Nonionic selulose ether muri polymer sima

Nka nyongera yingirakamaro muri polymer sima, nonheric selulose ether yitabiriwe cyane nubushakashatsi. Hashingiwe ku bitabo bijyanye n’imbere mu gihugu ndetse no hanze yarwo, amategeko n’uburyo bwa selile ionic selulose ether yahinduwe na sima ya sima byaganiriweho muburyo bwubwoko no gutoranya ether ya selile idafite ionic, ingaruka zayo kumiterere yumubiri wa polymer sima, Ingaruka zayo kuri micromorphologie nubukanishi, hamwe nubusembwa bwubushakashatsi buriho bwashyizwe imbere. Aka kazi kazateza imbere ikoreshwa rya selile ya ether muri sima ya polymer.

Amagambo y'ingenzi: nonionic selulose ether, sima ya polymer, ibintu bifatika, imiterere yubukanishi, microstructure

1. Incamake

Hamwe n’ibisabwa n’ibisabwa bya polymer sima mu nganda zubaka, hiyongeraho inyongeramusaruro zayo byahindutse ahantu h’ubushakashatsi, muri byo, ether ya selulose yakoreshejwe cyane kubera ingaruka zayo mu gufata amazi ya sima, kubyimba, kudindiza, umwuka n'ibindi. Muri iyi nyandiko, ubwoko bwa ether ya selile, ingaruka kumiterere yumubiri nubukanishi bwa polymer sima na micromorphologie ya polymer sima byasobanuwe, bitanga ibitekerezo byerekana ikoreshwa rya selile ya selile muri sima ya polymer.

2. Ubwoko bwa selile nonionic selile

Cellulose ether ni ubwoko bwa polymer ivanze hamwe na ether imiterere ikozwe muri selile. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa selile ether, ifite ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere yibikoresho bishingiye kuri sima kandi biragoye guhitamo. Ukurikije imiterere yimiti yabasimbuye, irashobora kugabanywamo anionic, cationic na nonionic ethers. Nonionic selulose ether hamwe numuyoboro wuruhande rusimbuza H, cH3, c2H5, (cH2cH20) nH, ether ya selile, hydroxyethyl methyl selulose ether, hydroxyethyl selulose ether nibindi. Ubwoko butandukanye bwa selulose ethers igira ingaruka zitandukanye mugihe cyo gushiraho sima. Nkuko bigaragazwa n’ibitabo byabanjirije iki, HEC ifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kudindiza sima, ikurikirwa na HPMc na HEMc, naho Mc ifite ububi. Kubwoko bumwe bwa selile ether, uburemere bwa molekile cyangwa viscosity, methyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl yibiri muri aya matsinda biratandukanye, ingaruka zayo zo kudindiza nazo ziratandukanye. Mubisanzwe, nukuvuga ubwinshi bwubwinshi hamwe nibiri murwego rwamatsinda adatandukanijwe, nubushobozi bwo gutinda bubi. Kubwibyo, mubikorwa nyirizina byo kubyara, ukurikije ibisabwa bya minisiteri yubucuruzi ya minisiteri yubucuruzi, ibikwiye mumatsinda yibikorwa bya selile ya ether birashobora gutoranywa. Cyangwa mugukora selile ya ether icyarimwe, hindura ibiri mumatsinda ikora, itume byuzuza ibisabwa bya minisiteri itandukanye.

3、Ingaruka za selile ya nonionic selile kumiterere yumubiri wa polymer sima

3.1 Gutinda buhoro

Kugirango hongerwe igihe cyo gukomera kwa sima, kugirango minisiteri nshya ivanze mugihe kirekire kugirango igumane plastike, kugirango uhindure igihe cyagenwe cya minisiteri nshya ivanze, kunoza imikorere yayo, mubisanzwe wongereho retarder muri minisiteri, itari- ionic selulose ether ikwiranye na polymer sima ni retarder isanzwe.

