisiteri isanzwe ya minisiteri isanzwe yaciwemo ibice bibiri bifite ubunini bwa 160mm × 40mm × 40mm hamwe na minisiteri yahinduwe ikozwe mu byitegererezo nyuma yo gukira , hamwe no kwifashisha uburyo bwo gupima imbaraga za flexural imbaraga za sima ya marima).

3. Ubushakashatsi bujyanye niterambere rya selileose ether yahinduwe

Ubushakashatsi bujyanye na CE bwahinduwe bwa minisiteri yibanda cyane cyane ku mikoranire hagati ya CE nibintu bitandukanye muri sisitemu ya minisiteri. Ibikorwa bya chimique imbere yibikoresho bishingiye kuri sima byahinduwe na CE birashobora kwerekanwa cyane nka CE n'amazi, ibikorwa bya hydrata ya sima ubwayo, CE hamwe nuduce duto twa sima, CE nibicuruzwa bitanga amazi. Imikoranire hagati ya CE nuduce twa sima / ibicuruzwa biva mu mazi bigaragarira cyane cyane muri adsorption hagati ya CE na sima.

Imikoranire hagati ya CE nuduce twa sima yavuzwe mu gihugu no hanze yacyo. Kurugero, Liu Guanghua n'abandi. yapimye ubushobozi bwa Zeta bwa CE yahinduye sima slurry colloid mugihe yiga uburyo bwibikorwa bya CE mumazi yo munsi y'amazi adasobanutse. Ibisubizo byerekanye ko: Ubushobozi bwa Zeta (-12,6mV) bwa sima-yuzuye sima ni ntoya ugereranije na sima ya sima (-21.84mV), byerekana ko ibice bya sima mubice bya sima byometseho sima bitwikiriwe na polymer idafite ionic, ituma amashanyarazi abiri yikwirakwizwa yoroheje kandi imbaraga zanga hagati ya colloid idakomeye.

3.1 Gusubiza inyuma ibitekerezo bya selulose ether yahinduwe

Mu bushakashatsi bujyanye na CE yahinduwe na minisiteri, muri rusange abantu bemeza ko CE idaha minisiteri gusa imikorere myiza, ahubwo inagabanya ubushyuhe bwa hydrata hakiri kare ya sima kandi ikadindiza inzira ya hydrata ya sima.

Ingaruka zo kudindiza za CE zifitanye isano cyane cyane nubunini bwacyo hamwe nuburyo bwa molekuline muri sisitemu ya sima ya sima, ariko ntaho ihuriye nuburemere bwa molekile. Birashobora kugaragara uhereye ku miterere yimiterere ya chimique ya CE kuri hydrata kinetics ya sima ko uko ibirimo CE bigenda byiyongera, niko urwego rwo gusimbuza alkyl ruto, niko ibirimo hydroxyl nini, ningaruka zo gutinda kwa hydration. Kubireba imiterere ya molekile, gusimbuza hydrophilique (urugero, HEC) bigira ingaruka zikomeye zo gusimbuza hydrophobique (urugero, MH, HEMC, HMPC).

Urebye imikoranire hagati ya CE na sima ibice, uburyo bwo kudindiza bugaragarira mubice bibiri. Ku ruhande rumwe, adsorption ya molekile ya CE ku bicuruzwa bitanga amazi nka c - s –H na Ca (OH) 2 birinda kongera amazi ya sima; kurundi ruhande, ubwiza bwumuti wa pore bwiyongera kubera CE, igabanya ion (Ca2 +, so42-…). Igikorwa mubisubizo bya pore birarinda inzira ya hydration.

CE ntabwo idindiza gushiraho gusa, ahubwo inadindiza inzira yo gukomera ya sisitemu ya minisiteri. Byagaragaye ko CE igira ingaruka kuri hydration kinetics ya C3S na C3A muri clinker ya sima muburyo butandukanye. CE yagabanije cyane igipimo cya reaction ya C3s yihuta, kandi yongerera igihe cyo kwinjiza C3A / CaSO4. Gusubira inyuma kwa c3s bizadindiza inzira yo gukomera kwa minisiteri, mugihe iyongerwa ryigihe cyo kwinjiza sisitemu ya C3A / CaSO4 bizadindiza ishyirwaho rya minisiteri.

