Nigute wakora Cellulose ether?

Cellulose ether ni ubwoko bwa selile ikomoka kuri etherification ihindura selile. Irakoreshwa cyane kubera kubyimbye kwiza cyane, emulisile, guhagarikwa, gukora firime, kurinda colloid, kugumana ubushuhe, hamwe nibiranga. Ifite uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’igihugu mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi n’inganda nk’ibiribwa, ubuvuzi, gukora impapuro, impuzu, ibikoresho byubaka, kugarura amavuta, imyenda n’ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Muri iyi nyandiko, hasubiwemo ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na etherification yo guhindura selile.

Celluloseetherni polymeric nyinshi cyane muri kamere. Irashobora kongerwa, icyatsi na biocompatible. Nibikoresho byingenzi byibanze byubuhanga bwimiti. Ukurikije insimburangingo zitandukanye kuri molekile yabonetse muri reaction ya etherification, irashobora kugabanywamo ethers imwe hanyuma ikavangwa selile ethers.Hano gusubiramo iterambere ryubushakashatsi kuri synthesis ya ethers imwe, harimo alkyl ethers, hydroxyalkyl ethers, carboxyalkyl ethers, na ethers ivanze.

Amagambo y'ingenzi: selile ether, etherification, ether imwe, ivanze ether, iterambere ryubushakashatsi

1.Ibisubizo bya selile ya selile

Etherification reaction ya selile ether ni ingirakamaro cyane ya selulose derivatisation reaction.Ikwirakwizwa rya selile ni urukurikirane rw'ibikomoka ku ngaruka zatewe na reaction ya matsinda ya hydroxyl kumurongo wa molekile ya selile hamwe na alkylating agent mubihe bya alkaline. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibicuruzwa bya selile, bishobora kugabanywamo ether imwe hamwe na ethers ivanze ukurikije insimburangingo zitandukanye kuri molekile zabonetse muri reaction ya etherification. Ethers imwe irashobora kugabanywamo ether ya alkyl, hydroxyalkyl ethers na carboxyalkyl ethers, naho ethers ivanze bivuga ethers ifite amatsinda abiri cyangwa menshi ahujwe muburyo bwa molekile. Mu bicuruzwa bya selile ya selile, carboxymethyl selulose (CMC), hydroxyethyl selulose (HEC), hydroxypropyl selulose (HPC), hydroxypropyl methyl selulose (HPMC) ihagarariwe, muri byo ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe byagurishijwe mu bucuruzi.

2.Synthesis ya selulose ether

2.1 Synthesis ya ether imwe

Ether imwe imwe irimo alkyl ethers (nka Ethyl selulose, propyl selile, phenyl selile, cyanoethyl selulose, nibindi), hydroxyalkyl ethers (nka hydroxymethyl selulose, hydroxyethyl selulose, nibindi), carboxyalkyl ethers (nka carboxymethyl selulose, carboxyethyl n'ibindi).

2.1.1 Synthesis ya alkyl ethers

Berglund n'abandi babanje kuvura selile hamwe na NaOH igisubizo cyongewemo na Ethyl chloride, hanyuma bongeramo methyl chloride ku bushyuhe bwa 65°C kugeza 90°C hamwe nigitutu cya 3bar kugeza 15bar, hanyuma ikora kugirango itange methyl selulose ether. Ubu buryo burashobora gukora neza Kugirango ubone amazi-methyl selulose ethers hamwe na degre zitandukanye zo gusimburwa.

