Amashanyarazi avanze yumye nuruvange rwibikoresho bya sima (sima, isazi yisazi, ifu ya slag, nibindi), igiteranyo cyiza cyo mu cyiciro cyiza (umucanga wa quartz, corundum, nibindi, kandi rimwe na rimwe bisaba Granules yoroheje, yagutse perlite, yaguye vermiculite, nibindi. ) hamwe nibindi bivangwa bivangwa kimwe mubice runaka, hanyuma bigapakirwa mumifuka, ingunguru cyangwa bigatangwa kubwinshi muri poro yumye nkibikoresho byubaka.
Ukurikije ibyasabwe, hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa minisiteri yubucuruzi, nka pompe yumye yumye yububiko, ifu yumye yumye yo guhomesha, ifu yumye yumutaka kubutaka, ifu yumye yumye yo kwirinda amazi, kubika ubushyuhe nibindi bigamije. Mu ncamake, minisiteri ivanze yumye irashobora kugabanywamo minisiteri isanzwe ivanze (masonry, plaster hamwe nubutaka bwumye buvanze) na minisiteri idasanzwe ivanze. Imashini idasanzwe ivanze yumye irimo: kwipima hasi hasi, ibikoresho birinda kwambara, hasi idashobora kwangirika kwangirika, umukozi wa caulking organique, minisiteri idafite amazi, minisiteri yangiza, ibikoresho byo gukingira beto, ibikoresho byo guhomesha amabara, nibindi.
Byinshi rero byumye-bivanze na minisiteri bisaba kuvanga ubwoko butandukanye hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwibikorwa bigomba gukorwa hakoreshejwe umubare munini wibizamini. Ugereranije n’ibisanzwe bivangwa na beto, ibivanze byumye bivanze birashobora gukoreshwa gusa muburyo bwifu, naho icya kabiri, bigashonga mumazi akonje, cyangwa bigashonga buhoro buhoro bitewe nigikorwa cya alkaline kugirango bigire ingaruka zikwiye.
1. imbaraga zo guhuza ni nke, byoroshye kumeneka, intege nke zidafite amazi, kuramba nabi, nibindi, bigomba guhinduka hamwe ninyongeramusaruro zikwiye. Mu rwego rwo kunoza ubumwe, kubika amazi no gutuza kwa minisiteri, inyongeramusaruro zishobora gutoranywa zirimo selile ether, selile yahinduwe ya krahisi, inzoga za polyvinyl, polyacrylamide nifu yifu.
Cellulose ether methyl selulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl selulose (PMC) na hydroxyethyl methyl selulose (HEMC) byose bikozwe mubikoresho bya polymer karemano (nka pamba, nibindi) Ether idafite ionic selile yakozwe na mitiweli. Barangwa no gukonjesha amazi akonje, kubika amazi, kubyimba, guhuriza hamwe, gukora firime, amavuta, kutagira ionic na pH ituje. Amazi akonje yo gukonjesha ubwoko bwibicuruzwa aratera imbere cyane, kandi ubushobozi bwo gufata amazi bwongerewe imbaraga, imitungo yibyibushye iragaragara, diameter yumubyimba mwinshi watangijwe ni ntoya, kandi ingaruka zo kuzamura imbaraga zihuza za minisiteri ni yazamutse cyane.
Cellulose ether ntabwo ifite ubwoko butandukanye gusa, ahubwo ifite nubunini buringaniye bwuburemere bwa molekuline hamwe nubwiza bwa 5mPa. s kugeza 200.000 mPa. s, ingaruka ku mikorere ya minisiteri mu cyiciro gishya na nyuma yo gukomera nayo iratandukanye. Umubare munini wibizamini ugomba gukorwa muguhitamo guhitamo kwihariye. Hitamo ubwoko bwa selile hamwe nubwiza bukwiye hamwe nuburemere bwa molekuline, urugero ruto, kandi nta mutungo winjiza umwuka. Gusa murubu buryo burashobora kuboneka ako kanya. Ibikorwa byiza bya tekiniki, ariko kandi bifite ubukungu bwiza.