Ingaruka zo kudindiza selile ya nonionic selulose ether kuri sima yibasiwe cyane nubwoko bwayo, viscosity, dosage, ibice bitandukanye byubutare bwa sima nibindi bintu. Pourchez J n'abandi. yerekanye ko urwego rwo hejuru rwa methylation ya selile ya selile, niko ingaruka mbi yo kudindiza, mugihe uburemere bwa molekuline ya selile ether hamwe na hydroxypropoxy yibintu byagize ingaruka nke mukubuza amazi ya sima. Hamwe no kwiyongera kwijimye hamwe na doping ya selile itari ionic selulose ether, igorofa ya adsorption hejuru yubutaka bwa sima irabyimbye, kandi igihe cyambere nicyanyuma cyo gushiraho sima cyongerewe, kandi ingaruka zo kudindiza ziragaragara. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko ubushyuhe bwambere bwo kurekura sima ya sima irimo ibintu bitandukanye bya HEMC biri munsi ya 15% ugereranije nubutaka bwa sima isukuye, ariko nta tandukaniro rikomeye ryibikorwa bya hydrata nyuma. Singh NK n'abandi. yerekanye ko hamwe no kwiyongera kwa doping ya HEc, irekurwa ryubushyuhe bwa hydrata ya sima yahinduwe ya sima yerekanaga uburyo bwo kubanza kwiyongera hanyuma bikagabanuka, kandi ibirimo HEC mugihe bigeze kumuriro mwinshi wa hydrata bifitanye isano nigihe cyo gukira.

Byongeye kandi, usanga ingaruka zo kudindiza selile nonionic selulose ether ifitanye isano rya bugufi nibigize sima. Peschard n'abandi. wasanze ko hasi yibirimo bya tricalcium aluminate (C3A) muri sima, niko bigaragara ingaruka mbi zo kudindiza selile. schmitz L n'abandi. yizeraga ko ibyo byatewe n'inzira zitandukanye za selulose ether kuri hydration kinetics ya tricalcium silicate (C3S) na tricalcium aluminate (C3A). Ether ya selile irashobora kugabanya igipimo cyibisubizo mugihe cyihuta cya C3S, mugihe kuri C3A, irashobora kongera igihe cyo kwinjiza, hanyuma igatinda gukomera no gukomera kwa minisiteri.

Hariho ibitekerezo bitandukanye kuburyo bwa selile ionic selulose ether itinda sima. Silva n'abandi. Liu yizeraga ko kwinjiza selile ya selile bizatera ubwiza bwumuti wa pore kwiyongera, bityo bikabuza kugenda kwa ion no gutinda kwiyegeranya. Ariko, Pourchez n'abandi. yizeraga ko hari isano igaragara hagati yo gutinda kwa selile ya selile na hydrata ya sima hamwe nubwiza bwa sima. Iyindi nyigisho nuko ingaruka zo kudindiza selulose ether zifitanye isano rya bugufi no kwangirika kwa alkali. Polysaccharide ikunda kwangirika byoroshye kubyara hydroxyl carboxylic aside ishobora gutinza amazi ya sima mugihe cya alkaline. Nyamara, ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko selile ya selile ihagaze neza mugihe cya alkaline kandi igabanuka gusa, kandi iyangirika ntirigira ingaruka nke mubukererwe bwamazi ya sima. Kugeza ubu, icyerekezo gihamye ni uko ingaruka zo kudindiza ziterwa ahanini na adsorption. By'umwihariko, itsinda rya hydroxyl hejuru ya molekulire ya selile ya ether ni acide, ca (0H) muri sisitemu ya sima ya hydrata, nibindi byiciro bya minerval ni alkaline. Mubikorwa byo guhuza hydrogène ihuza, bigoye hamwe na hydrophobi, molekile ya acide selilose ya ether molekules zizashyirwa hejuru yubutaka bwa sima ya alkaline cima nibicuruzwa biva mu mazi. Byongeye kandi, hakozwe firime yoroheje ku buso bwayo, ikabuza gukomeza gukura kwi minerval feri ya kirisiti nuclei kandi ikadindiza amazi no gushiraho sima. Nubushobozi bukomeye bwa adsorption hagati yibicuruzwa bitanga amazi ya sima na selile ether, niko bigaragara gutinda kwa sima. Ku ruhande rumwe, ingano yimbogamizi ya steric igira uruhare runini mubushobozi bwa adsorption, nkibintu bito bito bibangamira itsinda rya hydroxyl, acide ikomeye, adsorption nayo irakomeye. Kurundi ruhande, ubushobozi bwa adsorption nabwo buterwa nibigize hydrata ya sima. Pourchez n'abandi. basanze ether ya selile yoroha cyane hejuru yibicuruzwa bitanga amazi nka ca (0H) 2, csH gel na calcium aluminate hydrate, ariko ntibyoroshye kwamamazwa na ettringite nicyiciro kidafite amazi. Ubushakashatsi bwa Mullert bwerekanye kandi ko selile ya selile yari ifite adsorption ikomeye kuri c3s n’ibicuruzwa byayo bitanga amazi, bityo rero hydratiya ya silikate yatinze cyane. Adorption ya ettringite yari mike, ariko gushiraho ettringite byatinze cyane. Ibyo byatewe nuko gutinda gushingwa kwa ettringite byatewe nuburinganire bwa ca2 + mugisubizo, aribwo bwakomeje gutinda kwa selile ya selile muri hydrata ya silike.

