Gukoresha CMC mu biryo
Sodium carboxymethyl selulose (carboxymethyl selulose, sodium CMC) ni carboxymethylated ikomoka kuri selile, izwi kandi nka selile ya gasegereti, kandi nigifu cyingirakamaro cyane.
Ubusanzwe CMC ni ifumbire ya anionic polymer iboneka mugukora selile naturel hamwe na caustic alkali na acide monochloroacetic. Uburemere bwa molekile yikomatanya buva ku bihumbi byinshi kugeza kuri miliyoni. ipfundo ryibice bya molekile
CMC ni iyahinduwe rya selile naturel. Kugeza ubu, Ishami ry’Umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku biribwa n’ubuhinzi (FAO) n’umuryango w’ubuzima ku isi (OMS) ryise ku mugaragaro “selile yahinduwe”. Uburyo bwa synthesis ya sodium carboxymethyl selulose bwavumbuwe n’umudage E.Jansen mu 1918, bukaba bwarahawe patenti mu 1921 bukamenyekana ku isi, kuva icyo gihe bugurishwa mu Burayi.
CMC yakoreshwaga gusa kubicuruzwa bitavanze, nka colloid na binder. Kuva mu 1936 kugeza 1941, ubushakashatsi bwakoreshejwe mu nganda za sodium carboxymethyl selulose bwakoraga cyane, kandi hasohotse patenti nyinshi zimurikira. Mu gihe cy'Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, Ubudage bwakoresheje CMC mu bikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa sintetike nk'imiti igabanya ubukana, Kandi nk'igisimbuza amenyo amwe n'amwe (nka gelatine, gum arabic), inganda za CMC zateye imbere cyane.
CMC ikoreshwa cyane muri peteroli, geologiya, imiti ya buri munsi, ibiryo, ubuvuzi nizindi nganda, izwi nka "inganda monosodium glutamate".
01 IGICE
Imiterere yimiterere ya CMC
CMC ni ifu yera cyangwa yoroheje yumuhondo, granular cyangwa fibrous ikomeye. Nibintu bya chimique macromolecular bishobora gukuramo amazi no kubyimba. Iyo yabyimbye mumazi, irashobora gukora kole ibonerana. PH yo guhagarika amazi ni 6.5-8.5. Ibintu ntibishobora gushonga mumashanyarazi nka Ethanol, ether, acetone na chloroform.
CMC ikomeye ihamye kugirango ubushyuhe nicyumba, kandi birashobora kubikwa igihe kirekire ahantu humye. CMC ni ubwoko bwa selile ether. Ubusanzwe ikozwe muri pamba ngufi (ibirimo selile igera kuri 98%) cyangwa ibiti byimbaho, bivurwa na hydroxide ya sodium hanyuma bigakorwa na sodium monochloroacetate. Uburemere bwa molekile yikomatanya ni 6400 (± 1000). Mubusanzwe hariho uburyo bubiri bwo gutegura: uburyo bwamakara-amazi nuburyo bwo gukemura. Hariho nibindi fibre yibimera bikoreshwa mugukora CMC.
IGICE
Ibiranga na Porogaramu
CMC ntabwo ari stabilisateur nziza ya emulsiya gusa kandi ikabyimbye mugukoresha ibiryo, ariko kandi ifite ubukonje buhebuje no gushonga, kandi irashobora kunoza uburyohe bwibicuruzwa no kongera igihe cyo kubika.
Mu 1974, Ishami ry’Umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku biribwa n’ubuhinzi (FAO) n’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku buzima (OMS) ryemeje ikoreshwa rya CMC ryera mu biribwa nyuma y’ubushakashatsi n’ibizamini bikomeye by’ibinyabuzima n’uburozi. Ibiryo mpuzamahanga byemewe (ADI) ni 25mg / kg uburemere bwumubiri / kumunsi.
2.1 Kubyimba no kumera neza
Kurya CMC birashobora kugira uruhare mukwisuka no guhagarika ibinyobwa birimo amavuta na proteyine. Ni ukubera ko CMC ihinduka colloide itajegajega nyuma yo gushonga mumazi, hanyuma poroteyine zihinduka uduce duto hamwe nubushakashatsi bumwe burinzwe na firime ya colloid, ishobora gukora proteine mubice bihamye. Ifite kandi ingaruka zimwe na zimwe za emulisifike, mugihe kimwe, irashobora kugabanya ubukana bwubuso hagati yibinure namazi, kugirango ibinure bishobore kwigana neza.
CMC irashobora kuzamura ituze ryibicuruzwa kuko mugihe pH agaciro yibicuruzwa bitandukanije na isoelectric point ya proteine, sodium carboxymethyl selulose irashobora gukora imiterere igoye hamwe na poroteyine, ishobora kuzamura ituze ryibicuruzwa.
2.2 Ongera ubwinshi
Gukoresha CMC muri ice cream birashobora kongera kwaguka kwa ice cream, kunoza umuvuduko wo gushonga, gutanga imiterere nuburyohe, no kugenzura ingano nogukura kwa kirisiti ya ice mugihe cyo gutwara no kubika. Amafaranga yakoreshejwe ni 0.5% ya yose hamwe. Umubare wongeyeho.
Ni ukubera ko CMC ifite amazi meza kandi ikwirakwizwa, kandi ikomatanya ibice bya poroteyine, ibinure bya globules hamwe na molekile y'amazi muri koleide kugirango ibe sisitemu imwe kandi ihamye.
2.3 Hydrophilicity na rehydration
Iyi mitungo ikora ya CMC isanzwe ikoreshwa mugukora imigati, ishobora gukora ubuki bumwe, kongera ubwinshi, kugabanya igicucu, kandi bikagira n'ingaruka zo gukomeza gushyuha no gushya; isafuriya yongeyeho na CMC ifite amazi meza, irwanya guteka nuburyohe bwiza.
Ibi bigenwa nuburyo bwa molekuline ya CMC, ikaba ikomoka kuri selile ifite umubare munini wamatsinda ya hydrophilique mumurongo wa molekile: -OH itsinda, -COONa, bityo CMC ifite hydrophilique nziza kuruta selile hamwe nubushobozi bwo gufata amazi.
2.4
Thixotropic CMC isobanura ko iminyururu ya macromolecular ifite umubare runaka wimikoranire kandi ikunda gukora ibice bitatu. Nyuma yimiterere-yuburyo butatu imaze gushingwa, ubwiza bwumuti bwiyongera, kandi nyuma yuburyo butatu bumaze gucika, ubwiza buragabanuka. Ikintu cya thixotropique ni uko bigaragara ko guhinduka kwijimye biterwa nigihe.
Thixotropic CMC igira uruhare runini muri sisitemu ya gelling kandi irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora jele, jam nibindi biribwa.
2.5 Irashobora gukoreshwa nkibintu bisobanutse, stabilisateur ifuro, kongera uburyohe
CMC irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora divayi kugirango uburyohe burusheho kuba bwiza kandi bukize, kandi nyuma yinyuma ni ndende; mu gukora byeri, irashobora gukoreshwa nka stabilisateur ifuro ya byeri, bigatuma ifuro ikungahaye kandi iramba kandi itezimbere uburyohe.
CMC ni polyelectrolyte, ishobora kugira uruhare muburyo butandukanye muri vino kugirango ibungabunge umubiri wa vino. Muri icyo gihe, irahuza kandi na kristu zakozwe, zihindura imiterere ya kristu, zihindura imiterere ya kristu muri vino, kandi bigatera imvura. Gukusanya ibintu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-07-2022