Nk’uko imibare ituzuye, muri iki gihe umusaruro wa ether utari ionic selulose ether umaze kugera kuri toni zirenga 500.000, naho hydroxypropyl methyl selulose igera kuri 80% kugeza kuri toni zirenga 400.000, Ubushinwa mu myaka ibiri ishize ibigo byinshi byaguye umusaruro ku buryo bwihuse kwagura ubushobozi bugeze kuri toni zigera ku 180 000, hafi toni 60 000 zo gukoresha mu gihugu, Muri ibyo, toni zirenga miliyoni 550 zikoreshwa mu nganda naho 70% zikoreshwa nk'inyongera mu kubaka.
Bitewe nuburyo butandukanye bwibicuruzwa, ibipimo byerekana ivu ryibicuruzwa nabyo birashobora kuba bitandukanye, kuburyo umusaruro ushobora gutegurwa ukurikije ibisabwa byubwoko butandukanye mugikorwa cyo kubyaza umusaruro, bifasha ingaruka zo kuzigama ingufu, kugabanya ibicuruzwa no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya.
1 hydroxypropyl methyl selulose ivu nuburyo buriho
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) yitwa ivu ukurikije ubuziranenge bw’inganda hamwe na sulfate cyangwa ibisigazwa bishyushye na pharmacopoeia, ibyo bikaba byumvikana ko ari umwanda udasanzwe w’ibicuruzwa. Igikorwa nyamukuru cyo kubyazwa umusaruro na alkali ikomeye (hydroxide ya sodium) binyuze muburyo bwo guhindura ihinduka ryanyuma rya pH kumunyu utabogamye hamwe nibikoresho fatizo byaranzwe numubare wumunyu ngugu.
Uburyo bwo kumenya ivu ryuzuye; Nyuma y’urugero runaka rwerekana karubone hanyuma igatwikwa mu itanura ry’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ibintu kama bihinduka okiside kandi bikabora, bigahunga mu buryo bwa karuboni ya dioxyde de carbone, okiside ya azote n’amazi, mu gihe ibintu bitavanze bikomeza kuba mu buryo bwa sulfate, fosifate, karubone, chloride nindi myunyu ngugu hamwe na okiside yicyuma. Ibisigazwa ni ivu. Ingano yivu yose murugero irashobora kubarwa mugupima ibisigisigi.
Ukurikije uburyo ukoresheje acide zitandukanye kandi bizatanga imyunyu itandukanye: cyane cyane sodium chloride (iterwa nigisubizo cya ioni ya chloride muri chloromethane na sodium hydroxide) hiyongereyeho andi acide itabogamye irashobora kubyara sodium acetate, sodium sulfide cyangwa sodium oxyde.
2. Ivu risabwa murwego rwinganda hydroxypropyl methyl selulose
Hydroxypropyl methyl selulose ikoreshwa cyane cyane nko kubyimba, emulisile, gukora firime, kurinda colloid, kubika amazi, gufatira hamwe, anti-enzyme na metabolike inert nibindi bikoreshwa, ikoreshwa cyane mubice byinshi byinganda, zishobora kugabanywa mubice bikurikira ibintu:
. Imyubakire yububiko, latex ikoreshwa cyane cyane nka colloid ikingira, gukora firime, umubyimba hamwe nubufasha bwo guhagarika pigment.
(2) Polyvinyl chloride: ikoreshwa cyane nka dispersant muri polymerisation reaction ya sisitemu yo guhagarika polymerisation.
.
. igice-gikomeye cyo kwitegura kubyimbye, emulisation, guhagarikwa, gusaba matrix;
.
(6) gukora impapuro: gutatanya, gusiga amabara, umukozi ukomeza;
(7) Gucapa imyenda no gusiga irangi: impuzu yimyenda, ibara, kwagura amabara:
.
Ukurikije ibitekerezo byuburambe bwigihe kirekire cyo gusaba hamwe nincamake yubuziranenge bwimbere mu gihugu bwa bimwe mubigo byamahanga ndetse n’imbere mu gihugu, gusa ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bya polyvinyl chloride polymerisation hamwe n’imiti ya buri munsi birasabwa kugenzura umunyu uri munsi ya 0.010, na farumasi. y'ibihugu bitandukanye bisaba kugenzura umunyu uri munsi ya 0.015. Ubundi buryo bwo gukoresha umunyu burashobora kuba bwagutse cyane cyane ibicuruzwa byubwubatsi usibye kubyara umusaruro ushimishije, umunyu wamabara ufite ibyo usabwa, ibisigaye birashobora kugenzura umunyu <0.05 birashobora guhura cyane nikoreshwa.