3.2 Kubungabunga amazi

Iyindi ngaruka yingenzi yo guhindura selile ya selile muri minisiteri ya sima ni ukugaragara nkigikoresho kibika amazi, gishobora kubuza ubuhehere buri muri minisiteri itose guhumeka imburagihe cyangwa gutwarwa nigitereko, no gutinza amazi ya sima mugihe byongereye igihe cyo gukora minisiteri itose, kugirango tumenye neza ko minisiteri yoroheje ishobora gukururwa, minisiteri yometseho irashobora gukwirakwira, kandi byoroshye kwinjiza minisiteri ntibikeneye kubanza gutose.

Ubushobozi bwo gufata amazi ya selile ether bifitanye isano rya bugufi nubwiza bwayo, dosiye, ubwoko nubushyuhe bwibidukikije. Ibindi bintu ni bimwe, uko ubwinshi bwa selulose ether, niko ingaruka nziza yo gufata amazi, selile nkeya ya selile irashobora gutuma igipimo cyo gufata amazi ya minisiteri cyiyongera cyane; Kuri ether imwe ya selile, niko umubare wongeyeho, niko igipimo cyo gufata amazi ya minisiteri yahinduwe, ariko hari agaciro keza, kurenga igipimo cyo gufata amazi cyiyongera buhoro. Kubwoko butandukanye bwa selulose ether, hariho kandi itandukaniro mukubika amazi, nka HPMc mubihe bimwe na Mc gufata neza amazi. Byongeye kandi, imikorere yo gufata amazi ya selile ether igabanuka hamwe no kwiyongera kwubushyuhe bwibidukikije.

Muri rusange abantu bemeza ko impamvu ituma selulose ether igira umurimo wo gufata amazi ahanini biterwa na 0H kuri molekile na atom 0 kuri bond ya ether izahuzwa na molekile yamazi kugirango ihuze hydrogène, kugirango amazi yubusa ahuze amazi, kugirango agire uruhare runini rwo gufata amazi; Bizera kandi ko urunigi rwa selulose ether macromolecular igira uruhare runini mu gukwirakwiza molekile z’amazi, kugira ngo igenzure neza umwuka w’amazi, kugira ngo amazi agabanuke; Pourchez J yavuze ko ether ya selile yageze ku ngaruka zo gufata amazi mu kunoza imiterere y’imiterere y’imisemburo ya sima iherutse kuvangwa, imiterere y’urusobe runini ndetse no gukora filime ya selile ya selile yabuzaga ikwirakwizwa ry’amazi. Laetitia P n'abandi. bemera kandi ko imiterere ya rheologiya ya minisiteri ari ikintu cyingenzi, ariko kandi ukizera ko ibishishwa atari byo byonyine byerekana imikorere myiza yo gufata amazi ya minisiteri. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko nubwo ether ya selulose ifite imikorere myiza yo gufata amazi, ariko ihindurwa ryayo rikomeye rya sima ya sima ya minisiteri yo kugabanuka izagabanuka, impamvu nuko selile ya ether muri firime ya minisiteri, no muri minisiteri umubare munini wibibyimba bito bifunze, bikabuza minisiteri imbere muri capillary.