Intungamubiri ya etarike Starch ether ni ether ikorwa nigikorwa cyamatsinda ya hydroxyl kuri molekile ya glucose ya molekile hamwe na reagent ya chimique, bita krahisi ether cyangwa etherifike. Ubwoko bwingenzi bwimiterere ya krahisi yahinduwe ni: sodium karboxymethyl krahisi (CMS), hydrocarbon alkyl krahisi (HES), hydrocarbon propyl ethyl krahisi (HPS), cyanoethyl krah, nibindi byose bifite imikorere myiza yo gukemura amazi, guhuza, kubyimba, gutemba , gutwikira, gusuzugura, ubunini, gutatanya no gutuza, kandi bikoreshwa cyane mubuvuzi, ibiryo, imyenda, gukora impapuro, imiti ya buri munsi na peteroli nandi mashami.
Kugeza ubu, ibyiringiro bya etarike ikoreshwa kuri poro yumye nayo iratanga ikizere. Impamvu nyamukuru nizo: ① Igiciro cya krahisi ether irahendutse, 1/3 kugeza 1/4 cya selile ya ether; ② Ibinyamisogwe ether ivanze na minisiteri nayo bizamura ubwiza, kubika amazi, gutuza hamwe nimbaraga zihuza za minisiteri; Cher Ether irashobora kwongerwaho na selile ya selile muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose, kugirango irusheho kunoza ingaruka zo kurwanya kugabanuka kwa minisiteri. Mu bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bya minisiteri, nk'urukuta rwa ceramique hamwe na feri ya tile yometseho, imiti ivura interineti, imiti ya caulking hamwe na minisiteri isanzwe yubucuruzi, etarike ya krahisi ikoreshwa nkibikoresho nyamukuru byongera amazi kandi bigakomeza amazi. Ariko urebye abakora ibinyamisogwe ether mugihugu cyanjye, benshi muribo baguma gusa mugutanga ibicuruzwa byibanze, kandi nababikora ni bake gusa bakora kandi bagatanga etar yahinduwe ya krahisi kugirango babone bimwe mubisabwa nabakora minisiteri.
Ifu yuzuye ifu yuzuye ifu Ifu yuzuye ni igicuruzwa gishya cyateguwe kugirango gihuze n’umusaruro w’ifu isanzwe yumye (yiteguye-ivanze). Igizwe ahanini namabuye y'agaciro ya organic organique nibikoresho bya polymer organic, kandi ntabwo irimo lime nibigize umwuka. Igipimo cyacyo ni 5% kugeza 20% byuburemere bwa sima. Kugeza ubu, mu musaruro w’ibicuruzwa bisanzwe muri Shanghai, ifu yuzuye ikunze gukoreshwa nkibintu byabyimbye, bigumana amazi kandi bigahinduka, kandi ingaruka ziratangaje.
Inzoga za polyvinyl na polyacrylamide nazo zifite ubwinshi bwijimye, ariko rimwe na rimwe umubare winjiza ikirere ni munini, cyangwa amazi ya minisiteri yiyongera cyane nyuma yo kuvangwa, bityo hagomba gukoreshwa ibizamini byinshi kugirango uhitemo.
2.Imikorere nyamukuru yumubyimba wa latx isubirwamo ni ukunoza gufata neza no gutuza kwa minisiteri. Nubwo ishobora kubuza minisiteri kumeneka (kugabanya umuvuduko wamazi wamazi) kurwego runaka, mubisanzwe ntabwo ikoreshwa mugutezimbere ubukana no guhangana na minisiteri. n'inzira zidafite amazi.
