Iterambere ryiterambere rya selile ether isoko

Umusaruro nogukoresha hydroxymethyl selulose na methyl selulose nibibikomokaho byatangijwe, kandi isoko ryigihe kizaza ryarahanuwe. Hasesenguwe ibintu byo guhatana nibibazo mu nganda za selile. Hatanzwe ibitekerezo bimwe byiterambere ryinganda za selulose ether mugihugu cyacu.

Amagambo y'ingenzi:selile ether; Isesengura ry'isoko ku isoko; Ubushakashatsi ku isoko

1. Gutondekanya no gukoresha selile ya ether

1.1 Ibyiciro

Cellulose ether ni polymer igizwe na atome ya hydrogène kuri glucose ya anhydrous glucose ya selile isimburwa na alkyl cyangwa amatsinda ya alkyl yasimbuwe. Ku ruhererekane rwa polymerizasiyo ya selile. Buri gice cya anhidrous glucose gifite amatsinda atatu ya hydroxyl ashobora kwitabira reaction iyo asimbuwe rwose. Agaciro ka DS ni 3, kandi urwego rwo gusimbuza ibicuruzwa biboneka mubucuruzi kuva kuri 0.4 kugeza 2.8. Kandi iyo isimbuwe na oxyde ya alkenyl, irashobora gukora itsinda rishya rya hydroxyl rishobora gusimburwa nitsinda rya hydroxyl alkyl, bityo rigakora urunigi. Ubwinshi bwa buri anhydrous glucose olefin oxyde isobanurwa nkumubare usimbuza umubyimba (MS) wikigo. Ibintu byingenzi bya selile yubucuruzi ya ether ahanini biterwa nubwinshi bwimitsi, imiterere yimiti, gukwirakwiza insimburangingo, DS na MS ya selile. Iyi miterere isanzwe ikubiyemo kwikuramo, kwiyegeranya mubisubizo, ibikorwa byubuso, imiterere ya thermoplastique hamwe no guhagarara neza kurwanya biodegradation, kugabanya ubushyuhe na okiside. Ubukonje mu gisubizo buratandukanye ukurikije misa ugereranije.

Ether ya selile ifite ibyiciro bibiri: kimwe ni ubwoko bwa ionic, nka carboxymethyl selulose (CMC) na selile ya polyanionic (PAC); Ubundi bwoko ntabwo ari ionic, nka methyl selulose (MC), Ethyl selulose (EC),hydroxyethyl selulose (HEC), hydroxypropyl methyl selulose (HPMC) nibindi.

1.2 Ikoreshwa

1.2.1 CMC

CMC ni anionic polyelectrolyte ibora mumazi ashyushye kandi akonje. Igicuruzwa gikoreshwa cyane gifite DS ingana na 0,65 ~ 0,85 hamwe nubwiza bwa 10 ~ 4 500 mPa. s. Igurishwa mubyiciro bitatu: isuku ryinshi, hagati ninganda. Ibicuruzwa byera cyane birenga 99.5% byera, mugihe uburinganire buringaniye burenga 96%. Isuku ryinshi CMC ikunze kwitwa selulose gum, irashobora gukoreshwa mubiribwa nka stabilisateur, umubyimba mwinshi hamwe nubushuhe kandi bigakoreshwa mubuvuzi nibicuruzwa byumuntu ku giti cye nkibikoresho byongera umubyimba, emulisiferi hamwe nubushakashatsi bwangiza, umusaruro wamavuta nawo ukoreshwa mubuziranenge bwinshi CMC. Ibicuruzwa biciriritse bikoreshwa cyane cyane mubunini bwimyenda no gukora impapuro, ibindi bikoreshwa birimo ibifatika, ububumbyi, amarangi ya latx hamwe nuduseke twinshi. Urwego rw’inganda CMC rurimo sodium ya chloride irenga 25% na acide sodium oxyacetic aside, mbere yakoreshwaga cyane cyane mu musemburo w’inganda no mu nganda zifite isuku nke. Kubera imikorere myiza nuburyo bugari bwo gukoresha, ariko kandi mugutezimbere guhoraho kwimishinga mishya ikoreshwa, ibyiringiro byisoko ni binini cyane, birashoboka cyane.

