Ingaruka Zibisimbuza nuburemere bwa Molecular Kubuso Bwiza bwa Nonionic Cellulose Ether

Ukurikije igitekerezo cya Washburn cyo gutera akabariro (Theetetration Theory) hamwe na van Oss-Nziza-Chaudhury yo guhuza ibitekerezo (Gukomatanya Theory) hamwe no gukoresha tekinoroji ya wick inkingi (Inkingi ya Waking Technique), ethers nyinshi zitari ionic selile, nka methyl selile selile, hydroxypropyl selulose na hydroxypropyl methylcellulose byapimwe. Bitewe nibisimburanya bitandukanye, impamyabumenyi zo gusimbuza hamwe nuburemere bwa molekuline yiyi selile ya selile, ingufu zubuso hamwe nibigize biratandukanye cyane. Amakuru yerekana ko umusingi wa Lewis wa selire ya ion itari ionic nini kuruta aside ya Lewis, kandi igice kinini cyingufu zubusa hejuru ni imbaraga za Lifshitz-van der Waals. Ingufu zubuso bwa hydroxypropyl nibiyigize biruta ibya hydroxymethyl. Hashingiwe ku gusimbuza kimwe no kurwego rwo gusimbuza, ingufu zubusa hejuru ya hydroxypropyl selulose iringaniza nuburemere bwa molekile; mugihe ubuso bwubusa bwubusa bwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose buringaniye nurwego rwo gusimburwa kandi bihwanye nuburemere bwa molekile. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje kandi ko ingufu zo hejuru za hydroxypropyl na hydroxypropylmethyl muri ether zitari ionic selulose ether zisa nkiziruta ingufu zo hejuru ya selile, kandi ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ingufu zubutaka bwa selile yapimwe hamwe nibiyigize Amakuru ari bihuye n'ibitabo.

Amagambo y'ingenzi: nonheric selulose ethers; abasimbuye n'impamyabumenyi zo gusimburwa; uburemere bwa molekile; imiterere y'ubutaka; tekinoroji

Ether ya selulose nicyiciro kinini cyibikomoka kuri selile, bishobora kugabanywamo eteri ya anionic, cationic na nonionic ukurikije imiterere yimiti yabasimbuye ether. Cellulose ether nimwe mubicuruzwa byambere byakorewe ubushakashatsi kandi bigakorwa muri chimie polymer. Kugeza ubu, selile ya selile yakoreshejwe cyane mubuvuzi, isuku, kwisiga no gukora inganda.

Nubwo ether ya selile, nka hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose na hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, byakozwe mu nganda kandi imitungo myinshi yabyo yarizwe, ingufu zubuso bwazo, aside Alkali-reaction-reaction ntabwo kugeza ubu. Kubera ko ibyinshi muri ibyo bicuruzwa bikoreshwa mubidukikije byamazi, kandi ibiranga ubuso, cyane cyane ibiranga aside-fatizo yibiranga, birashoboka ko bigira ingaruka kumikoreshereze yabyo, birakenewe cyane kwiga no gusobanukirwa ibiranga imiti yimiterere yiyi selile yubucuruzi.

Urebye ko ingero zikomoka kuri selile zoroshye guhinduka cyane hamwe nihinduka ryimiterere yimyiteguro, iyi mpapuro ikoresha ibicuruzwa byubucuruzi nkicyitegererezo kugirango biranga ingufu zubuso bwabo, kandi hashingiwe kuri ibyo, ingaruka zinsimburangingo nuburemere bwa molekile yibicuruzwa nkibi hejuru imitungo irigwa.

1. Igice cyubushakashatsi

1.1 Ibikoresho bibisi

Ether itari ionic selulose ether ikoreshwa mubigeragezo nibicuruzwa byaKIMA CHIMICAL CO., LTD,. Ingero ntizigeze zivurwa mbere yo kwipimisha.

Urebye ko ibikomoka kuri selile bikozwe muri selile, ibyubatswe byombi biregeranye, kandi hejuru yubutaka bwa selile byavuzwe mubitabo, iyi mpapuro rero ikoresha selile nkicyitegererezo gisanzwe. Icyitegererezo cya selile yakoreshejwe ni code yitwa C8002 kandi yaguzwe kuvaKIMA, CN. Icyitegererezo nticyigeze kivurwa mugihe cyizamini.

Reagents zikoreshwa mubushakashatsi ni: Ethane, diiodomethane, amazi ya deionised, formamide, toluene, chloroform. Amazi yose yari ibicuruzwa bisesenguye usibye amazi yaboneka mubucuruzi.

