Nigute ushobora kunoza umusaruro wa Cellulose?

Kima Chemical Co., Ltd. Kubishaka menyekanisha kunoza imikorere ya selile ether yumusaruro nibikoresho mumyaka icumi ishize, kandi usesengure ibintu bitandukanye biranga reakteri na coulter reaction mubikorwa bya selile ya ether. Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryinganda za selile, ubushobozi bwo gukora ibikoresho bimwe bigenda biva kuri toni amagana bikagera kuri toni ibihumbi. Nibintu byanze bikunze ibikoresho bishya byo gusimbuza ibikoresho bishaje.

Amagambo y'ingenzi: selile ether; ibikoresho byo gukora; umukoresha; coulter reactor

Iyo usubije amaso inyuma ukareba imyaka icumi ishize inganda zo mu bwoko bwa selulose ether mu Bushinwa, ni imyaka icumi ihebuje yo guteza imbere inganda za selile. Ubushobozi bwo gukora selile ya selile yageze kuri toni zirenga 250.000. Mu 2007, umusaruro wa CMC wari toni 122.000, naho umusaruro wa ether utari ionic selulose ether wari toni 62.000. Toni 10,000 ya selulose ether (muri 1999, Ubushinwa's yose ya selulose ether yasohotse yari toni 25,660 gusa), bingana na kimwe cya kane cyisi's Ibisohoka; ibigo bitari bike bya toni yo murwego rwinjiye neza murwego rwibikorwa bya toni 10,000; ubwoko bwibicuruzwa bwiyongereye cyane, Ubwiza bwibicuruzwa bwagiye butera imbere buhoro buhoro; inyuma yibi byose nubundi gukura kwikoranabuhanga ryibikorwa no kurushaho kuzamura urwego rwibikoresho. Ugereranije n’amahanga yateye imbere, icyuho cyaragabanutse cyane.

Iyi ngingo irerekana iterambere rigezweho ryimikorere ya selile yo mu rugo no kunoza ibikoresho mumyaka yashize, ikanamenyekanisha imirimo yakozwe n’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’inganda z’inganda Zhejiang mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere ibikoresho by’umusemburo wa selile bishingiye ku nyigisho no gutekereza ku nganda zikora imiti. Imirimo yubushakashatsi kuri selulose ether alkalisation etherification reaction.

1. Tekinoroji yumusaruro nibikoresho bya selile yo mu rugo ether CMC mu myaka ya za 90

Kuva uruganda rwa Celluloid rwa Shanghai rwateza imbere uburyo bwo hagati y’amazi mu 1958, ibikoresho bimwe bikoresha ingufu nke zo gukemura ibibazo hamwe n’ubundi buryo bwo kubyaza umusaruro byakoreshejwe mu gukora CMC. Imbere mu gihugu, abatekamutwe bakoreshwa cyane cyane kuri etherification reaction. Mu myaka ya za 90, umusaruro wumwaka wuruganda rumwe rukora CMC rwinganda nyinshi rwari toni 200-500, naho moderi nyamukuru ya etherification reaction yari 1.5m³ na 3m³ Yamazaki. Nyamara, iyo umutekamutwe ukoreshwa nkibikoresho bya reaction, kubera umuvuduko muke wukuboko gukata, igihe kirekire cya reaction ya etherification, igice kinini cyibisubizo byuruhande, igipimo gito cyo gukoresha umukozi wa etherification, hamwe nuburinganire bubi Ikwirakwizwa rya etherification isimburanya, ibintu nyamukuru byifata Urugero, kugenzura igipimo cyo kwiyuhagira, kwibanda kuri alkali hamwe no kwihuta kwamaboko ni bibi, kubwibyo rero biragoye kumenya uburinganire bwa hafi bwa reaction ya etherification, kandi biragoye no kwimura abantu benshi n'ubushakashatsi bwa permeation bwimbitse ya etherification reaction. Kubwibyo, umutekamutwe afite aho agarukira nkibikoresho bya reaction ya CMC, kandi ni inzitizi yiterambere ryinganda za selile. Ubushobozi buke bwurugero rwibanze rwa etherification reaction mu myaka ya za 90 rushobora kuvugwa muri make mumagambo atatu: ntoya (umusaruro muto wigikoresho kimwe), hasi (igipimo gito cyo gukoresha ibikoresho bya etherification agent), ubukene (reaction ya etherification isimbuza uburinganire bwikwirakwizwa ryibanze ni umukene). Urebye inenge ziri mumiterere ya knader, birakenewe ko hategurwa ibikoresho bya reaction bishobora kwihutisha reaction ya etherification yibikoresho, kandi ikwirakwizwa ryibisimburwa muri reaction ya etherification irasa cyane, kuburyo igipimo cyo gukoresha ya etherification agent iri hejuru. Mu mpera z'imyaka ya za 90, inganda nyinshi zo mu bwoko bwa selulose ether zizeraga ko ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Zhejiang cy’inganda z’inganda kizakora ubushakashatsi kandi kigateza imbere ibikoresho by’umusaruro bikenewe byihutirwa n’inganda za selile. Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Zhejiang cy’inganda z’imiti cyatangiye kugira uruhare mu bushakashatsi bwo kuvanga ifu n’ibikoresho mu myaka ya za 70, bushiraho itsinda rikomeye R & D, kandi rigera ku bisubizo bishimishije. Ikoranabuhanga n'ibikoresho byinshi byahawe na Minisiteri y’inganda n’inganda na Zhejiang Science and Technology Progress Award. Mu myaka ya za 1980, twafatanije n’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cy’umuriro cya Tianjin cya Minisiteri y’umutekano wa Leta mu guteza imbere ibikoresho byihariye byo gukora ifu yumye, yatsindiye igihembo cya gatatu cya Minisiteri y’umutekano wa rubanda ishinzwe ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga mu iterambere; mu myaka ya za 90, twakoze ubushakashatsi tunateza imbere tekinoroji n'ibikoresho bivangwa n'amazi. Abashakashatsi b'ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi mu Ntara ya Zhejiang gishinzwe inganda z’imiti batangiye gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere ibikoresho byihariye byo gukora kuri selile ya ether.