3.3 Kubyimba

Ihame rya minisiteri nimwe mubipimo byingenzi byo gupima imikorere yayo. Cellulose ether ikunze gutangizwa kugirango yongere ubudahwema. "Guhuzagurika" byerekana ubushobozi bwa minisiteri ivanze nshya yo gutembera no guhindura imikorere ya rukuruzi cyangwa imbaraga zo hanze. Ibintu bibiri byo kubyimba no gufata amazi byuzuzanya. Ongeraho urugero rukwiye rwa selulose ether ntishobora gusa kunoza imikorere yo gufata amazi ya minisiteri, kwemeza kubaka neza, ariko kandi no kongera ubudahangarwa bwa minisiteri, kongera cyane ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ikwirakwizwa rya sima, kunoza imikorere yubusabane hagati ya minisiteri na matrix, na gabanya ibintu byo kugabanuka bya minisiteri.

Ingaruka yibyibushye ya selile ya selile ahanini ituruka mubwiza bwayo, uko ibishishwa byinshi, niko bigenda byiyongera, ariko niba ibishishwa ari binini cyane, bizagabanya umuvuduko wa minisiteri, bigira ingaruka mubwubatsi. Ibintu bigira ingaruka kumihindagurikire yubukonje, nkuburemere bwa molekuline (cyangwa urwego rwa polymerisation) hamwe nubushuhe bwa selile ya ether, ubushyuhe bwumuti, igipimo cyogosha, bizagira ingaruka kumubyimba wanyuma.

Uburyo bwo kubyimba bwa selile ya ether ahanini buturuka kumazi no guhuzagurika hagati ya molekile. Ku ruhande rumwe, urunigi rwa polymer rwitwa selulose ether rworoshye gukora hydrogene ihuza amazi mumazi, umugozi wa hydrogène utuma ugira hydrated nyinshi; Ku rundi ruhande, iyo ether ya selile yongeyeho kuri minisiteri, izakuramo amazi menshi, ku buryo ingano yayo yagutse cyane, bikagabanya umwanya wubusa wibice, icyarimwe iminyururu ya selile ya ether molekile ihurira hamwe. gukora ibice bitatu-byimiterere y'urusobe, ibice bya minisiteri bizengurutswe aho, ntabwo bitemba byubusa. Muyandi magambo, munsi yibi bikorwa byombi, ubwiza bwa sisitemu buratera imbere, bityo bikagera ku ngaruka zifuzwa.