1.2.2 Nonionic selulose ether

Yerekeza ku cyiciro cya selile ethers n'ibiyikomokaho bitarimo amatsinda atandukanijwe mubice byubaka. Bafite imikorere myiza kuruta ionic ether yibicuruzwa mubyimbye, emulisifike, gukora firime, kurinda colloid, kugumana ubushuhe, gufatira, kurwanya sensibilité nibindi. Byakoreshejwe cyane mugukoresha peteroli, gutwikira latx, reaction ya polymer polymerisation, ibikoresho byubaka, imiti ya buri munsi, ibiryo, imiti, gukora impapuro, gucapa imyenda no gusiga irangi nizindi nzego zinganda.

Methyl selulose n'ibiyikomokaho. Hydroxypropyl methyl selulose na hydroxyethyl methyl selile ntisanzwe. Byombi bishonga mumazi akonje ariko ntabwo mumazi ashyushye. Iyo igisubizo cyamazi gishyushye kugeza 40 ~ 70 ℃, gel phenomenon igaragara. Ubushyuhe aho gelation ibera biterwa n'ubwoko bwa gel, kwibanda k'umuti, hamwe n'urwego izindi zongeweho. Gel phenomenon irashobora guhinduka.

(1) HPMC na MC. Imikoreshereze ya MCS na HPMCS iratandukanye bitewe n amanota: amanota meza akoreshwa mubiribwa nubuvuzi; Urwego rusanzwe ruboneka mugukuraho amarangi no gusiga irangi, sima ya bond. Gukuramo amavuta no gukuramo amavuta. Muri ether idafite ionic selulose ether, MC na HPMC nibyo bikenewe cyane ku isoko.

Urwego rwubwubatsi n’umuguzi munini wa HPMC / MC, rukoreshwa cyane cyane mu guteramo ibyatsi, gutwikira hejuru, kurupapuro no kongeramo sima. By'umwihariko, muri sima ya sima ivanze na make ya HPMC irashobora gukinisha, kubika amazi, gutinda buhoro hamwe ningaruka zo kuva amaraso. Biragaragara ko uzamura sima ya sima, minisiteri, ifata neza, ubukonje bukonjesha hamwe nubushyuhe bukabije hamwe nimbaraga zogosha. Gutyo rero kunoza imikorere yubwubatsi bwibikoresho byubaka. Kunoza ubwubatsi nubwiza bwubwubatsi bwimashini. Kugeza ubu, HPMC niyo selile yonyine ya selile ikoreshwa mukubaka ibikoresho bifunga kashe.

HPMC irashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho bya farumasi, nkibikoresho byibyimbye, ikwirakwiza, emulisiferi hamwe nubushakashatsi bwa firime. Irashobora gukoreshwa nk'ifiriti ya firime no gufatira ku bisate, bishobora guteza imbere cyane ibiyobyabwenge. Kandi irashobora kongera amazi yo kurwanya ibinini. Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byo guhagarika, gutegura amaso, gutinda no kugenzurwa kwa agent skeleton hamwe na tablet ireremba.

Mu nganda zikora imiti, HPMC numufasha mugutegura PVC muburyo bwo guhagarika. Byakoreshejwe mukurinda colloid, kongera imbaraga zo guhagarika, kunoza imiterere yikwirakwizwa rya PVC; Mu gukora ibifuniko, MC ikoreshwa nkibyimbye, ikwirakwiza na stabilisateur, nkibikoresho byo gukora firime, kubyimba, emulifier na stabilisateur bitwikiriye latex hamwe nudukingirizo twinshi twa resin, kugirango firime ikingire ifite imyambarire myiza, kwambara kimwe no gufatana, no kunoza ubuso bwubuso hamwe na pH itajegajega, kimwe no guhuza ibikoresho byamabara yicyuma.