2. Iterambere ryiterambere rya reaction idasanzwe ya selile ether

2.1 Ibiranga kuvanga coulter

Ihame ryakazi rya coulter mixer ni uko mugikorwa cyumukangurambaga umeze nka plowshare, ifu iri mumashini ihindagurika kurukuta rwa silinderi mu cyerekezo kizengurutse na radiyo kuruhande rumwe, hanyuma ifu ikajugunywa kumpande zombi. yo guhinga ku rundi ruhande. Inzira zigenda zambukiranya kandi zigongana, bityo bikabyara umuyaga mwinshi kandi bigakora urwego rwuzuye rwimyanya itatu. Bitewe nubwinshi bwamazi ya fibrous reaction yibikoresho fatizo, izindi moderi ntizishobora gutwara umuzenguruko, imirasire hamwe na axial ya selile muri silinderi. Binyuze mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe ku musaruro wa CMC n'ibikoresho by'inganda za selulose ether mu gihugu ndetse no hanze yarwo, hifashishijwe byimazeyo imyaka 30 y’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe, imashini ya coulter yakozwe mu myaka ya za 1980 yatoranijwe bwa mbere nk'icyitegererezo cy'ibanze mu iterambere rya selile. ibikoresho bya ether.

2.2 Iterambere ryimikorere ya coulter

Binyuze mu igeragezwa ryimashini ntoya yubushakashatsi, mubyukuri yabonye ingaruka nziza kuruta umutekamutwe. Nyamara, iyo bikoreshejwe mu buryo butaziguye mu nganda za selile, haracyari ibibazo bikurikira: 1) Muri reaction ya etherification, amazi ya fibrous reaction yibikoresho fatizo birakennye cyane, kuburyo imiterere ya coulter yayo nicyuma kiguruka ntabwo bihagije. Twara selile kugirango yimuke mu cyerekezo kizengurutse, radiyo na axial ya barriel, bityo kuvanga reaction ntibihagije, bikavamo imikoreshereze mike ya reaction hamwe nibicuruzwa bike. 2) Bitewe no gukomera gukomeye kwurufunguzo runini rushyigikiwe nimbavu, biroroshye gutera eccentricité nyuma yo gukora nikibazo cyo kumeneka kashe; kubwibyo, umwuka wo hanze winjira byoroshye muri silinderi ukoresheje kashe ya shaft kandi bigira ingaruka kumikorere ya vacuum muri silinderi, bikavamo ifu muri silinderi. Hunga. 3) Imyanda yabo isohoka ni flapper valve cyangwa disiki ya disiki. Iyambere iroroshye guhumeka umwuka wo hanze kubera imikorere idahwitse, mugihe iyanyuma iroroshye kugumana ibikoresho no gutakaza igihombo. Kubwibyo, ibyo bibazo bigomba gukemurwa umwe umwe.