4. Ingaruka ya selile ya nonionic selile kuri morphologie nuburyo bwa pore ya sima ya polymer

Nkuko bigaragara kuri ibi byavuzwe haruguru, ether idafite ionic selulose ether igira uruhare runini muri sima ya polymer, kandi iyongerwaho ryayo rwose izagira ingaruka kuri microstructure ya minima yose ya sima. Ibisubizo byerekana ko ether itari ionic selulose ether ubusanzwe yongerera ububobere bwa sima ya sima, kandi umubare wibinure bifite ubunini bwa 3nm ~ 350um wiyongera, muribo umubare wibibyimba biri hagati ya 100nm ~ 500nm wiyongera cyane. Ingaruka kumiterere ya pore ya sima ya sima ifitanye isano rya hafi nubwoko nubwiza bwa selile ionic selulose ether yongeyeho. Ou Zhihua n'abandi. yizeraga ko iyo viscosity ari imwe, ububobere bwa sima ya sima yahinduwe na HEC iba nto ugereranije na HPMc na Mc yongeyeho nkabahindura. Kuri selile imwe ya ether, ntoya ya viscosity, niko umuto wa sima yahinduwe. Mu kwiga ingaruka za HPMc kuri aperture yikibaho cyinshi cya sima, Wang Yanru nabandi. wasanze ko kwiyongera kwa HPMC bidahindura cyane ububobere, ariko birashobora kugabanya cyane aperture. Ariko, Zhang Guodian n'abandi. wasanze uko binini bya HEMc, niko bigaragara cyane ingaruka kumiterere ya pore ya sima. Kwiyongera kwa HEMc birashobora kongera cyane ububobere, ingano ya pore yose hamwe nimpuzandengo ya pore ya sima ya sima, ariko ubuso bwihariye bwubuso bwa pore buragabanuka, kandi umubare wimyanya minini ya capillary nini irenga 50nm ya diametre wiyongera cyane, kandi imyenge yatangijwe. ni ifunze cyane.

Hasesenguwe ingaruka za selile nonionic selulose ether mugikorwa cyo gushinga sima slurry pore imiterere. Byagaragaye ko kongeramo selile ya selile ahanini byahinduye imiterere yicyiciro cyamazi. Ku ruhande rumwe, ubushyuhe bwicyiciro cyamazi buragabanuka, bigatuma byoroha gukora ibibyimba mumabuye ya sima, kandi bizadindiza amazi ya feri yo gutemba no gukwirakwiza ibibyimba, kuburyo utubuto duto bigoye gukusanya mubibyimba binini no gusohora, bityo ubusa yiyongereye cyane; Ku rundi ruhande, ubwiza bwicyiciro cyamazi bwiyongera, nabwo bukabuza amazi, gukwirakwiza ibibyimba no guhuza ibibyimba, kandi bikongerera ubushobozi bwo guhagarika ibibyimba. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwa selile ya ether kuri selile yubunini bwa pome ya sima irashobora kuboneka: mubunini bwa pore irenga 100nm, ibibyimba birashobora gutangizwa mugabanya ubukana bwubuso bwicyiciro cyamazi, kandi ikwirakwizwa ryinshi rishobora kubuzwa na kongera ubwiza bwamazi; mukarere ka 30nm ~ 60nm, umubare wibyobo byo mukarere urashobora kwibasirwa no guhagarika guhuza ibibyimba bito.

5. Ingaruka ya selile nonionic selulose ether kumiterere yubukanishi bwa polymer sima

Imiterere yubukorikori bwa polymer sima ifitanye isano rya hafi na morphologie yayo. Hiyongereyeho selile ya nonionic selulose ether, porosity iriyongera, bikaba byanze bikunze bigira ingaruka mbi kumbaraga zayo, cyane cyane imbaraga zo kwikuramo imbaraga nimbaraga. Kugabanuka kwingufu zo guhonyora za sima ya marima irarenze cyane imbaraga zoroshye. Ou Zhihua n'abandi. yize ku ngaruka zubwoko butandukanye bwa selile ionic selulose ether kumiterere yubukanishi bwa sima ya sima, maze isanga imbaraga za selulose ether yahinduwe na sima ya sima yari munsi yubwa sima ya sima isukuye, naho imbaraga zo hasi 28d zo kwikuramo zari 44.3% gusa. y'ibyo bya sima isukuye. Imbaraga zo guhonyora hamwe nimbaraga za HPMc, HEMC na MC selulose ether yahinduwe irasa, mugihe imbaraga zo gukomeretsa nimbaraga za flexural ya HEc yahinduye sima ya sima muri buri myaka iri hejuru cyane. Ibi bifitanye isano rya bugufi nuburemere bwazo cyangwa uburemere bwa molekuline, hejuru yuburemere cyangwa uburemere bwa molekuline ya ether ya selile, cyangwa ibikorwa byinshi byo hejuru, niko imbaraga za sima zahinduwe.