3 hydroxypropyl methyl selulose inzira nuburyo bwo gukuraho umunyu
Uburyo nyamukuru bwo kubyaza umusaruro hydroxypropyl methyl selulose mugihugu ndetse no mumahanga nuburyo bukurikira:
. Nyuma yo kubyitwaramo, ibicuruzwa byogejwe, byumishwa, bijanjagurwa kandi byungururwa namazi ashyushye.
. muri horizontal reaction hamwe nubukangurambaga bukomeye. Ntamashanyarazi yinyongera asabwa kugirango reaction. Nyuma yo kubyitwaramo, ibicuruzwa byogejwe, byumishwa, bijanjagurwa kandi byungururwa namazi ashyushye.
. ongeramo ingano ya lye na etherifying agent kuri reaction, nyuma yo kubyitwaramo hamwe nubushyuhe bwa acetone reaction ya selile nziza ether, Hanyuma yozwa mumazi ashyushye, yumishwa, ujanjagurwa kandi uyungurura kugirango ubone ibicuruzwa byarangiye. (Ntabwo ikiri mubikorwa byinganda).
Igisubizo kirangira ntakibazo cyakoreshwa muburyo bwuburyo bwavuzwe haruguru bufite umunyu mwinshi, ukurikije inzira zitandukanye zishobora gutanga ni: sodium chloride na sodium acetate, sodium sulfide, sodium oxalate, nibindi bivanga umunyu, bikenerwa binyuze mumunyu, gukoresha umunyu mugukemura amazi, mubisanzwe hamwe no gukaraba amazi ashyushye, ubu ibikoresho nyamukuru nuburyo bwo gukaraba ni:
(1) akayunguruzo ka vacuum; Irabikora mukunyunyuza ibikoresho bibisi byuzuye n'amazi ashyushye hanyuma ukamesa umunyu ukwirakwiza ibishishwa hejuru yumukandara uyungurura amazi ashyushye hanyuma ukayungurura hepfo.
.
. gutandukanya no gukuramo umunyu.
Gukaraba amazi ashyushye kugirango ukureho umunyu ushonga, kubera ko ugomba guhuza amazi ashyushye, gukaraba, niko bigenda bigabanuka munsi yivu, naho ubundi, ivu ryayo rifitanye isano itaziguye n’amazi ashyushye, inganda rusange ibicuruzwa niba kugenzura ivu munsi ya 1% Koresha amazi ashyushye toni 10, niba kugenzura munsi ya 5% bizakenera hafi toni 6 zamazi ashyushye.
Amazi y’imyanda ya Cellulose afite amazi ya ogisijeni ikenewe (COD) arenga 60 000 mg / L hamwe n’umunyu urenga mg / L zirenga 30 000, bityo rero bihenze cyane kuvura ayo mazi y’imyanda, kuko bigoye kuyatwara biohimiki yumunyu mwinshi, kandi ntabwo yemerewe gucogora ukurikije ibisabwa murwego rwo kurengera ibidukikije muri iki gihe. Igisubizo cyibanze ni ugukuraho umunyu ukoresheje distillation. Kubwibyo, toni imwe yongeyeho amazi abira azabyara toni imwe yimyanda. Ukurikije ikoranabuhanga rya MUR rigezweho rifite ingufu nyinshi, igiciro cyuzuye cya buri toni yo koza amazi yibanze ni hafi 80, kandi ikiguzi nyamukuru ni ugukoresha ingufu zose.
Ingaruka ya 4 ivu ku kigero cyo gufata amazi ya hydroxypropyl methyl selulose
HPMC ifite uruhare runini mu gufata amazi, kubyimba no korohereza ubwubatsi mubikoresho byubaka.
Kubika amazi: kongera igihe cyo gufungura kubika ibikoresho, kugirango bifashe imikorere yacyo neza.
Kubyimba: Cellulose irashobora kubyimbagana kugirango ikine ihagarikwa, kugirango igisubizo gikomeze kimwe hejuru no munsi yinshingano imwe, kurwanya kumanika kumanikwa.
Ubwubatsi: Amavuta ya selile, arashobora kugira ubwubatsi bwiza. HPMC ntabwo yitabira uburyo imiti ikora, gusa igira uruhare rwubufasha. Kimwe mubyingenzi nukuzigama amazi, kugumana amazi ya minisiteri bigira ingaruka kuri homogenisation ya minisiteri, hanyuma bikagira ingaruka kumiterere yubukanishi no kuramba kwa minisiteri ikomeye. Amabuye ya Masonry na plaster ni ibice bibiri byingenzi byibikoresho bya minisiteri, kandi umurima wingenzi wo gukoresha minisiteri ya minisiteri na minisiteri yububiko ni imiterere yububiko. Nkumwanya wo gusaba mugikorwa cyibicuruzwa biri mubihe byumye, kugirango hagabanuke icyuma cyumye cyo kwinjiza amazi akomeye ya minisiteri, ubwubatsi bufata icyemezo mbere yo gutangira, kugirango kibuze ibintu bimwe na bimwe by’ubushuhe, bugumane ubuhehere muri minisiteri. kugirango uhagarike ibintu birenze urugero, birashobora kugumana hydrasiyo isanzwe yimbere yimbere nka sima ya sima. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, ibintu nko gutandukanya ubwoko bwikigereranyo hamwe n’ikibanza kibanziriza ubushuhe bizagira ingaruka ku gipimo cy’amazi yatakaje no gutakaza amazi ya minisiteri, bizazana akaga kihishe ku bwiza rusange bwububiko. Minisiteri ifite amazi meza cyane irashobora gukuraho ingaruka zibikoresho byahagaritswe nibintu byabantu, kandi ikemeza ko ubutunzi bwa minisiteri.
