Ibisobanuro:
Kugabanya amazi bigira uruhare runini mubikorwa byubwubatsi bugezweho, kunoza imikorere nimikorere ya beto mugihe hagabanijwe ibirimo ubuhehere. Mu gihe iterambere rirambye n’ibibazo by’ibidukikije bikomeje kwitabwaho, icyifuzo cy’ibikorwa bigabanya amazi meza cyane cyiyongereye.
kumenyekanisha:
Ibicuruzwa bigabanya amazi, bizwi kandi nka superplasticizers, byabaye ingenzi mubikorwa byubwubatsi kugirango hongerwe imikorere ya beto. Izi mikorere zagenewe kuzamura urujya n'uruza rwa beto bitagize ingaruka ku mbaraga zacyo, bityo bigafasha kongera imikorere yubwubatsi. Kwibanda ku myubakire irambye yateje imbere iterambere rya superplasticizers, bituma abayikora bashakisha ibisubizo bishya.
Akamaro ko kugabanya amazi:
Amazi nikintu cyingenzi cyuruvange rwa beto, ariko amazi menshi arashobora gukurura ibibazo bitandukanye nko kugabanya imbaraga, kongera ubwikorezi, nigihe cyo gushiraho igihe kirekire. Kugabanya amazi bivanze bikemura ibyo bibazo mugabanya amazi mugihe gikomeza gukora nibisabwa bya beto. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane murwego rwimyubakire irambye yo kubaka no gukenera ibikoresho neza.
Ubwoko bw'amazi agabanya amazi:
Ubwoko butandukanye bwo kugabanya amazi burahari, harimo lignosulfonate, sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde kondensate, hamwe na etarike ya polyikarubike. Buri bwoko bufite imiterere yihariye kandi imikorere yayo iterwa nibisabwa byihariye byumushinga wubwubatsi. Ababikora bakoresha imiti itandukanye hamwe nuburyo bwo gukora kugirango batange superplasticizer ikwiranye nibisabwa bitandukanye.
Uburyo bwo gukora:
A. Lignosulfonate:
Lignosulfonates ikomoka kubikorwa byo gutema ibiti, kandi kubikora birimo sulfite. Kuvura ibiti hamwe nibintu bya sulfite bitera lignin gutandukana na fibre selile. Lignosulfonate yavuyemo irashobora kuba igikoresho cyiza cyo kugabanya amazi kubera imiterere yacyo. Igikorwa cyo gukora gisaba kugenzura neza kwibanda kuri sulfite hamwe nuburyo bwo kwitwara kugirango ugere kubikorwa wifuza.
b. Sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde condensate (SNF):
Umusaruro wa SNF superplasticizer urimo guhuza nafthalene, formaldehyde na sulfonating agent. Ubu buryo butanga ibicuruzwa bya sulfonone hamwe no gukwirakwiza ibintu. Imiterere ya molekuline na degre ya sulfonation bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere ya SNF superplasticizer. Ababikora bagenzura neza ibipimo byerekana kugirango bagere ku buringanire bwifuzwa hagati yimirimo nimbaraga.
C. Ether ya Polycarboxylate (PCE):
Perchlorethylene igabanya amazi igereranya ubwoko bushya kandi bugezweho bwo kugabanya amazi meza. Gukora tetrachlorethylene bikubiyemo kopolymerisation ya acide acrylic hamwe nabandi ba monomers, bikavamo polymer ifite imiterere isa nuruvange. Iyi miterere idasanzwe itanga ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza kugirango igabanye amazi cyane bitagize ingaruka kumikorere ya beto ivanze. Synthesis ya tetrachlorethylene ikubiyemo tekinike igoye ya polymerisation no kugenzura neza imiterere ya molekile.
Iterambere ryibikorwa byiza-bigabanya amazi:
A. Kwishyira hamwe kwa Nanotehnologiya:
Mu myaka yashize, abashakashatsi n'ababikora bakoze ubushakashatsi bwo kwinjiza nanotehnologiya muri superplasticizers. Nanoparticles irashobora kongera imiterere yo gukwirakwiza ibyo bikoresho, bikagabanya amazi. Ubu buryo ntabwo butezimbere imikorere yimvange gusa, ahubwo binafungura umuryango wibikorwa bishya byibikoresho byubwenge kandi bikiza.
b. Guhitamo porogaramu zihariye:
Amazi meza yo kugabanya amazi meza cyane arimo gutegurwa kubisabwa byihariye, nka beto yo kwikorera (SCC) hamwe na beto ikora cyane (HPC). Imiterere yimiti nuburyo bwa molekuline yiyi reagent byateganijwe kugirango bihuze ibyifuzo byihariye byimishinga itandukanye, byemeza imikorere myiza nogukoresha umutungo.
C. Gahunda ya Chimie Green:
Ababikora baragenda bakurikiza amahame ya chimie yicyatsi mugukora superplasticizers. Ibi bikubiyemo gukoresha ibikoresho fatizo bishobora kuvugururwa, kugabanya imyanda no kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije mubikorwa byo gukora. Icyatsi kibisi kirahuza ninganda zigenda zishimangira iterambere rirambye kandi zigira uruhare mubikorwa byubaka ibidukikije.
d. Guhuza nibikoresho byiyongera bya sima (SCM):
Kwinjizamo ibikoresho bya sima ya kabiri nka ivu nisazi nibisanzwe mubikorwa birambye. Turimo gukora superplasticizers kugirango twongere ubwuzuzanye nibi bikoresho, tumenye ko inyungu zo kugabanya amazi zitabangamiwe mugihe ukoresheje SCM.
Inzitizi n'ibizaza:
Nubwo hari iterambere ryinshi muri superplasticizers, ibibazo biracyahari. Ibi birimo gukenera uburyo busanzwe bwo kwipimisha, gukemura ingaruka zishobora guterwa na reagent kumara igihe kirekire, no kwemeza guhuza nibikoresho bitandukanye bya sima. Amahirwe ahazaza ya superplasticizers arasaba gukomeza ubushakashatsi niterambere kugirango bikemure ibyo bibazo kandi turusheho kunoza imikorere nimikorere yubwubatsi.
mu gusoza:
Gukora superplasticizers numurima ufite imbaraga uhora uhindagurika kugirango uhuze ibyifuzo bikenerwa mubikorwa byubaka birambye. Gutangiza ibisubizo bigezweho bisunika imipaka yimikorere ninshingano z ibidukikije. Hamwe nubushakashatsi bukomeje muri nanotehnologiya, kwihitiramo porogaramu zihariye, gahunda ya chimie yicyatsi kibisi, no kunoza imikoranire hamwe nibikoresho bya sima ya kabiri, ejo hazaza h’ibikoresho bya superplasticizers bisa nkaho mubijyanye no gutanga umusanzu mubikorwa remezo bihamye kandi birambye. Ejo hazaza ni heza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-05-2023