(2) EC, HEC na CMHEM. EC nikintu cyera, kidafite impumuro nziza, kitagira ibara, ibintu bidafite ubumara bukunze gushonga gusa mumashanyarazi. Ibicuruzwa biboneka mubucuruzi biza mubice bibiri bya DS, 2.2 kugeza 2.3 na 2.4 kugeza 2.6. Ibiri mu itsinda rya ethoxy bigira ingaruka kumiterere ya thermodynamic hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro wa EC. EC ishonga mumubare munini wumuti wumuti hejuru yubushyuhe bwagutse kandi ifite aho ikongeza. EC irashobora gukorwa mubisumizi, bifata, wino, langi, firime nibicuruzwa bya plastiki. Ethyl hydroxyethyl selulose (EHEC) ifite numero yo gusimbuza hydroxymethyl hafi 0.3, kandi imitungo yayo isa na EC. Ariko kandi irashonga mumashanyarazi ya hydrocarubone ahendutse (kerosene idafite impumuro nziza) kandi ikoreshwa cyane cyane mubutaka hamwe na wino.

Hydroxyethyl selulose (HEC) iraboneka mumazi - cyangwa ibicuruzwa bivamo amavuta hamwe nubunini bwagutse cyane. Amazi adafite ionic ashonga mumazi ashyushye nubukonje, afite uburyo bwinshi bwibikorwa byubucuruzi, cyane cyane bikoreshwa mu gusiga irangi rya latx, gukuramo amavuta na polymerisiyasi, ariko birashobora no gukoreshwa nkibifatika, ibifunga, amavuta yo kwisiga hamwe n’imiti yongera imiti.

Carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl selulose (CMHEM) ni hydroxyethyl selulose ikomoka. Ugereranije na CMC, ntabwo byoroshye kubikwa numunyu uremereye wicyuma, cyane cyane mukuvoma amavuta hamwe nogukoresha amazi.

2. Isoko rya selile yisi yose

Kugeza ubu, ubushobozi bwa selile ya ether ya selile ku isi yarenze 900.000 t / a. Isoko rya selulose ether ku isi ryarenze miliyari 3.1 z'amadolari mu 2006. Umugabane w’isoko ry’imigabane ya MC, CMC na HEC hamwe n’ibiyikomokaho byari 32%, 32% na 16%. Agaciro k'isoko MC ni kamwe na CMC.

Nyuma yimyaka yiterambere, isoko rya selile ether mubihugu byateye imbere ryarakuze cyane, kandi isoko ryibihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere riracyari mubyiciro byiterambere, bityo bizabe imbaraga nyamukuru ziterambere ryiyongera rya selile ya ether ku isi mugihe kizaza. . Ubushobozi bwa CMC buriho muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika ni 24.500 t / a, naho ubushobozi bwa ether selile yose ni 74,200 t / a, hamwe na 98.700 t / a. Mu mwaka wa 2006, umusaruro wa ether ya selile muri Amerika wari hafi t 90,600, umusaruro wa CMC wari t 18.100, naho umusaruro wa ether wa selulose wari 72.500 t. Ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga byari toni 48.100, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga toni 37.500, kandi bigaragara ko ibicuruzwa byageze kuri toni 101.200. Imikoreshereze ya selile mu Burayi bw’iburengerazuba yari toni 197.000 mu 2006 kandi biteganijwe ko izakomeza kwiyongera buri mwaka ku kigero cya 1% mu myaka itanu iri imbere. Uburayi n’umuguzi munini wa selulose ether ku isi, bingana na 39% byisi yose, bikurikirwa na Aziya na Amerika ya ruguru. CMC nubwoko butandukanye bwibikoreshwa, bingana na 56% byibyo kurya byose, bikurikirwa na methyl selulose ether na hydroxyethyl selulose ether, bingana na 27% na 12% byuzuye. Ikigereranyo cy’ubwiyongere bwa buri mwaka cya selile ya selile giteganijwe kuguma kuri 4.2% kuva 2006 kugeza 2011. Muri Aziya, Ubuyapani buteganijwe kuguma mu karere keza, mu gihe Ubushinwa buteganijwe gukomeza umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bwa 9%. Amerika y'Amajyaruguru n'Uburayi, bifite ibyo kurya byinshi, biziyongera ku gipimo cya 2,6% na 2,1%.