Imyitozo yo kongeramo polymers kugirango itezimbere ubudahangarwa, ubukana, guhangana n’ingaruka no kurwanya ingaruka za minisiteri na beto byamenyekanye. Ibisanzwe bikoreshwa na polymer kugirango bihindurwe na sima ya beto na sima birimo: neoprene rubber emulsion, styrene-butadiene rubber emulsion, polyacrylate latex, polyvinyl chloride, chlorine igice cya reberi, acetate polyvinyl, nibindi. Ingaruka zo guhindura za polymers zitandukanye zakozweho ubushakashatsi bwimbitse, ariko kandi nuburyo bwo guhindura, uburyo bwimikoranire hagati ya polymers na sima, nibicuruzwa bitanga sima nabyo byizwe mubyigisho. Isesengura ryimbitse nubushakashatsi, numubare munini wubushakashatsi bwa siyansi byagaragaye.
Imisemburo ya polymer irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora minisiteri ivanze, ariko biragaragara ko bidashoboka kuyikoresha muburyo bwo gukora ifu yumye yumye, bityo havuka ifu ya latx idasubirwaho. Kugeza ubu, ifu ya redispersible latex ikoreshwa mu ifu yumye yumye irimo cyane cyane: ① vinyl acetate-Ethylene copolymer (VAC / E); ② vinyl acetate-tert-karubone copolymer (VAC / VeoVa); ③ acrylate homopolymer (Acrylate); ④ vinyl acetate homopolymer (VAC); 4) styrene-acrylate copolymer (SA), nibindi. Muri byo, vinyl acetate-Ethylene copolymer ifite igipimo kinini cyo gukoresha.
Imyitozo yerekanye ko imikorere yifu ya redxersible powder itajegajega, kandi ifite ingaruka ntagereranywa mugutezimbere imbaraga zihuza za minisiteri, kunoza ubukana bwayo, deformasiyo, kurwanya imivurungano no kudacika intege, nibindi. .
Ugereranije no kunoza imbaraga zoroshye no guhuza imbaraga za minisiteri no kugabanya ubukana bwayo, ingaruka yifu ya redxersible powderx yo kunoza uburyo bwo gufata amazi ya minisiteri no kongera ubumwe bwayo ni buke. Kubera ko hiyongereyeho ifu ya latx isubirwamo ishobora gutatana kandi igatera umwuka mwinshi winjira mu mvange ya minisiteri, ingaruka zayo zo kugabanya amazi ziragaragara cyane. Birumvikana ko, kubera imiterere mibi yimyuka yatangijwe, ingaruka zo kugabanya amazi ntabwo zongereye imbaraga. Ibinyuranye, imbaraga za minisiteri zizagenda zigabanuka buhoro buhoro hamwe no kwiyongera kwa porojeri ya latx. Kubwibyo, mugutezimbere za minisiteri zimwe na zimwe zigomba gutekereza ku mbaraga zo guhonyora no guhindagurika, akenshi birakenerwa kongeramo defoamer icyarimwe kugirango tugabanye ingaruka mbi zifu ya latx ku mbaraga zo kwikuramo imbaraga nimbaraga za minisiteri. .
3. Bitewe no kongeramo selile, krahisi ether nibikoresho bya polymer, nta gushidikanya ko defoamer yongera umutungo winjiza ikirere cya minisiteri. Ku ruhande rumwe, bigira ingaruka ku mbaraga zo guhonyora, imbaraga zoroshye no guhuza imbaraga za minisiteri, kandi bigabanya modulus yayo yoroheje. Ku rundi ruhande, igira kandi ingaruka zikomeye ku isura ya minisiteri, bityo rero birakenewe cyane gukuraho ibibyimba byo mu kirere byatangijwe muri minisiteri. Kugeza ubu, ifu yumye itumizwa mu mahanga ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu Bushinwa kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, ariko hagomba kumenyekana ko kubera ubukonje bwinshi bwa minisiteri y’ibicuruzwa, kurandura ibibyimba byo mu kirere ntabwo ari ibintu byoroshye.