Ethylcellulose ni granule yera cyangwa ifu yera. Ibicuruzwa rusange birimo 44% ~ 49% ethoxy. Gushonga mumashanyarazi menshi, adashonga mumazi. ibishishwa cyangwa ipamba hamwe na 40% ~ 50% ya sodium hydroxide yumuti wamazi, hamwe na selile ya alkalize ya selile yatewe na Ethyl chloride kugirango itange selile selile. gutsindira neza Ethyl selulose (EC) hamwe na ethoxy ya 43,98% nuburyo bumwe bwintambwe imwe ukoresheje reaction ya selile hamwe na Ethyl chloride irenze urugero na hydroxide ya sodium, ukoresheje toluene nkururimi. Toluene yakoreshejwe nka diluent mugeragezwa. Mugihe cya etherification reaction, ntishobora guteza imbere ikwirakwizwa rya Ethyl chloride ya selile ya alkali, ahubwo inashonga selilose ya Ethyl yasimbuwe cyane. Mugihe cyo kubyitwaramo, igice kitarakozwe kirashobora guhora kigaragara, bigatuma umukozi wa etherification Biroroshye gutera, kugirango reaction ya Ethylation ihindurwe kuva muburyo butandukanye no guhuza ibitsina, kandi ikwirakwizwa ryibintu mubicuruzwa birasa cyane.

yakoresheje Ethyl bromide nka agent ya etherification na tetrahydrofuran nkumuhanga muguhuza Ethyl selulose (EC), ikanaranga imiterere yibicuruzwa na infragre spekitroscopi, magnetic magnetic resonance na gel permeation chromatografiya. Irabarwa ko urwego rwo gusimbuza Ethyl selulose ikomatanyirijwe hamwe rugera kuri 2,5, ikwirakwizwa rya molekile ni rito, kandi rifite imbaraga zo gukemura neza mumashanyarazi.

cyanoethyl selulose (CEC) ikoresheje uburyo bwa bahuje ibitsina na heterogeneous ukoresheje selile ifite impamyabumenyi zitandukanye za polymerisiyasi nkibikoresho fatizo, kandi wateguye ibikoresho byuzuye bya CEC membrane ukoresheje igisubizo no gukanda bishyushye. Ibibyimba byinshi bya CEC byateguwe nubuhanga bwo gutandukanya icyiciro cya NIPS (NIPS), kandi barium titanate / cyanoethyl selulose (BT / CEC) ibikoresho bya nanocomposite membrane byateguwe nubuhanga bwa NIPS, maze imiterere n'imiterere yabyo.

yakoresheje ubwikorezi bwa selile yifashisha (alkali / urea igisubizo) nkibisubizo byerekana uburyo bumwe bwo guhuza cyanoethyl selulose (CEC) hamwe na acrylonitrile nka agent ya etherification, kandi ikora ubushakashatsi kumiterere, imiterere nuburyo bukoreshwa mubicuruzwa. kwiga byimbitse. Mugucunga uburyo butandukanye bwo kwitwara, urukurikirane rwa CECs hamwe nagaciro ka DS kuva kuri 0.26 kugeza 1.81 urashobora kuboneka.

2.1.2 Synthesis ya hydroxyalkyl ethers

Umufana Junlin nabandi yateguye hydroxyethyl selulose (HEC) mumashanyarazi ya 500 L akoresheje ipamba itunganijwe nkibikoresho fatizo na 87.7%-isopropanol-amazi nkibishobora gukoreshwa na alkalisation yintambwe imwe, kutabogama intambwe ku yindi no gutera intambwe ku yindi. . Ibisubizo byerekanye ko hydroxyethyl selulose yateguwe (HEC) yari ifite insimburangingo ya MS ya 2.2-2.9, igera ku gipimo cyiza nkicyiciro cy’ubucuruzi Dows 250 HEC igasimburwa na 2.2-2.4. Gukoresha HEC mugukora amarangi ya latex birashobora kunoza imiterere ya firime no kuringaniza irangi rya latex.