3. Ibiriho hamwe niterambere ryinganda za CMC

Isoko rya CMC rigabanyijemo ibyiciro bitatu: ibanze, hagati kandi inoze. Isoko ryibanze ryibicuruzwa bya CMC rigenzurwa n’amasosiyete menshi y’Abashinwa, rikurikirwa na CP Kelco, Amtex na Akzo Nobel hamwe n’imigabane y’isoko 15%, 14% na 9%. CP Kelco na Hercules / Aqualon bingana na 28% na 17% byisoko ryiza rya CMC. Muri 2006, 69% yububiko bwa CMC bwakoraga kwisi yose.

3.1 Amerika

Ubu umusaruro wa CMC muri Amerika ni 24.500 t / a. Mu 2006, ubushobozi bwa CMC muri Amerika bwari 18.100 t. Abakora ibicuruzwa nyamukuru ni Hercules / Aqualon Company na Penn Carbose Company, ifite umusaruro wa 20.000 t / a na 4.500 t / a. Mu 2006, Amerika yatumije mu mahanga yari toni 26.800, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga toni 4.200, kandi bigaragara ko ibicuruzwa byari toni 40.700. Biteganijwe ko iziyongera ku kigereranyo cy’umwaka kingana na 1.8 ku ijana mu myaka itanu iri imbere kandi biteganijwe ko ibicuruzwa bizagera kuri toni 45.000 muri 2011.

Isuku ryinshi rya CMC (99.5%) rikoreshwa cyane cyane mubiribwa, imiti n’ibicuruzwa byita ku muntu, kandi imvange y’isuku yo hejuru kandi iringaniye (irenga 96%) ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu mpapuro. Ibicuruzwa byibanze (65% ~ 85%) bikoreshwa cyane cyane munganda zikoreshwa, kandi imigabane yisoko isigaye ni peteroli, imyenda nibindi.

3.2 Uburayi bwiburengerazuba

Mu mwaka wa 2006, Uburayi bw’iburengerazuba bwa CMC bwari bufite ubushobozi bwa 188.000 t / a, umusaruro wa t 154.000 t, igipimo cy’ibikorwa cya 82%, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga 58.000 t n’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga t 4000. Mu Burayi bw’iburengerazuba, aho amarushanwa akaze, ibigo byinshi bifunga inganda zifite ubushobozi butajyanye n'igihe, cyane cyane izikora ibicuruzwa by’ibanze, kandi zikongera umuvuduko w’ibikorwa by’ibindi bice byabo. Nyuma yo kuvugurura, ibicuruzwa byingenzi binonosowe CMC nibicuruzwa byongeweho agaciro byibanze bya CMC. Uburayi bw’iburengerazuba n’isoko rinini ku isi rya selulose ether n’isoko ryinshi ryohereza ibicuruzwa hanze muri CMC hamwe na selile ya ionic selile. Mu myaka yashize, isoko ry’iburayi bw’iburengerazuba ryinjiye mu kibaya, kandi ubwiyongere bw’imikoreshereze ya selile ni buke.

Mu 2006, ikoreshwa rya CMC mu Burayi bw’iburengerazuba ryari toni 102.000, rifite agaciro ka miliyoni 275. Biteganijwe ko izagereranya umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bwa buri mwaka wa 1% mu myaka itanu iri imbere.

3.3 Ubuyapani

Mu 2005, uruganda rukora imiti rwa Shikoku rwahagaritse umusaruro ku ruganda rwa Tokushima none isosiyete itumiza ibicuruzwa bya CMC mu gihugu. Mu myaka 10 ishize, ubushobozi bwa CMC mu Buyapani ahanini ntibwahindutse, kandi igipimo cyimikorere yibyiciro bitandukanye byibicuruzwa n'imirongo itanga umusaruro biratandukanye. Ubushobozi bwibicuruzwa bitunganijwe neza byiyongereye, bingana na 90% yubushobozi bwa CMC.