3.2 Microstructure ya selulose ether yahinduwe minisiteri

Uburyo bwo guhindura CE kuri microstructure ya minisiteri yahinduwe yakwegereye abantu benshi. Bigaragarira cyane cyane mu ngingo zikurikira:

Ubwa mbere, ubushakashatsi bwibanze ku buryo bwo gukora firime na morphologie ya CE muri minisiteri. Kubera ko CE ikunze gukoreshwa nizindi polymers, nibyingenzi byibandwaho mubushakashatsi kugirango itandukane imiterere yayo nizindi polymers muri minisiteri.

Icya kabiri, ingaruka za CE kuri microstructure yibicuruzwa bivamo sima nabyo ni icyerekezo cyingenzi cyubushakashatsi. Nkuko bigaragara muri firime igizwe na CE kugeza kubicuruzwa biva mu mazi, ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bigira imiterere ihoraho kuri interineti ya cE ihuza ibicuruzwa bitandukanye. Muri 2008, K.Pen n'abandi. yakoresheje isothermal calorimetry, isesengura ryubushyuhe, FTIR, SEM na BSE kugirango yige inzira ya lignification hamwe nibicuruzwa biva muri 1% PVAA, MC na HEC byahinduwe. Ibisubizo byerekanaga ko nubwo polymer yatinze urwego rwambere rwa hydration ya sima, yerekanaga imiterere myiza ya hydration muminsi 90. By'umwihariko, MC igira ingaruka no kuri kristu ya morfologiya ya Ca (OH) 2. Ibimenyetso bitaziguye ni uko imikorere yikiraro cya polymer igaragara muri kristu itondekanye, MC igira uruhare muguhuza kristu, kugabanya ibice bya microscopique no gushimangira microstructure.

Ubwihindurize bwa microstructure ya CE muri minisiteri nayo yakuruye abantu benshi. Kurugero, Jenni yakoresheje uburyo butandukanye bwo gusesengura kugirango yige imikoranire yibikoresho biri muri minisiteri ya polymer, ahuza ubushakashatsi bwuzuye kandi bufite ireme kugirango yongere yubake inzira yose yo kuvanga ibishashara bishya bivanze no gukomera, harimo gukora firime ya polymer, hydrata ya sima no kwimuka kwamazi.

Byongeye kandi, micro-isesengura ryibihe bitandukanye mubikorwa byiterambere rya minisiteri, kandi ntishobora kuba mumwanya kuva minisiteri ivanze kugeza gukomera kwinzira zose zisesengura mikorobe. Niyo mpamvu, birakenewe guhuza igeragezwa ryuzuye kugirango dusesengure ibyiciro bimwe bidasanzwe no gukurikirana microstructure yo gushiraho ibyiciro byingenzi. Mu Bushinwa, Qian Baowei, Ma Baoguo n'abandi. yasobanuye mu buryo butaziguye inzira ya hydrata ukoresheje kurwanya, ubushyuhe bwa hydration nubundi buryo bwo gupima. Nyamara, kubera ubushakashatsi buke no kunanirwa guhuza ubukana nubushyuhe bwa hydration hamwe na microstructure kumwanya utandukanye, nta sisitemu yubushakashatsi ihuye nayo. Muri rusange, kugeza ubu, nta buryo butaziguye bwo gusobanura mu buryo bwuzuye kandi bufite ireme gusobanura ko hari microstructure ya polymer itandukanye.

3.3 Kwiga kuri selulose ether yahinduwe yoroheje ya minisiteri

Nubwo abantu bakoze ubushakashatsi bwubuhanga nubuhanga kubijyanye no gukoresha CE muri sima ya sima. Ariko agomba kwitondera ni uko CE yahinduye minisiteri muri minisiteri yumye ya buri munsi (nk'amatafari y'amatafari, putty, thin layer plastaster mortar, nibindi) akoreshwa muburyo bwa minisiteri yoroheje, iyi miterere idasanzwe isanzwe iherekejwe nikibazo cya minisiteri yihuse yo gutakaza amazi.