Ingaruka zo gufata amazi kumikorere ya minisiteri igaragarira cyane cyane ku ngaruka ku gice cyimbere hagati ya minisiteri na blok. Hamwe no gutakaza amazi yihuse ya minisiteri hamwe no gufata amazi mabi, amazi ya minisiteri mugice cyimbere biragaragara ko adahagije, kandi sima ntishobora kuba yuzuye neza, bigira ingaruka kumikurire isanzwe yimbaraga. Imbaraga zihuza ibikoresho bishingiye kuri sima ikorwa cyane cyane na anchorage yibicuruzwa bitanga amazi. Amazi ya sima adahagije mukarere ka interineti agabanya imbaraga zubusabane bwimbaraga, hamwe no gutobora no gutobora kwa minisiteri byiyongera.
Kubwibyo, guhitamo ibyunvikana cyane kubijyanye no gufata amazi byubaka K ibirango bitatu byubwiza butandukanye, binyuze muburyo butandukanye bwo gukaraba kugirango ugaragare icyiciro kimwe cya kabiri giteganijwe kuba ivu, hanyuma ukurikije uburyo busanzwe bwo gupima amazi (uburyo bwo kuyungurura impapuro ) kumurongo umwe numero itandukanye ivu ryamazi yo kubika amazi mumatsinda atatu yintangarugero yihariye kuburyo bukurikira:
4.1 Uburyo bw'igerageza bwo kumenya igipimo cyo gufata amazi (uburyo bwo kuyungurura impapuro)
4.1.1 Gukoresha ibikoresho nibikoresho
Kuvanga sima ya sima, gupima silinderi, kuringaniza, isaha yo guhagarara, icyuma kitagira umwanda, ikiyiko, impeta yicyuma ipfa (diameter y'imbere φ100 mm × diameter yo hanze φ110 mm × hejuru ya mm 25, impapuro zungurura vuba, impapuro ziyungurura buhoro, isahani yikirahure.
4.1.2 Ibikoresho na reagent
CEMENT isanzwe ya Portland (425 #), UMUYOBOZI WA STANDARD (UMUKARA NTA MUD WOJWE N'AMAZI), URUGERO RWA PRODUCT (HPMC), AMAZI YIZA KUBIKORESHEJWE (AMAZI KAZI, AMAZI MINERAL).
4.1.3
Ubushyuhe bwa laboratoire: 23 ± 2 ℃; Ubushuhe bugereranije: ≥ 50%; Ubushyuhe bwamazi ya laboratoire nubushyuhe bwicyumba 23 ℃.
4.1.4 Uburyo bwo kugerageza
Shira isahani yikirahuri kuri platifomu ikora, shyiramo impapuro zipima zipima zipima (uburemere: M1), hanyuma ushyireho urupapuro rwunguruzo rwihuta kurupapuro rwihuta, hanyuma ushireho impeta yicyuma kumpapuro zungurura vuba ( impeta y'impeta ntishobora kurenza uruziga rwihuta rwo kuyungurura).
Gupima neza (425 #) sima 90 g; Umusenyi usanzwe 210 g; Ibicuruzwa (icyitegererezo) 0.125g; Suka mubintu bidafite ingese hanyuma ubivange neza (kuvanga byumye).