Nkuko bigaragara ku itangwa n’ibisabwa na CMC mu Buyapani mu myaka yashize, igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa bitunganijwe neza cyiyongera uko umwaka utashye, bingana na 89% by’umusaruro wose wakozwe mu 2006, ibyo bikaba ahanini biterwa n’isoko rikenewe cyane. ibicuruzwa bitanduye. Kugeza ubu, inganda nyamukuru zose zitanga ibicuruzwa byerekana ibintu bitandukanye, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga na CMC yo mu Buyapani bigenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro, bigereranijwe ko bingana na kimwe cya kabiri cy’ibicuruzwa byose, cyane cyane byoherezwa muri Amerika, ku mugabane w’Ubushinwa, Tayiwani, Tayilande na Indoneziya. . Hamwe n’ibisabwa cyane n’urwego rwo kugarura peteroli ku isi, iyi nzira yoherezwa mu mahanga izakomeza kwiyongera mu myaka itanu iri imbere.

4、non-ionic selulose ether inganda imiterere niterambere ryiterambere

Umusaruro wa MC na HEC ugereranije cyane, hamwe nababikora batatu bafite 90% byimigabane yisoko. Umusaruro wa HEC niwo wibanze cyane, hamwe na Hercules na Dow bingana na 65% byisoko, kandi benshi mubakora etherulose ether yibanda kumurongo umwe cyangwa ibiri. Hercules / Aqualon ikora imirongo itatu yibicuruzwa kimwe na HPC na EC. Mu 2006, igipimo cy’imikorere ku isi cya MC na HEC cyari 73% na 89%.

4.1 Amerika

Dow Wolff Celluosies na Hercules / Aqualon, inganda zikomeye zidafite ionic selulose ether muri Amerika, zifite ubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro 78,200 t / a. Umusaruro wa selile nonionic selulose muri Amerika muri 2006 wari t 72.500.

Nonionic selulose ether ikoreshwa muri Amerika muri 2006 yari t 60.500. Muri byo, ikoreshwa rya MC n'ibiyikomokaho byari toni 30.500, naho HEC yari toni 24.900.

4.1.1 MC / HPMC

Muri Amerika, Dow yonyine niyo ikora MC / HPMC ifite umusaruro wa 28,600 t / a. Hariho ibice bibiri, 15,000 t / a na 13,600 t / a. Hamwe n’umusaruro ugera kuri t 20.000 muri 2006, Dow Chemical ifite uruhare runini ku isoko ryubwubatsi, imaze guhuza Dow Wolff Cellulosics mu 2007. Yaguye ubucuruzi bwayo ku isoko ry’ubwubatsi.

Kugeza ubu, isoko rya MC / HPMC muri Amerika ryuzuye. Mu myaka yashize, kuzamuka kw'isoko biratinda. Mu 2003, ibikoreshwa ni t 25.100, naho mu 2006, ibicuruzwa ni 30.500 t, muri byo 60% bikoreshwa mu nganda zubaka, hafi t 16.500.

Inganda nkubwubatsi nibiribwa nubuvuzi nizo ntandaro nyamukuru yo guteza imbere isoko rya MC / HPMC muri Amerika, mugihe icyifuzo cyinganda za polymer kizaba kidahindutse.

4.1.2 HEC na CMHEC

Mu 2006, ikoreshwa rya HEC hamwe n’ibikomoka kuri carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl selulose (CMHEC) muri Amerika byari 24.900 t. Biteganijwe ko imikoreshereze iziyongera ku kigereranyo cya buri mwaka kingana na 1.8% muri 2011.

4.2 Uburayi bwiburengerazuba

Uburayi bw’iburengerazuba buza ku mwanya wa mbere mu bushobozi bwo gukora selulose ether ku isi, kandi ni n'akarere gafite umusaruro wa MC / HPMC cyane. Mu 2006, kugurisha MCS yo mu Burayi bw’iburengerazuba n’ibiyikomokaho (HEMCs na HPMCS) na HEC na EHECs byari miliyoni 419 na miliyoni 166 $. Mu 2004, ubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro utari ionic selulose ether mu Burayi bw’iburengerazuba bwari 160.000 t / a. Muri 2007, ibisohoka byageze kuri 184.000 t / a, naho umusaruro ugera kuri t 159.000. Ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga byari 20.000 t naho ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byari 85.000 t. Ubushobozi bwa MC / HPMC bugera ku 100.000 t / a.