Kurugero, ceramic tile bonding mortar nubusanzwe busanzwe bwa minisiteri yoroheje (igipimo cyoroshye cya CE cyahinduwe na minisiteri yububiko bwa ceramic tile bonding agent), kandi uburyo bwo kuyiyobora bwakorewe mu gihugu no hanze yacyo. Mu Bushinwa, Coptis rhizoma yakoresheje ubwoko butandukanye hamwe na CE mu rwego rwo kunoza imikorere ya ceramic tile bonding mortar. Uburyo bwa X-ray bwakoreshejwe kugirango hemezwe ko urugero rwa hydrata ya sima rwagati hagati ya sima na ceramic tile nyuma yo kuvanga CE yariyongereye. Mu kwitegereza intera hamwe na microscope, byagaragaye ko imbaraga za sima-ikiraro cya tile ceramic zatejwe imbere cyane cyane kuvanga paste ya CE aho kuba ubucucike. Kurugero, Jenni yabonye ubukire bwa polymer na Ca (OH) 2 hafi yubuso. Jenni yizera ko kubana kwa sima na polymer bitera imikoranire hagati ya firime ya polymer na hydrata ya sima. Ibintu nyamukuru biranga CE byahinduwe na sima ugereranije na sisitemu isanzwe ya sima ni igipimo kinini cyamazi-sima (mubisanzwe kuri hejuru cyangwa hejuru ya 8.), Ariko kubera ubuso bwacyo / ubwinshi, nabwo birakomera byihuse, kuburyo amazi ya sima mubisanzwe munsi ya 30%, aho kurenga 90% nkuko bisanzwe bigenda. Mu gukoresha tekinoroji ya XRD yiga amategeko yiterambere rya microstructure yubuso bwa ceramic tile adhesive mortar mugikorwa cyo gukomera, byagaragaye ko uduce duto twa sima "twatwarwaga" hejuru yicyitegererezo hamwe no kumisha pore. igisubizo. Kugirango dushyigikire iyi hypothesis, ibindi bizamini byakozwe hifashishijwe sima nini cyangwa hekeste nziza aho gukoresha sima yari isanzwe ikoreshwa, ibyo bikaba byarashyigikiwe kandi no gutakaza icyarimwe icyarimwe XRD kwinjiza buri cyitegererezo hamwe nubunini bwa mucanga / silika ingano yo gukwirakwiza kwanyuma gukomera. umubiri. Ibizamini byo gusikana ibidukikije bya microscopi (SEM) byagaragaje ko CE na PVA bimutse mugihe cyizuba cyumye kandi cyumye, mugihe emulisiyo itigeze. Ashingiye kuri ibi, yanashizeho uburyo bwo kwerekana amazi adafite gihamya ya thin layer CE yahinduye minisiteri ya ceramic tile binder.

Ibitabo bireba ntabwo byigeze bivuga uburyo imiterere ya hydrata ya polymer minisiteri ikorwa muburyo bworoshye, nta nubwo ikwirakwizwa rya polimeri zitandukanye mu gipande cya minisiteri ryerekanwe kandi rigereranywa hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye. Ikigaragara ni uko uburyo bwa hydration hamwe na microstructure uburyo bwo gukora sisitemu ya CE-mortar mugihe cyo gutakaza amazi byihuse bitandukanye cyane na minisiteri isanzwe. Ubushakashatsi bwuburyo budasanzwe bwoguhindura hamwe nuburyo bwo gukora microstructure ya minisiteri yoroheje ya CE yahinduwe bizateza imbere ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya minisiteri yoroheje ya CE yahinduwe, nka minisiteri yo hanze yometseho minisiteri, putty, minisiteri hamwe nibindi.

4. Hariho ibibazo

4.1 Ingaruka zimpinduka zubushyuhe kuri selile ether yahinduwe

CE igisubizo cyubwoko butandukanye kizaza mubushyuhe bwihariye, inzira ya gel irahinduka rwose. Guhinduranya ubushyuhe bwumuriro wa CE birihariye cyane. Mu bicuruzwa byinshi bya sima, imikoreshereze yingenzi yubukonje bwa CE hamwe nuburyo bwo gufata amazi hamwe no gusiga amavuta, hamwe nubushyuhe bwa viscosity hamwe na gel bifitanye isano itaziguye, munsi yubushyuhe bwa gel, ubushyuhe buke, nubushuhe bwa CE, ibyiza nibikorwa byo gufata amazi bijyanye.

Mugihe kimwe, gukemura kwubwoko butandukanye bwa CE mubushyuhe butandukanye ntabwo arimwe rwose. Nka methyl selulose ishonga mumazi akonje, idashonga mumazi ashyushye; Methyl hydroxyethyl selulose irashonga mumazi akonje, ntabwo ari amazi ashyushye. Ariko iyo igisubizo cyamazi ya methyl selulose na methyl hydroxyethyl selulose ashyushye, methyl selulose na methyl hydroxyethyl selulose izagwa. Methyl selulose yaguye kuri 45 ~ 60 ℃, hanyuma ivanze na methyl hydroxyethyl selulose ivanze iyo ubushyuhe bwiyongereye kugera kuri 65 ~ 80 ℃ n'ubushyuhe bwaragabanutse, imvura yongeye gushonga. Hydroxyethyl selulose na sodium hydroxyethyl selulose irashonga mumazi mubushyuhe ubwo aribwo bwose.