Liu Dan n'abandi baganiriye ku itegurwa rya quaternary ammonium umunyu cationic hydroxyethyl selulose hakoreshejwe uburyo bwumye bwumye bwa hydroxyethyl selulose (HEC) na 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTA) hifashishijwe catalizike ya alkali. ether. Hakozwe iperereza ku ngaruka zo kongera hydroxyethyl selulose ether ku mpapuro. Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi byerekana ko: mumashanyarazi ya hardwood yumye, mugihe urwego rwo gusimbuza hydroxyethyl selulose ether ya cationic ari 0.26, igipimo cyo kugumana cyose cyiyongereyeho 9%, naho igipimo cyo kuyungurura amazi cyiyongera 14%; mumashanyarazi ya hardwood, iyo Iyo ingano ya hydroxyethyl selulose ether ari 0.08% ya fibre fibre, igira ingaruka zikomeye kumpapuro; nini urwego rwo gusimbuza cationic selulose ether, niko ubwinshi bwamafaranga yishyurwa, hamwe ningaruka zo gushimangira.

Zhanhong akoresha uburyo bwo guhuza ibice byamazi kugirango ategure hydroxyethyl selulose ifite agaciro ka 5×104mPa·s cyangwa byinshi hamwe nivu ryagaciro riri munsi ya 0.3% binyuze murwego rwintambwe ebyiri za alkalisation na etherification. Uburyo bubiri bwa alkalisation bwakoreshejwe. Uburyo bwa mbere nugukoresha acetone nkururimi. Ibikoresho fatizo bya selile bifite ishingiro muburyo butandukanye bwa sodium hydroxide yumuti wamazi. Nyuma yo gushingura ibyakozwe bimaze gukorwa, agent ya etherification yongeweho kugirango ikore neza reaction ya etherification. Uburyo bwa kabiri ni uko ibikoresho fatizo bya selile bihindurwamo igisubizo cyamazi ya hydroxide ya sodium na urea, kandi selile ya alkali selile yateguwe nubu buryo igomba gukomwa kugirango ikureho lye irenze mbere ya etherification reaction. Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi byerekana ko ibintu nkibintu byatoranijwe byatoranijwe, ingano ya okiside ya Ethylene yongeweho, igihe cya alkalisation, ubushyuhe nigihe cyo kwitabira bwa mbere, hamwe nubushyuhe nigihe cya reaction ya kabiri byose bigira uruhare runini mubikorwa y'ibicuruzwa.

Xu Qin n'abandi. yakoze etherification reaction ya alkali selulose na okiside ya propylene, hamwe na hydroxypropyl selulose (HPC) hamwe na degre nkeya yo gusimburwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bukomeye bwa gaz. Ingaruka z’igice kinini cya oxyde ya propylene, igipimo cyo kugabanuka hamwe nubushyuhe bwa etherification kurwego rwa etherification ya HPC no gukoresha neza okiside ya propylene. Ibisubizo byerekanye ko uburyo bwiza bwa synthesis ya HPC bwari igice cya 20% cya propylene oxyde (igipimo rusange na selile), igipimo cya alkali selulose 3.0, hamwe nubushyuhe bwa etherification 60°C. Ikizamini cyimiterere ya HPC na magnetiki resonance yerekana ko urugero rwa etherifisation ya HPC ari 0.23, igipimo cyiza cyo gukoresha okiside ya propylene ni 41.51%, kandi urunigi rwa molekile ya selile ihujwe neza nitsinda rya hydroxypropyl.

Kong Xingjie n'abandi. yateguye hydroxypropyl selulose hamwe na ionic fluid nkumuti wo kumenya reaction ya homogeneous reaction ya selile kugirango tumenye imikorere yimikorere nibicuruzwa. Mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe, imidazole ya sintetike imidazole fosifate ionic fluid 1, 3-diethylimidazole diethyl fosifate yakoreshejwe mu gushonga microcrystalline selile, kandi hydroxypropyl selulose yabonetse binyuze muri alkalisation, etherification, acide, no gukaraba.

2.1.3 Synthesis ya carboxyalkyl ethers

Carboxymethyl selulose isanzwe ni carboxymethyl selulose (CMC). Igisubizo cyamazi ya carboxymethyl selulose ifite imirimo yo kubyimba, gukora firime, guhuza, gufata amazi, kurinda colloid, emulisation no guhagarika, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mugukaraba. Imiti, ibiryo, umuti wamenyo, imyenda, gucapa no gusiga irangi, gukora impapuro, peteroli, ubucukuzi bwamabuye y'agaciro, ubuvuzi, ububumbyi, ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, reberi, irangi, imiti yica udukoko, kwisiga, uruhu, plastike no gucukura amavuta, nibindi.