Abashakashatsi bateje imbere igishushanyo mbonera cya coulter inshuro nyinshi, kandi bayiha inganda nyinshi za selile ether kugirango ikoreshwe ibigeragezo, kandi buhoro buhoro banonosora igishushanyo ukurikije ibitekerezo. Muguhindura imiterere yimiterere ya coulters hamwe nuburyo butangaje bwimigozi ibiri yegeranye kumpande zombi zumutwe wingenzi, reaction ziterwa nigikorwa cya coulters ntabwo ari imivurungano gusa mubyerekezo bizengurutse na radiyo kuruhande rwurukuta rwimbere rwa silinderi, ariko nanone Shushanya ku cyerekezo gisanzwe cyimpande zombi za coulter, reaction rero zivanze rwose, kandi reaction ya alkalisation na etherification yarangiye murwego rwo kuvanga iruzuye, igipimo cyo gukoresha reaction kiri hejuru, umuvuduko wibisubizo byihuse kandi gukoresha ingufu ni bike. Byongeye kandi, kashe ya shitingi hamwe nintebe zifata kumpande zombi za silinderi zashyizwe kumurongo wanyuma wigitereko unyuze kuri flange kugirango wongere ubukana bwuruziga runini, bityo ibikorwa birahagaze. Muri icyo gihe, ingaruka zo gufunga kashe ya shitingi irashobora gukemurwa kubera ko urufunguzo nyamukuru rutagoramye kandi ntiruhindurwe, kandi ifu iri muri silinderi ntishobora guhunga. Muguhindura imiterere ya valve isohoka no kwagura diameter yikigega gisohoka, ntishobora gusa gukumira neza kubika ibikoresho muri valve isohoka, ariko kandi birashobora no gutakaza gutakaza ifu yibikoresho mugihe cyananiwe, bityo bikagabanya neza gutakaza reaction. ibicuruzwa. Imiterere ya reaction nshya irumvikana. Ntishobora gusa gutanga ibidukikije bihamye kandi byizewe bya selile ya ether CMC, ariko kandi birashobora kubuza neza ifu iri muri silinderi guhunga mugutezimbere umwuka wikimenyetso cya kashe na valve isohoka. Ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, kumenya igitekerezo cyo gukora inganda zikora imiti.

2.3 Gutezimbere reaction ya coulter

Bitewe nubusembwa buto buto, buto, kandi bukennye, reaction ya coulter yinjiye muruganda rwinshi rwa CMC, kandi mubicuruzwa birimo moderi esheshatu za 4m³, 6m³, 8m³, 10m³, 15m³, na 26m³. Muri 2007, reaction ya coulter yatsindiye uburenganzira bwa moderi yigihugu ya Utility yemewe (nimero yatangajwe: CN200957344). Nyuma ya 2007, hashyizweho reaction idasanzwe yumurongo utanga ionic selulose ether (nka MC / HPMC). Kugeza ubu, umusaruro wimbere mu gihugu wa CMC ukoresha uburyo bwo kwishyura.

Dukurikije ibitekerezo biriho ubu biva mu nganda za selulose ether, gukoresha reakteri ya coulter irashobora kugabanya imikoreshereze ya solvent ku gipimo cya 20% kugeza 30%, kandi hamwe n’ibikoresho by’umusaruro byiyongera, hashobora kubaho ubundi kugabanya imikoreshereze y’ibishishwa. Kubera ko reaction ya coulter ishobora kugera kuri 15-26m³, uburinganire bwo gukwirakwiza insimburangingo muri reaction ya etherification nibyiza cyane kuruta ibya knader.

3. Ibindi bikoresho byo gukora bya selile ya ether

Mu myaka yashize, mugihe utezimbere selulose ether alkalisation na reakteri ya etherification, izindi moderi zindi nazo zirimo gutezwa imbere.