Koresha ivanga rya sima (kuvanga inkono namababi bifite isuku kandi byumye, bisukuye neza kandi byumye nyuma ya buri igeragezwa, shyira kuruhande). Koresha silinderi yo gupima gupima ml 72 y'amazi meza (23 ℃), banza usuke mu nkono ikurura, hanyuma usukemo ibikoresho byateguwe, winjire muri s 30; Mugihe kimwe, uzamure inkono kumwanya wo kuvanga, tangira kuvanga, hanyuma ukangure kumuvuduko muke (nukuvuga buhoro buhoro) kuri 60 s; Hagarara kuri 15 s hanyuma usibe ibishishwa kurukuta hanyuma ushyire mu nkono; Komeza guhina vuba kuri 120 s kugirango uhagarare. Suka (umutwaro) minisiteri yose ivanze mumashanyarazi yicyuma idafite ingese vuba, nigihe uhereye igihe minisiteri ikora kumpapuro yungurura byihuse (kanda kumasaha). Nyuma yiminota 2, impeta yimpeta yarahinduwe hanyuma impapuro zidashungura zarakuwe zirapimwa (uburemere: M2). Kora igeragezwa ryubusa ukurikije uburyo bwavuzwe haruguru (uburemere bwimpapuro ziyungurura mbere na nyuma yo gupima ni M3, M4)
Uburyo bwo kubara nuburyo bukurikira:
(1)
Aho, M1 - uburemere bwimpapuro zidashungura mbere yikigereranyo; M2 - uburemere bwimpapuro zidashungura nyuma yikigereranyo; M3 - uburemere bwimpapuro zidashira mbere yo kugerageza ubusa; M4 - uburemere bwimpapuro zidashira nyuma yo kugerageza ubusa.
4.1.5
(1) ubushyuhe bwamazi meza bugomba kuba 23 and, kandi gupima bigomba kuba byuzuye;
(2) nyuma yo gukurura, kura inkono ikurura hanyuma ukangure neza hamwe n'ikiyiko;
(3) ifumbire igomba gushyirwaho vuba, kandi minisiteri izahindurwa neza kandi ikomeye mugihe ushyiraho;
.
4.2 icyitegererezo
Imibare itatu yicyiciro hamwe nubwiza butandukanye bwikimenyetso kimwe K yatoranijwe nka: 201302028 viscosity 75 000 mPa · s, 20130233 viscosity 150 000 mPa · s, 20130236 viscosity 200 000 mPa · s binyuze mumesa itandukanye kugirango ubone icyiciro kimwe cyibice bibiri bitandukanye ivu (reba Imbonerahamwe 3.1). Igenzura cyane ubuhehere na pH by'icyiciro kimwe cy'icyitegererezo gishoboka, hanyuma ukore ikizamini cyo kubika amazi ukurikije uburyo bwavuzwe haruguru (uburyo bwo kuyungurura impapuro).
4.3 Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi
Ibisubizo by'isesengura ry'ibice bitatu by'icyitegererezo bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 1, ibisubizo by'ibipimo by'ibipimo byo gufata amazi y'imitsi itandukanye bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 1, kandi ibisubizo by'ibizamini byo gufata amazi ku ivu na pH bitandukanye bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2 .
(1) Isesengura ryerekana ibisubizo by'ibice bitatu by'icyitegererezo bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 1
Imbonerahamwe 1 Isesengura ryibisubizo byibyiciro bitatu byintangarugero
umushinga
Batch no.
Ivu%
pH
Viscosity / mPa, s
Amazi /%
Kubika amazi
201302028
4.9
4.2
75, 000,
6
76
0.9
4.3
74, 500,
5.9
76
20130233
4.7
4.0
150, 000,
5.5
79
0.8
4.1
140, 000,
5.4
78
20130236
4.8
4.1
200, 000,
5.1
82
0.9
4.0
195, 000,
5.2
81
.
FIG. 1 Ikizamini cyibisubizo byamazi yo kubika ibyiciro bitatu byintangarugero hamwe nubwiza butandukanye
.
FIG. 2 Ibisubizo byerekana igipimo cyo gufata amazi yibice bitatu byintangarugero birimo ivu bitandukanye na pH
Binyuze mu bisubizo byavuzwe haruguru, ingaruka ziterwa no gufata amazi ahanini zituruka ku kwijimye, ubukonje bwinshi ugereranije n’igipimo kinini cyo gufata amazi kizaba kibi ku rundi ruhande. Imihindagurikire y’ibivu biri mu kigero cya 1% ~ 5% hafi ya byose ntabwo bigira ingaruka ku kigero cyo gufata amazi, bityo ntibizagira ingaruka ku mikorere y’amazi.
5 umwanzuro
Kugirango urwego rusanzwe rushobore gukoreshwa mubyukuri kandi ruhuze nuburyo bugenda bukomera bwo kubungabunga ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije, birasabwa ko:
Inganda zinganda za hydroxypropyl methyl selulose ikorwa mugucunga ivu amanota, nka: urwego 1 rwo kugenzura ivu <0.010, urwego 2 rugenzura ivu <0.050. Muri ubu buryo, producer arashobora guhitamo kureka umukoresha nawe akagira amahitamo menshi. Muri icyo gihe, igiciro gishobora gushyirwaho hashingiwe ku ihame ry’ubuziranenge bwo hejuru n’ibiciro bihanitse kugira ngo hirindwe urujijo ku isoko. Icy'ingenzi ni uko kubungabunga ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije bituma umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa urushaho kuba mwiza kandi uhuza ibidukikije.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-09-2022