Mu 1918, Umudage E. Jansen yahimbye uburyo bwa synthesis ya carboxymethyl selulose. Mu 1940, uruganda rwa Kalle rwo mu Budage IG Farbeninaustrie rwabonye umusaruro w’inganda. Mu 1947, uruganda rukora imiti rwa Wyandotle rwo muri Amerika rwateje imbere umusaruro uhoraho. Igihugu cyanjye cyashyize bwa mbere mu nganda za CMC mu ruganda rwa Shanghai Celluloid mu 1958. Carboxymethyl selulose ni selile ya selile ikomoka mu ipamba itunganijwe hifashishijwe hydroxide ya sodium na acide chloroacetic. Uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro inganda bushobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: uburyo bushingiye kumazi nuburyo bushingiye kumashanyarazi ukurikije itangazamakuru ritandukanye. Inzira yo gukoresha amazi nkibikoresho byitwa reaction uburyo bwamazi yo mumazi, kandi inzira irimo umusemburo kama muburyo bwa reaction byitwa uburyo bwo gukemura.

Hamwe nubushakashatsi bwimbitse hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga, uburyo bushya bwo kubyitwaramo bwakoreshejwe muguhuza carboxymethyl selulose, kandi sisitemu nshya ya solvent igira ingaruka zikomeye kubikorwa cyangwa ubwiza bwibicuruzwa. Olaru n'abandi. wasanze carboxymethylation reaction ya selile ukoresheje sisitemu ivanze ya Ethanol-acetone iruta iya Ethanol cyangwa acetone yonyine. Nicholson n'abandi. Muri sisitemu, CMC ifite urwego rwo hasi rwo gusimburwa yarateguwe. Philipp nabandi bateguye CMC yasimbuwe cyane hamwe N-methylmorpholine-N oxyde na N, N dimethylacetamide / sisitemu ya lithium chloride. Cai n'abandi. yateguye uburyo bwo gutegura CMC muri sisitemu ya NaOH / urea. Ramos n'abandi. yakoresheje sisitemu ya DMSO / tetrabutylammonium fluoride ionic nk'umuti wa carboxymethylate ibikoresho fatizo bya selile yatunganijwe mu ipamba na sisal, maze abona ibicuruzwa bya CMC bifite impamyabumenyi isimburwa kugeza kuri 2.17. Chen Jinghuan n'abandi. yakoresheje selile ifite imbaraga nyinshi (20%) nkibikoresho fatizo, hydroxide ya sodium na acrylamide nka reagent yo guhindura, ikora reaction ya carboxyethylation mugihe cyagenwe nubushyuhe, hanyuma amaherezo ibona selile ya selile. Carboxyethyl yibicuruzwa byahinduwe birashobora kugengwa no guhindura ingano ya hydroxide ya sodium na acrylamide.

2.2 Synthesis ya ethers ivanze

Hydroxypropyl methyl selulose ether ni ubwoko bwa selireose idafite polar ikomoka mumazi akonje yabonetse muri selile naturel binyuze muri alkalisation no guhindura etherification. Ihindurwamo umuti wa sodium hydroxide kandi wongeyeho umubare munini wamafaranga ya isopropanol na toluene solvent, agent ya etherification ifata ni methyl chloride na oxyde ya propylene.

Dai Mingyun n'abandi. yakoresheje hydroxyethyl selulose (HEC) nkumugongo wa hydrophilique polymer, hanyuma yomeka hydrophobizing agent butyl glycidyl ether (BGE) kumugongo hamwe na etherification reaction kugirango uhindure itsinda rya hydrophobique itsinda rya butyl. Urwego rwo gusimbuza itsinda, ku buryo rufite agaciro keza ka hydrophilique-lipophilique, hamwe n’ubushyuhe bwitabira 2-hydroxy-3-butoxypropyl hydroxyethyl selulose (HBPEC); imitunganyirize yubushyuhe irategurwa Ibikoresho bikora bya selile bitanga uburyo bushya bwo gukoresha ibikoresho bikora murwego rwo kurekura ibiyobyabwenge na biologiya.