Mu mikoreshereze nyayo ya CE, umwanditsi yasanze kandi ubushobozi bwo gufata amazi muri CE bugabanuka vuba ku bushyuhe buke (5 ℃), ubusanzwe bugaragarira mu igabanuka ryihuse ry’imirimo mu gihe cyo kubaka mu gihe cy'itumba, kandi hagomba kongerwamo izindi CE. . Impamvu yibi bintu ntabwo isobanutse muri iki gihe. Isesengura rishobora guterwa nihinduka ryikibazo cya CE zimwe na zimwe mumazi yubushyuhe buke, bigomba gukorwa kugirango ubwubatsi bubone neza mugihe cyitumba.

4.2 Kubyimba no kurandura selile

CE mubisanzwe itangiza umubare munini wibibyimba. Ku ruhande rumwe, ibibyimba bito kandi bihamye bifasha mumikorere ya minisiteri, nko kunoza imyubakire ya minisiteri no kongera ubukonje bwimbeho hamwe nigihe kirekire cya minisiteri. Ahubwo, ibinini binini bitesha agaciro ubukonje bwa minisiteri kandi biramba.

Muburyo bwo kuvanga minisiteri namazi, minisiteri irakanguka, umwuka ukazanwa mumashanyarazi mashya avanze, kandi umwuka ugapfundikirwa na minisiteri itose kugirango bibe byinshi. Mubisanzwe, ukurikije imiterere yubukonje buke bwumuti, ibibyimba byazamutse kubera ubwiyunge no kwihuta hejuru yumuti. Ibibyimba biva mu kirere bijya mu kirere cyo hanze, kandi firime y'amazi yimukiye hejuru bizatanga itandukaniro ryumuvuduko bitewe nigikorwa cya rukuruzi. Ubunini bwa firime buzagenda bworoha hamwe nigihe, amaherezo ibituba bizaturika. Ariko, kubera ubukonje bwinshi bwa minisiteri iherutse kuvangwa nyuma yo kongeramo CE, igipimo mpuzandengo cy’amazi yinjira muri firime y’amazi kiratinda, ku buryo firime y’amazi itoroshye kuba yoroheje; Muri icyo gihe, kwiyongera kwijimye rya minisiteri bizagabanya umuvuduko wo gukwirakwiza molekile zidafite imbaraga, zifasha gutuza ifuro. Ibi bitera umubare munini wibibyimba byinjiye muri minisiteri kugirango bigume muri minisiteri.

Ubusumbane bwubuso hamwe nuburinganire bwimiterere yumuti wamazi urangira Al marike CE kuri 1% yibanda kuri 20 ℃. CE igira ingaruka zo guhumeka ikirere kuri sima. Ingaruka yinjira mu kirere ya CE igira ingaruka mbi ku mbaraga za mashini mugihe hagaragaye ibibyimba binini.

Defoamer muri minisiteri irashobora guhagarika ifuro ryatewe no gukoresha CE, no gusenya ifuro ryakozwe. Uburyo bwibikorwa byayo ni: umukozi wo gusebanya yinjira muri firime yamazi, agabanya ubwiza bwamazi, agakora isura nshya ifite ububobere buke buke, bigatuma firime yamazi itakaza ubuhanga bwayo, yihutisha inzira yo gusohora amazi, hanyuma amaherezo ikora firime yamazi. inanutse. Ifu ya defoamer irashobora kugabanya gaze ya minisiteri nshya ivanze, kandi hariho hydrocarbone, acide stearic na ester yayo, trietyl fosifate, polyethylene glycol cyangwa polysiloxane yamamajwe kuri transport ya organic organique. Kugeza ubu, ifu ya defoamer ikoreshwa muri minisiteri ivanze yumye ni polyoli na polysiloxane.

Nubwo bivugwa ko usibye guhindura ibibyimba byinshi, ikoreshwa rya defoamer rishobora kandi kugabanya kugabanuka, ariko ubwoko butandukanye bwa defoamer nabwo bufite ibibazo byo guhuza hamwe nihinduka ryubushyuhe iyo bikoreshejwe hamwe na CE, ibi nibintu byibanze bigomba gukemurwa ikoreshwa rya CE yahinduwe imyambarire.

