Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) na methyl selulose (MC) ni ibikomoka kuri selile ebyiri zikoreshwa cyane mu nganda nyinshi. Nubwo byombi bikomoka kuri selile isanzwe, bitewe nuburyo butandukanye bwo guhindura imiti, CMC na MC bifite itandukaniro rikomeye mumiterere yimiti, imiterere yumubiri nubumashini, hamwe nimirima ikoreshwa.
1. Inkomoko nubusobanuro bwibanze
Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) itegurwa no gukora selile naturel hamwe na aside ya chloroacetic nyuma yo kuvura alkali. Nibikomoka kuri anionic water-soluble selile. Ubusanzwe CMC ibaho muburyo bwumunyu wa sodium, bityo nanone yitwa Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose (Na-CMC). Bitewe nuburyo bwiza bwo gukemura no kugenzura ibishishwa, CMC ikoreshwa cyane mubiribwa, imiti, gucukura peteroli, inganda nimpapuro.
Methylcellulose (MC) itegurwa na methylating selulose hamwe na methyl chloride (cyangwa izindi reagent methylating). Nibikomoka kuri selile idafite ionic. MC ifite imiterere ya gel yumuriro, igisubizo kirakomera iyo gishyushye kandi kigashonga iyo gikonje. Bitewe nimiterere yihariye, MC ikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho byubwubatsi, gutegura imiti, gutwikira, ibiryo nizindi nganda.
2. Imiterere yimiti
Imiterere shingiro ya CMC nugutangiza itsinda rya carboxymethyl (–CH2COOH) kumurongo wa glucose ya β-1,4-glucosidic bond ya selile. Iri tsinda rya carboxyl rigira anionic. Imiterere ya molekulire ya CMC ifite umubare munini wamatsinda ya sodium carboxylate. Aya matsinda yatandukanijwe byoroshye mumazi, bigatuma molekile ya CMC yishyurwa nabi, bityo ikayiha amazi meza kandi ikabyimba.
Imiterere ya molekulire ya MC ni kwinjiza amatsinda yimikorere (–OCH3) muri molekile ya selile, kandi ayo matsinda yimikorere asimbuza igice cyamatsinda ya hydroxyl muri molekile ya selile. Nta matsinda ionisiye mumiterere ya MC, ntabwo rero ari ionic, bivuze ko idatandukana cyangwa ngo yishyurwe mubisubizo. Imiterere yihariye ya gel yumuriro iterwa no kuba hariho ayo matsinda ya mikorerexy.
3. Ibisubizo hamwe nibintu bifatika
CMC ifite imbaraga zo gukama mumazi kandi irashobora gushonga vuba mumazi akonje kugirango ibe amazi meza. Kubera ko ari anionic polymer, gukomera kwa CMC bigira ingaruka ku mbaraga za ionic n'agaciro ka pH y'amazi. Mugihe cyumunyu mwinshi cyangwa acide ikomeye, gukomera no gutuza kwa CMC bizagabanuka. Byongeye kandi, ubwiza bwa CMC burahagaze neza mubushyuhe butandukanye.
Ubushobozi bwa MC mumazi biterwa n'ubushyuhe. Irashobora gushonga mumazi akonje ariko igakora gel iyo ishyushye. Uyu mutungo wa gel wumuriro utuma MC ikina imirimo idasanzwe muruganda rwibiribwa nibikoresho byubaka. Ubukonje bwa MC buragabanuka uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera, kandi bufite imbaraga zo kurwanya kwangirika kwimisemburo no gutuza.
4. Ibiranga ubukonje
Ubukonje bwa CMC nimwe mubintu byingenzi byingenzi bifatika. Ubukonje bufitanye isano cyane nuburemere bwa molekuline hamwe nurwego rwo gusimburwa. Ubukonje bwibisubizo bya CMC bufite ihinduka ryiza, mubisanzwe bitanga ubukonje bwinshi mukutitonda (1% -2%), kubwibyo rero bikoreshwa kenshi mubyimbye, stabilisateur no guhagarika ibintu.
Ubukonje bwa MC nabwo bufitanye isano n'uburemere bwa molekuline n'urwego rwo gusimburwa. MC ifite impamyabumenyi zitandukanye zo gusimbuza zifite imiterere itandukanye. MC nayo igira ingaruka nziza mubisubizo, ariko iyo ishyutswe nubushyuhe runaka, igisubizo cya MC kizaza. Uyu mutungo wa gelling ukoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byubwubatsi (nka gypsumu, sima) no gutunganya ibiryo (nko kubyimba, gukora firime, nibindi).
5. Ahantu ho gusaba
Ubusanzwe CMC ikoreshwa nkibibyimbye, emulifisiyeri, stabilisateur, hamwe nu guhagarika ibikorwa mu nganda zibiribwa. Kurugero, muri ice cream, yogurt n'ibinyobwa byimbuto, CMC irashobora gukumira neza gutandukanya ibiyigize no kunoza uburyohe nibihamye byibicuruzwa. Mu nganda zikomoka kuri peteroli, CMC ikoreshwa nkigikorwa cyo kuvura ibyondo kugirango ifashe kugenzura amazi no gutakaza amazi yo gucukura. Mubyongeyeho, CMC ikoreshwa kandi muguhindura pulp munganda zimpapuro no kuba agent ingana mu nganda z’imyenda.
MC ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byubwubatsi, cyane cyane muri minisiteri yumye, amatafari ya pile nifu ya poro. Nkumubyimba hamwe nububiko bwamazi, MC irashobora kunoza imikorere yubwubatsi nimbaraga zo guhuza. Mu nganda zimiti, MC ikoreshwa nkibikoresho bya tableti, ibikoresho-birekura-ibikoresho hamwe nibikoresho bya capsule. Ibikoresho bya thermogelling bifasha kurekurwa kugenzurwa muburyo bumwe. Byongeye kandi, MC ikoreshwa kandi mu nganda zibiribwa nkibyimbye, stabilisateur na emulisiferi kubiryo, nka sosi, ibyuzuye, imigati, nibindi.
6. Umutekano hamwe na biodegradability
CMC ifatwa nk'inyongeramusaruro y'ibiryo. Ubushakashatsi bwimbitse bwuburozi bwerekanye ko CMC itagira ingaruka kumubiri wumuntu kuri dosiye isabwa. Kubera ko CMC ari inkomoko ishingiye kuri selile isanzwe kandi ifite ibinyabuzima byiza, usanga ari byiza mubidukikije kandi birashobora kwangizwa na mikorobe.
MC nayo ifatwa nk'inyongera yizewe kandi ikoreshwa cyane mumiti, ibiryo no kwisiga. Kamere yayo itari ionic ituma ihagarara neza muri vivo no muri vitro. Nubwo MC idashobora kwangirika nka CMC, irashobora kandi guteshwa agaciro na mikorobe mu bihe byihariye.
Nubwo carboxymethyl selulose na methyl selulose byombi bikomoka kuri selile naturel, bifite imiterere itandukanye mubikorwa bifatika bitewe nuburyo butandukanye bwimiti, imiterere yumubiri hamwe nimirima ikoreshwa. CMC ikoreshwa cyane mu biribwa, imiti n’inganda bitewe n’amazi meza yo gukama neza, kubyimba no guhagarika, mu gihe MC ifite umwanya w’ingenzi mu bwubatsi, imiti n’ibiribwa bitewe n’imiterere ya gel hamwe n’ubushyuhe. Byombi bifite porogaramu zidasanzwe mu nganda zigezweho, kandi byombi ni icyatsi kandi cyangiza ibidukikije.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-18-2024