Kuzamura ikirere (nomero yatangajwe kuri patenti: CN200955897). Muburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo bya CMC, icyuma cyumisha cya rake cyakoreshwaga cyane mugikorwa cyo gukira no gukama mugihe cyashize, ariko icyuma cya vacuum cyuma gishobora gukoreshwa rimwe na rimwe, mugihe icyuma kizamura ikirere gishobora kubona imikorere ikomeza. Ikizamura ikirere kimenagura ibikoresho bya CMC binyuze mukuzunguruka byihuse bya coulters hamwe nicyuma kiguruka muri silinderi kugirango yongere ubushyuhe bwo kohereza ubushyuhe, kandi isuka amavuta muri silinderi kugirango ihindure neza Ethanol ivuye mubikoresho bya CMC kandi byoroshye gukira, bityo bigabanye igiciro cyumusaruro CMC kandi uzigame umutungo wa Ethanol, kandi urangize imikorere ya selulose ether yumye icyarimwe. Igicuruzwa gifite moderi ebyiri za 6.2m³na 8m³.

Granulator (nimero yo gutangaza ipatanti: CN200957347). Muburyo bwo gukora selile ya selile hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa solvent, granulator ya twin-screw extrusion granulator yakoreshwaga cyane cyane mugihe cyashize kugirango isukure ibikoresho bya sodium carboxymethyl selulose nyuma ya reaction ya etherification, gukaraba no gukama. Ubwoko bwa ZLH selulose ether granulator ntishobora gusa guhora ikomeza gusa nka granulator isanzwe ihari, ariko kandi irashobora guhora ikuraho ibikoresho mugaburira umwuka muri silinderi n'amazi akonje mukoti. Koresha ubushyuhe bwimyanda, bityo uzamure ubwiza bwa granulation, kandi uzigame amashanyarazi, kandi birashobora kongera umuvuduko wibicuruzwa byongera umuvuduko wa spindle, kandi birashobora guhindura uburebure bwurwego rwibintu ukurikije ibisabwa. Igicuruzwa gifite moderi ebyiri za 3.2m³na 4m³.

Imvange yo mu kirere (nimero yatangajwe: CN200939372). MQH yo mu bwoko bwa MQH ivanga umwuka woherejwe mu cyumba cyo kuvanga unyuze muri nozzle ku mutwe uvanze, kandi ibikoresho bihita bizamuka bikurikiranye ku rukuta rwa silinderi hamwe n'umwuka wafunzwe kugira ngo bivange ibintu bivanze. Nyuma yimpanuka nyinshi no guhagarara umwanya muto, Kwihuta no guhuza kuvanga ibikoresho mububiko bwuzuye birashobora kugerwaho. Itandukaniro hagati yibyiciro bitandukanye byibicuruzwa byahujwe no kuvanga. Kugeza ubu, hari ubwoko butanu bwibicuruzwa: 15m³, 30m³, 50m³, 80m³, na 100m³.

Nubwo ikinyuranyo hagati y’ibikoresho by’umusemburo wa selile y’igihugu cyanjye n’urwego rwo hejuru rw’amahanga bigenda bigabanuka, biracyakenewe kurushaho kunoza urwego rw’ibikorwa no kurushaho kunonosora kugira ngo bikemure ibibazo bidahuye n’ibikoresho bitanga umusaruro.

4. Ibitekerezo

uruganda rwanjye rwa selile ya selile itera imbere cyane mugushushanya no gutunganya ibikoresho bishya, no guhuza ibiranga ibikoresho kugirango bikomeze kunoza imikorere. Abahinguzi nibikoresho bakora batangiye guteza imbere no gukoresha ibikoresho bishya. Ibi byose byerekana iterambere ryinganda zigihugu cya selile. , iyi link izagira ingaruka zikomeye kumajyambere yinganda. Mu myaka yashize, uruganda rwanjye rwa selile ya ether, rushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rifite imiterere y’Abashinwa, rwakoresheje ubunararibonye mpuzamahanga mu rwego mpuzamahanga, rushyiraho ibikoresho byo mu mahanga, cyangwa rwifashishije ibikoresho byose byo mu rugo kugira ngo rwuzuze impinduka ziva mu "mwanda, umwanda, umukene". n'amahugurwa yibanda cyane ku murimo Kuri Guhindura imashini no gukoresha mudasobwa kugirango tugere ku ntera nini mu bushobozi bwo gutanga umusaruro, ubuziranenge no gukora neza mu nganda za selile ya selile byabaye intego rusange y’abakora uruganda rwa selile.