4.3 Guhuza hagati ya selile ether nibindi bikoresho muri minisiteri

CE isanzwe ikoreshwa hamwe nibindi bivangavanze muri minisiteri yumye ivanze, nka defoamer, kugabanya amazi, ifu ifata, nibindi. Ibi bice bigira uruhare runini muburyo bwa minisiteri. Kwiga guhuza CE hamwe nibindi bivanze ni intangiriro yo gukoresha neza ibyo bice.

Amashanyarazi yumye yumye akoreshwa cyane cyane kugabanya amazi ni: casein, lignin seriveri yo kugabanya amazi, imiti igabanya amazi ya naphthalene, imiti ya melamine formaldehyde, aside polyikarubike. Casein ni superplasticizer nziza cyane cyane kuri minisiteri yoroheje, ariko kubera ko ari ibicuruzwa bisanzwe, ubwiza nigiciro bikunze guhinduka. Kugabanya amazi ya Lignin harimo sodium lignosulfonate (sodium yimbaho), calcium yinkwi, magnesium yinkwi. Kugabanya amazi ya Naphthalene bigabanya gukoresha Lou. Naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde ya kondensate, kondensate ya melamine formaldehyde ninziza nziza cyane, ariko ingaruka kuri minisiteri ntoya. Acide Polycarboxylic ni tekinoroji nshya yateye imbere kandi ikora neza kandi nta myuka ihumanya. Kuberako CE hamwe na naphthalene ikurikirana ya superplasticizer bizatera coagulation kugirango imvange ya beto itakaza akazi, birakenewe rero guhitamo urukurikirane rutari naphthalene superplasticizer mubuhanga. Nubwo habaye ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka zifatika za CE zahinduwe na minisiteri zitandukanye, haracyari byinshi byo kutumvikana gukoreshwa bitewe nuburyo butandukanye buvanze na CE hamwe nubushakashatsi buke ku mikoranire, kandi hakenewe ibizamini byinshi Kunonosora.

5. Umwanzuro

Uruhare rwa CE muri minisiteri rugaragarira cyane cyane mubushobozi buhebuje bwo gufata amazi, ingaruka kumiterere ya thixotropique ya minisiteri no guhindura imiterere ya rheologiya. Usibye gutanga minisiteri ikora neza, CE irashobora kandi kugabanya ubushyuhe bwa hydrata hakiri kare ya sima kandi bigatinda inzira ya hydrata dinamike ya sima. Uburyo bwo gusuzuma imikorere ya minisiteri iratandukanye ukurikije ibihe bitandukanye byo gusaba.

Umubare munini wubushakashatsi kuri microstructure ya CE muri minisiteri nkuburyo bwo gukora firime na firime ikora morphologie byakorewe mu mahanga, ariko kugeza ubu, nta buryo butaziguye bwo gusobanura mu buryo bwuzuye kandi bufite ireme bwo gusobanura ko hari microstructure itandukanye ya minisiteri. .

CE yahinduwe na minisiteri ikoreshwa muburyo bwa minisiteri yoroheje ya minisiteri yumye ya buri munsi (nk'amatafari yo mu matafari yo mu maso, ashyiramo, minisiteri yoroheje, n'ibindi). Iyi miterere idasanzwe isanzwe iherekejwe nikibazo cyo gutakaza amazi byihuse. Kugeza ubu, ubushakashatsi bwibanze bwibanze ku kubumba amatafari yo mu maso, kandi hariho ubushakashatsi buke ku bundi bwoko bworoshye bwa CE bwahinduwe.

Kubwibyo, mugihe kizaza, birakenewe kwihutisha ubushakashatsi kubijyanye nuburyo bwoguhindura hydrata ya selulose ether yahinduwe na minisiteri yoroheje kandi amategeko agenga ikwirakwizwa rya polymer murwego rwa minisiteri mugihe amazi yatakaje vuba. Mubikorwa bifatika, ingaruka za selulose ether zahinduwe na minisiteri kumihindagurikire yubushyuhe no guhuza nibindi bivanga bigomba gusuzumwa neza. Ibikorwa bijyanye nubushakashatsi bizateza imbere iterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya tekinoroji ya CE yahinduwe nka minisiteri yo hanze yometseho minisiteri, putty, minisiteri hamwe nibindi bito byoroshye.