Nyamara, byaragaragaye kandi ko nonionic selulose ether ishobora kongera imbaraga zingirakamaro, guhinduka no guhuza imbaraga za sima. Huang Liangen n'abandi. yasanze, binyuranyije n amategeko yo guhindura imbaraga zogukomeretsa, imbaraga zogosha nimbaraga zingutu za slurry ziyongereye hamwe no kwiyongera kwibintu bya selile ya ether muri sima ya sima. Isesengura ryimpamvu, nyuma yo kongeramo ether ya selulose, hamwe na polymer emulion hamwe kugirango habeho umubare munini wa firime yuzuye ya polymer, bitezimbere cyane imiterere yimikorere ya slurry, hamwe nibicuruzwa bitanga amazi ya sima, sima idafite amazi, ibyuzuye nibindi bikoresho byuzuye muri iyi film , kugirango umenye imbaraga zingana za sisitemu yo gutwikira.

Kugirango tunoze imikorere ya selile ionic selulose ether yahinduwe na polymer ciment, kunoza imitungo yumubiri wa sima icyarimwe, ntabwo igabanya cyane imiterere yubukanishi, imyitozo isanzwe ni uguhuza selile ether nibindi bivanze, byongeweho isima ya sima. Li Tao-wen n'abandi. yasanze inyongeramusaruro igizwe na selile ether na polymer glue ifu itanoze gusa imbaraga zo kugonda hamwe nimbaraga zo gukomeretsa za minisiteri, kuburyo guhuza hamwe nubwiza bwa minisiteri ya sima bikwiranye nubwubatsi, ariko kandi byanonosoye uburyo bwo gufata amazi. ubushobozi bwa minisiteri ugereranije na selile imwe ya ether. Xu Qi n'abandi. wongeyeho ifu ya slag, igabanya amazi na HEMc, hanyuma isanga kugabanya amazi nifu ya minerval bishobora kongera ubwinshi bwa minisiteri, kugabanya umubare wibyobo, kugirango byongere imbaraga na moderi ya elastike ya minisiteri. HEMc irashobora kongera imbaraga zingirakamaro za minisiteri, ariko ntabwo aribyiza kumbaraga zo guhonyora hamwe na moderi ya elastike ya minisiteri. Yang Xiaojie n'abandi. basanze kugabanuka kwa plastike kumeneka ya sima bishobora kugabanuka cyane nyuma yo kuvanga fibre ya HEMc na PP.

6. Umwanzuro

Nonionic selulose ether igira uruhare runini muri sima ya polymer, ishobora kuzamura cyane imiterere yumubiri (harimo kudindiza coagulation, gufata amazi, kubyimba), microscopique morphologie hamwe nubukanishi bwa sima ya sima. Ibikorwa byinshi byakozwe muguhindura ibikoresho bishingiye kuri sima na selulose ether, ariko haracyari ibibazo bimwe bikeneye ubushakashatsi bwimbitse. Kurugero, mubikorwa byubuhanga bufatika, hitabwa cyane kuri rheologiya, imiterere yimiterere, ubwinshi bwimiterere nigihe kirekire cyibikoresho byahinduwe na sima, kandi umubano usanzwe ntiwashizweho hamwe na selile yongeyeho. Ubushakashatsi ku buryo bwo kwimuka bwa selulose ether polymer hamwe na sima hydrata ya hydration reaction iracyahagije. Igikorwa cyibikorwa hamwe nuburyo bwinyongeramusaruro igizwe na selile ether hamwe nibindi bivanze ntibisobanutse bihagije. Kwiyongera kwinshi kwa selile ether hamwe nibikoresho bidafite ingufu nka fibre fibre ntabwo byakozwe neza. Ibi byose bizibandwaho mubushakashatsi buzaza kugirango butange ubuyobozi bujyanye no kurushaho kunoza imikorere ya polymer sima.