1.2 Uburyo bw'igerageza

Muri ubu bushakashatsi, hifashishijwe uburyo bwo gukuramo inkingi, hanyuma igice (hafi cm 10) cya pipeti isanzwe ifite diameter y'imbere ya mm 3 yaciwe nkumuyoboro winkingi. Shyira mg 200 z'icyitegererezo cy'ifu mu nkingi ya buri mwanya, hanyuma uyinyeganyeze kugirango uyigire ndetse uyishyire mu buryo buhagaritse munsi yikintu cyikirahure gifite diameter y'imbere ya cm 3, kugirango amazi ashobore kwandikirwa wenyine. Gupima 1 mL y'amazi kugirango bipimwe hanyuma ubishyire mubirahuri, hanyuma wandike igihe cyo kwibiza t nintera yo kwibiza X icyarimwe. Ubushakashatsi bwose bwakorewe ku bushyuhe bwicyumba (25±1°C). Buri makuru ni impuzandengo ya bitatu yigana.

1.3 Kubara amakuru yubushakashatsi

Ishimikiro ryuburyo bwo gukoresha tekinike yo gukata inkingi kugirango igerageze ingufu zubutaka bwibikoresho byifu ni ikigereranyo cya Washburn cyo kugereranya (kugereranya Washburn penetration).

1.3.1 Kugena capillary ingirakamaro ya radiyo Ingaruka yicyitegererezo cyapimwe

Iyo ushyizeho uburyo bwo kwibiza bwa Washburn, ibisabwa kugirango ugere neza ni cos = 1. Ibi bivuze ko mugihe hatoranijwe amazi kugirango yinjire mubintu bikomeye kugirango tugere kumiterere yuzuye neza, turashobora kubara capillary effic radius Reff yicyitegererezo cyapimwe mugupima intera yo kwibiza hamwe nigihe dukurikije ikibazo cyihariye cya formula ya Washburn.

1.3.2 Lifshitz-van der Waals imbaraga zo kubara icyitegererezo cyapimwe

Dukurikije amategeko ya van Oss-Chaudhury-Nziza ahuza amategeko, isano iri hagati yimyitwarire hagati yamazi na solide.

1.3.3 Kubara imbaraga za aside-Lewis yingero zapimwe

Muri rusange, aside-ishingiro yibintu bigereranijwe uhereye kumibare yatewe n'amazi na formamide. Ariko muri iki kiganiro, twasanze ntakibazo gihari mugihe ukoresheje aya mavuta ya polar kugirango apime selile, ariko mugupima ether ya selile, kuko uburebure bwibiza bwa sisitemu yumuti wamazi / formamide muri selile ya ether iri hasi cyane , gukora igihe gufata amajwi biragoye cyane. Kubwibyo, sisitemu yo gukemura toluene / chloroform yatangijwe na Chibowsk. Ku bwa Chibowski, sisitemu yo gukemura ya toluene / chloroform nayo ni amahitamo. Ni ukubera ko ayo mazi yombi afite acide idasanzwe na alkalineite, urugero, toluene nta acide ya Lewis, na chloroform idafite alkalinity ya Lewis. Kugirango tubone amakuru yabonetse na sisitemu yo gukemura ya toluene / chloroform yegereye sisitemu isabwa ya polar igisubizo cyamazi / formamide, dukoresha ubwo buryo bubiri bwamazi ya polar kugirango tugerageze selile icyarimwe, hanyuma tubone kwaguka cyangwa guhuza coefficient zijyanye no kwaguka. mbere yo gushyira mubikorwa Amakuru yabonetse mugutera inda ya selulose ether hamwe na toluene / chloroform yegereye imyanzuro yabonetse kuri sisitemu y'amazi / formamide. Kubera ko selile ya selile ikomoka kuri selile kandi hari imiterere isa cyane hagati yibi byombi, ubu buryo bwo kugereranya bushobora kuba bwemewe.

1.3.4 Kubara ingufu zose zubusa

2. Ibisubizo n'ibiganiro

2.1 Igipimo cya selile

Kubera ko ibisubizo byacu byipimishije kuri selile isanzwe yasanze aya makuru ahuza neza nayatangajwe mubitabo, birakwiye ko twizera ko ibisubizo byikizamini kuri ethers ya selile nabyo bigomba gusuzumwa.

2.2 Ibisubizo by'ibizamini no kuganira kuri selile ether

Mugihe cyo kugerageza selile ya selile, biragoye cyane kwandika intera yibiza hamwe nigihe bitewe nuburebure buke bwo kwibiza bwamazi na formamide. Kubwibyo, iyi mpapuro ihitamo sisitemu yo gukemura ya toluene / chloroform nkikindi gisubizo, kandi ikagereranya acide ya Lewis ya selile ya ether hashingiwe kubisubizo byikizamini cyamazi / formamide na toluene / chloroform kuri selile hamwe nubusabane buri hagati yuburyo bubiri bwo gukemura. n'imbaraga za alkaline.