Ikoreshwa rya selile idafite ionic mu Burayi bw’iburengerazuba ryari toni 95.000 mu 2006. Igiteranyo cyagurishijwe kigera kuri miliyoni 600 z'amadolari y’Amerika, naho MC na ibikomokaho, HEC, EHEC na HPC ni 67.000 t, 26.000 t na 2000 t. Amafaranga akoreshwa angana na miliyoni 419 z'amadolari y'Amerika, miliyoni 166 z'amadolari ya Amerika na miliyoni 15 z'amadolari y'Amerika, kandi impuzandengo y'ubwiyongere bw'umwaka izagumaho hafi 2% mu myaka itanu iri imbere. Muri 2011, ikoreshwa rya selile itari ionic selile mu Burayi bw’iburengerazuba rizagera kuri t 105.000.

Isoko ry’imikoreshereze ya MC / HPMC mu Burayi bw’iburengerazuba ryinjiye mu kibaya, bityo ubwiyongere bw’imikoreshereze ya selile ya selile mu Burayi bw’iburengerazuba bugarukira mu myaka yashize. Ikoreshwa rya MC n'ibiyikomokaho mu Burayi bw’iburengerazuba byari t 62.000 muri 2003 na t 67.000 muri 2006, bingana na 34% by’ibicuruzwa byose bya selile. Urwego runini rukoresha ibicuruzwa ninganda zubaka.

4.3 Ubuyapani

Shin-yue Chemical nuyoboye isi yose ikora methyl selulose nibiyikomokaho. Mu 2003 yaguze Clariant wo mu Budage; Muri 2005 yaguye uruganda rwa Naoetsu ruva kuri 20.000 L / a rugera kuri 23.000 t / a. Mu mwaka wa 2006, Shin-Yue yaguye ubushobozi bwa selulose ether ya SE Tulose ikava kuri 26.000 t / aa ikagera kuri 40.000 t / a, none ubu ubushobozi bwumwaka wose mubucuruzi bwa selinose ether ya Shin-Yue kwisi yose ni 63.000 t / a. Muri Werurwe 2007, Shin-etsu yahagaritse umusaruro ukomoka kuri selile mu ruganda rwayo rwa Naoetsu kubera iturika. Umusaruro wongeye gusubukurwa muri Gicurasi 2007. Shin-etsu irateganya kugura MC ibikoresho byubaka muri Dow hamwe nabandi batanga isoko mugihe ibikomoka kuri selile byose biboneka muruganda.

Mu mwaka wa 2006, Ubuyapani umusaruro wose wa selulose ether uretse CMC wari t 19.900. Umusaruro wa MC, HPMC na HEMC wagize 85% by'umusaruro wose. Umusaruro wa MC na HEC wari 1.69 t na 2 100 t. Mu 2006, igiteranyo cya selireose ya nonionic selile mu Buyapani cyari 11.400 t. Ibisohoka MC na HEC ni 8500t na 2000t.

5、isoko rya selile yo murugo imbere

5.1 Ubushobozi bwo gukora

Ubushinwa n’igihugu kinini ku isi gikoresha kandi kigakoresha CMC, gifite inganda zirenga 30 n’ikigereranyo cyo kongera umusaruro ku mwaka urenga 20%. Mu 2007, Ubushinwa bwabyaye umusaruro wa CMC bwari hafi 180.000 t / a naho umusaruro wari 65.000 ~ 70.000 t. CMC ihwanye na 85% by'ibicuruzwa byose, kandi ibicuruzwa byayo bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutwikira, gutunganya ibiryo no kuvoma peteroli. Mu myaka yashize, icyifuzo cyo mu gihugu kubindi bicuruzwa bya selile ether uretse CMC biriyongera. By'umwihariko, uruganda rukora imiti rukeneye ubuziranenge bwa HPMC na MC.