. Imyitozo yerekanye ko kongeramo etarike, sodium bentonite, metakaolin na montmorillonite nigikorwa cyiza cyo gukemura ikibazo cya minisiteri yaguye nyuma yubwubatsi. Igisubizo nyamukuru cyikibazo cyo kugabanuka nukwongera impagarara zambere za minisiteri, ni ukuvuga kongera thixotropy. Mubikorwa bifatika, ntabwo byoroshye guhitamo imiti myiza irwanya kugabanuka, kuko ikeneye gukemura isano iri hagati ya thixotropy, gukora, ubukonje nibisabwa amazi.
5. Umuti wangiza amazi Igikorwa kitarinda amazi cyangwa cyangiza amazi ya pompe ya pompe, umukozi wa tile caulking, amabara meza yo gushushanya hamwe na minisiteri ivanze yumye ikoreshwa kurukuta rwinyuma rwa sisitemu yo guhindagura amashanyarazi ni ngombwa, bisaba ko hongerwaho Powder yangiza amazi, ariko igomba kuba ifite ibi bikurikira: ① gukora hydrophobique ya minisiteri muri rusange kandi igakomeza ingaruka ndende; ② nta ngaruka mbi zigira ku guhuza imbaraga z'ubuso; ③ bimwe mu byangiza amazi bikunze gukoreshwa ku isoko, nka aside ya calcium ya Kalisiyumu ntabwo yongera hydrophobique yongewemo na minisiteri ivanze yumye, cyane cyane kubikoresho byo guhomesha imashini zubaka, kuko bigoye kuvanga vuba kandi kimwe na sima ya sima.
Ifu ya silane ishingiye kumashanyarazi yangiza amazi vuba aha, ikaba ari igicuruzwa cyifu ya silane kiboneka muguterwa no kumisha silane-yometse kumazi-soluble colloids hamwe na anti-cake. Iyo minisiteri ivanze n'amazi, igikonoshwa kirinda icyuma cyangiza amazi gishonga vuba mumazi, hanyuma ikarekura silane ikingiwe kugirango isubire mumazi avanze. Mubidukikije bya alkaline cyane nyuma ya hydrata ya sima, amatsinda ya hydrophilique organique ikora muri silane ya hydrolyz kugirango agire amatsinda ya silanol ikora cyane, kandi amatsinda ya silanol akomeje kwitwara kuburyo budasubirwaho hamwe na hydroxyl mumashanyarazi ya sima kugirango bahuze imiti, kugirango silane ihujwe hamwe no guhuza ihuza neza neza hejuru yurukuta rwa pore ya sima. Nkuko hydrophobique organic organique ikora ireba hanze yurukuta rwa pore, ubuso bwa pore bugira hydrophobicity, bityo bikazana ingaruka za hydrophobique muri minisiteri.
6. Nk’uko amakuru abitangaza, inyongeramusaruro irwanya anti-pantherine yakozwe vuba aha, ikaba ari ifu idasubirwaho kandi ikora neza. Iki gicuruzwa kirakwiriye cyane cyane gukoreshwa muburyo bwo gutabara, gushira, gutekesha cyangwa kurangiza minisiteri kandi bifite aho bihurira nibindi byongeweho.
7. Kugeza ubu, fibre synthique fibre na fibre yibiti bikoreshwa mubisanzwe byumye bivanze. Imiti ya sintetike ya chimique, nka polypropilene staple fibre, fibre polypropilene staple fibre, nibindi. Nyuma yo guhindura isura, izo fibre ntizifite gusa gukwirakwiza neza, ahubwo zifite nibirimo bike, zishobora kunoza neza kurwanya plastike no kumena imikorere ya minisiteri. Ibikoresho bya mashini ntabwo bigira ingaruka zikomeye. Diameter ya fibre yibiti ni nto, kandi kongeramo fibre yibiti bigomba kwitondera ubwiyongere bwamazi akenerwa na minisiteri.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-04-2023