Gufata selile nkicyitegererezo gisanzwe, urukurikirane rwibintu biranga aside-fatizo biranga selile. Kubera ko ibisubizo byo gutera inda ya selulose ether hamwe na toluene / chloroform byapimwe bitaziguye, birashimishije.

Ibi bivuze ko ubwoko nuburemere bwa molekuline yibisimbura bigira ingaruka kumiterere ya acide-ishingiro ya selile ya selile, nubusabane hagati yibi bintu byombi, hydroxypropyl na hydroxypropylmethyl, kumiterere ya acide-fatizo ya selile ya selile nuburemere bwa molekile bitandukanye cyane. Ariko birashobora kandi kuba bifitanye isano nuko abadepite bavanze ninsimburangingo.

Kubera ko insimburangingo ya MO43 na K8913 zitandukanye kandi zifite uburemere bumwe, urugero, insimburangingo yambere ni hydroxymethyl naho insimburangingo yanyuma ni hydroxypropyl, ariko uburemere bwa molekuline bwombi ni 100.000, bivuze rero ko bivuze ko icyerekezo cyuburemere bumwe Mubihe, S + na S- byitsinda rya hydroxymethyl birashobora kuba bito kurenza hydroxypropyl. Ariko urwego rwo gusimburwa narwo rushoboka, kuko urwego rwo gusimbuza K8913 rugera kuri 3.00, mugihe urwa MO43 ari 1.90 gusa.

Kubera ko urwego rwo gusimbuza no gusimbuza K8913 na K9113 ari kimwe ariko uburemere bwa molekile gusa buratandukanye, kugereranya byombi byerekana ko S + ya hydroxypropyl selulose igabanuka hamwe no kwiyongera kwibiro bya molekile, ariko S- ikiyongera muburyo bunyuranye. .

Duhereye ku ncamake y'ibisubizo by'ibizamini by'ingufu zo hejuru ya selile zose za selile hamwe nibiyigize, birashobora kugaragara ko yaba selile cyangwa selile ether, igice kinini cyingufu zabo zo hejuru ni imbaraga za Lifshitz-van der Waals, zibarirwa hafi 98% ~ 99%. Byongeye kandi, imbaraga za Lifshitz-van der Waals zizo selile zidafite selile (usibye MO43) nazo ziruta cyane iz'uturemangingo, ibyo bikaba byerekana ko inzira ya etherifisation ya selile nayo ari inzira yo kongera ingufu za Lifshitz-van der Waals. Kandi uku kwiyongera kuganisha ku mbaraga zo hejuru ya selile ether iruta iya selile. Iyi phenomenon irashimishije cyane kuko ethers ya selile ikunze gukoreshwa mugukora surfactants. Ariko amakuru arashimishije, sibyo gusa kuko amakuru yerekeranye nurugero rusanzwe rwerekanwe muri ubu bushakashatsi arahuza cyane nagaciro kavuzwe mubitabo, amakuru yerekeranye nicyitegererezo gisanzwe arahuza cyane nagaciro kavuzwe mubitabo, kuko urugero: selile zose SAB ya ethers ni nto cyane ugereranije na selile, kandi ibi biterwa na base nini ya Lewis. Hashingiwe ku gusimbuza kimwe no kurwego rwo gusimbuza, ingufu zubusa hejuru ya hydroxypropyl selulose iringaniza nuburemere bwa molekile; mugihe ubuso bwubusa bwubusa bwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose buringaniye nurwego rwo gusimburwa kandi bihwanye nuburemere bwa molekile.

Byongeye kandi, kubera ko ether ya selile ifite SLW nini kuruta selile, ariko dusanzwe tuzi ko gutandukana kwabo ari byiza kuruta selile, bityo rero birashobora gutekerezwa mbere yuko igice kinini cya SLW kigizwe na ether ya selile idafite ingufu zigomba kuba ingufu za Londres.

3. Umwanzuro

Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko ubwoko bwinsimburangingo, urwego rwo gusimbuza nuburemere bwa molekuline bigira uruhare runini ku mbaraga zo hejuru no mu bigize selile ya ionic selile. Kandi iyi ngaruka isa nkaho ifite ubudahwema bukurikira:

(1) S + ya selile ionic selulose ether ni nto kuruta S-.

(2) Imbaraga zubuso bwa selile nonionic selulose ether yiganjemo imbaraga za Lifshitz-van der Waals.

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. mugihe ubuso bwubusa bwubusa bwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose buringaniye nurwego rwo gusimburwa kandi bihwanye nuburemere bwa molekile.

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