Chen Yangming n'abandi bakoresheje hydroxyethyl selulose nk'ibikoresho fatizo, kandi muri sisitemu yo gukemura isopropanol, bongeramo umubare muto wa Na2B4O7 kuri reaction ya bahuje ibitsina kugirango bategure ether hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl selulose. Igicuruzwa gihita mumazi, kandi Ubukonje burahagaze.

Wang Peng akoresha ipamba ya selile isanzwe itunganijwe nkibikoresho fatizo byibanze, kandi akoresha inzira yintambwe imwe ya etherification kugirango atange carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl selulose hamwe na reaction imwe, viscosity nyinshi, anti-acide nziza hamwe no kurwanya umunyu binyuze muri alkalisation na etherification reaction Compound ether. Ukoresheje intambwe imwe ya etherification, karubisimethyl hydroxypropyl selulose ikorwa ifite umunyu mwiza, kurwanya aside hamwe no gukomera. Muguhindura ingano ya oxyde ya propylene na aside ya chloroacetike, ibicuruzwa bifite carboxymethyl bitandukanye na hydroxypropyl birashobora gutegurwa. Ibisubizo by'ibizamini byerekana ko carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl selulose ikorwa nuburyo bwintambwe imwe ifite umusaruro muke, umusaruro muke, kandi ibicuruzwa bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya umunyu umwe kandi uhwanye na aside irwanya aside. Ugereranije nibindi bicuruzwa bya selile, bifite imbaraga zo guhatanira imbaraga mubiribwa nubushakashatsi bwamavuta.

Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) nubwoko butandukanye kandi bukora neza muburyo bwose bwa selile, kandi nabwo busanzwe bwerekana ubucuruzi hagati ya ethers ivanze. Mu 1927, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) yashizwemo neza kandi irigunga. Mu 1938, Dow Chemical Co yo muri Amerika yatahuye umusaruro w’inganda za methyl selulose maze ikora ikirango kizwi cyane cyitwa “Methocel”. Umusaruro munini w’inganda za hydroxypropyl methylcellulose watangiriye muri Amerika mu 1948. Igikorwa cyo kubyaza umusaruro HPMC gishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: uburyo bwa gaz gaz nuburyo bwamazi. Kugeza ubu, ibihugu byateye imbere nk'Uburayi, Amerika n'Ubuyapani birushaho gufata inzira ya gaze, kandi umusaruro wa HPMC mu gihugu ushingiye ahanini ku cyiciro cy'amazi.

Zhang Shuangjian n'abandi batunganije ifu y'ipamba nk'ibikoresho fatizo, bayisiga hamwe na hydroxide ya sodium muri reaction solvent medium toluene na isopropanol, bayitunganya hamwe na etherifying agent propylene oxyde na methyl chloride, barabyitwaramo kandi bategura ubwoko bwa hydroxypropyl methyl alcool base selulose ether.

3. Ibitekerezo

Cellulose ni ibikoresho by'ibanze bya shimi na chimique bikungahaye ku mutungo, icyatsi kandi cyangiza ibidukikije, kandi gishobora kuvugururwa. Inkomoko yo guhindura selile ya selulose ifite imikorere myiza, uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha ningaruka nziza zo gukoresha, kandi byujuje ubukungu bwigihugu bikenewe cyane. Kandi ibikenewe byiterambere ryimibereho, hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryikoranabuhanga hamwe nogushira mubikorwa ubucuruzi mugihe kizaza, niba ibikoresho fatizo byubukorikori hamwe nuburyo bukomatanya bwibikomoka kuri selile bishobora kuba inganda, bizakoreshwa cyane kandi bimenyekanishe byinshi mubikorwa Agaciro.