Ubushakashatsi niterambere niterambere ryinganda za nonionic selulose ether yatangiye mumwaka wa 1965.Ishami ryingenzi ryubushakashatsi niterambere ni Wuxi Chemical Research and Design Institute. Mu myaka yashize, ubushakashatsi niterambere rya HPMC mu ruganda rukora imiti rwa Luzhou na Hui 'uruganda rukora imiti byateye imbere byihuse. Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwabigaragaje, mu myaka yashize, icyifuzo cya HPMC mu gihugu cyacu cyiyongereyeho 15% ku mwaka, kandi ibikoresho byinshi byo gukora HPMC mu gihugu cyacu byashinzwe mu myaka ya za 1980 na 1990. Luzhou Chemical Plant Tianpu Fine Chemical yatangiye gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere HPMC mu ntangiriro ya za 1980, ihinduka buhoro buhoro kandi yaguka kuva mubikoresho bito. Mu ntangiriro za 1999, hashyizweho ibikoresho bya HPMC na MC bifite ubushobozi bwo gukora 1400 t / a, kandi ibicuruzwa byageze ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Mu 2002, igihugu cyacu MC / HPMC gifite ingufu zingana na 4500 t / a, umusaruro ntarengwa w’uruganda rumwe ni 1400 t / a, wubatswe ugashyirwa mu bikorwa mu 2001 muri Luzhou North Chemical Industry Co., LTD. Hercules Temple Chemical Co., Ltd ifite Luzhou y'Amajyaruguru muri Luzhou na Suzhou Temple muri Zhangjiagang ibirindiro bibiri, umusaruro wa methyl selulose ether wageze kuri 18 000 t / a. Muri 2005, umusaruro wa MC / HPMC ugera kuri t 8 000, naho uruganda nyamukuru rutanga umusaruro ni Shandong Ruitai Chemical Co., LTD. Mu mwaka wa 2006, umusaruro rusange wa MC / HPMC mu gihugu cyacu wari hafi 61.000 t / a, naho umusaruro wa HEC wari hafi 12.000 t / a. Benshi batangiye gukora mumwaka wa 2006.Hakora inganda zirenga 20 za MC / HPMC. HEMC. Umusaruro wose wa selile nonionic selulose ether muri 2006 wari hafi 30-40.000 t. Umusaruro wimbere mu gihugu wa selulose ether uratatanye, inganda zikora selile zisanzwe zigera kuri 50 cyangwa zirenga.

5.2

Mu 2005, ikoreshwa rya MC / HPMC mu Bushinwa ryari hafi t 9 000 t, cyane cyane mu gukora polymer n’inganda zubaka. Ikoreshwa rya selile nonionic selulose ether muri 2006 ryari t 36.000.

5.2.1 Ibikoresho byo kubaka

Ubusanzwe MC / HPMC yongerwa kuri sima, minisiteri na minisiteri mubihugu byamahanga kugirango bitezimbere ubwubatsi nibikorwa neza. Mu myaka yashize, hamwe niterambere ryisoko ryubwubatsi bwimbere mu gihugu, cyane cyane kwiyongera kwinyubako zo murwego rwo hejuru. Kwiyongera gukenewe kubikoresho byubaka byujuje ubuziranenge byatumye ubwiyongere bwa MC / HPMC bukoreshwa. Kugeza ubu, MC / HPMC yo mu rugo yongewemo cyane cyane ifu ya kile ya tile glue, gypsum yo murwego rwo gusiba urukuta, gypsum caulking putty nibindi bikoresho. Mu 2006, ikoreshwa rya MC / HPMC mu nganda zubaka ryari t 10 000, bingana na 30% by’imikoreshereze y’imbere mu gihugu. Hamwe niterambere ryisoko ryubwubatsi bwimbere mu gihugu, cyane cyane kuzamura urwego rwubwubatsi bwa mashini, ndetse no kunoza ibisabwa byubwubatsi, imikoreshereze ya MC / HPMC murwego rwubwubatsi izakomeza kwiyongera, kandi biteganijwe ko ibicuruzwa bizakoreshwa kugera kuri t 000 zirenga 15 000 muri 2010.

5.2.2 Chloride ya Polyvinyl

Umusaruro wa PVC muburyo bwo guhagarikwa nigice cya kabiri kinini cyo gukoresha MC / HPMC. Iyo uburyo bwo guhagarika bwakoreshejwe mugukora PVC, sisitemu yo gutatanya igira ingaruka itaziguye kumiterere yibicuruzwa bya polymer nibicuruzwa byarangiye. Ongeraho umubare muto wa HPMC irashobora kugenzura neza ingano yikwirakwizwa rya sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza no kunoza ubushyuhe bwumuriro wa resin. Mubisanzwe, amafaranga yiyongereye ni 0.03% -0.05% yumusaruro wa PVC. Mu 2005, umusaruro w’igihugu wa chloride polyvinyl (PVC) wari miliyoni 6.492 t, muri zo uburyo bwo guhagarika bwagize 88%, naho HPMC ikoresha hafi t 2 000. Ukurikije iterambere ry’umusaruro wa PVC mu gihugu, biteganijwe ko umusaruro wa PVC uzagera kuri toni zirenga miliyoni 10 mu mwaka wa 2010. Gahunda yo guhagarika polymerisiyasi iroroshye, yoroshye kugenzura, kandi byoroshye n’umusaruro munini. Igicuruzwa gifite ibiranga imiterere ihuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, ariryo koranabuhanga riyobora umusaruro wa PVC mu bihe biri imbere, bityo umubare wa HPMC mu rwego rwa polymerisation uzakomeza kwiyongera, biteganijwe ko amafaranga agera kuri t 3 000 muri 2010.

5.2.3 Irangi, ibiribwa hamwe na farumasi

Ibifuniko n'ibiribwa / umusaruro wa farumasi nabyo ni ahantu hakoreshwa MC / HPMC. Imikoreshereze yimbere mu gihugu ni 900 t na 800 t. Mubyongeyeho, imiti ya buri munsi, ibifata nibindi nabyo bikoresha urugero runaka rwa MC / HPMC. Mugihe kizaza, ibyifuzo bya MC / HPMC muribi bisabwa bizakomeza kwiyongera.

Ukurikije isesengura ryavuzwe haruguru. Muri 2010, icyifuzo cya MC / HPMC mubushinwa kizagera kuri 30 000 t.

5.3 Kuzana no kohereza hanze

Mu myaka yashize, hamwe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’ubukungu bwacu n’umusemburo wa selulose, inganda zinjira mu mahanga n’inganda zo mu mahanga ziyongera cyane, kandi umuvuduko woherezwa mu mahanga urenze kure umuvuduko w’ibicuruzwa.

Bitewe n’ubwiza buhebuje HPMC na MC bikenerwa n’inganda zikora imiti ntibishobora guhaza isoko ry’isoko, bityo rero ku isoko rikenera ubwiyongere bwa selile nziza ya selile, ikigereranyo cy’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga byinjira hafi ya 36% kuva mu 2000 kugeza 2007. Mbere ya 2003, igihugu cyacu ntabwo ahanini cyohereje ibicuruzwa bya selile. Kuva 2004, kohereza hanze ya selile ya selile yarenze l000 t kunshuro yambere. Kuva 2004 kugeza 2007, impuzandengo yiterambere ryumwaka yari 10%. Muri 2007, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byarenze ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga, muri byo ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ni ionic selulose ether.

6. Isesengura ryamarushanwa yinganda nibyifuzo byiterambere

6.1 Isesengura ryibintu byo guhatanira inganda

6.1.1 Ibikoresho bibisi

Cellulose ether umusaruro wibikoresho byambere byingenzi ni ibiti byimbuto, igiciro cyacyo cyizamuka ryibiciro, byerekana inganda ninganda zikenerwa nimbuto. Isoko rya kabiri rinini rya selile ni lint. Inkomoko yacyo ntigira ingaruka nke mubikorwa byinganda. Igenwa cyane cyane no gusarura ipamba. Umusaruro wa selile ya selile utwara ibiti bike ugereranije nibindi bicuruzwa bivura imiti, nka fibre acetate na fibre viscose. Ku bakora, ibiciro fatizo nibyo bibangamira iterambere.

6.1.2 Ibisabwa

Ikoreshwa rya ether ya selile mu bice byinshi bikoreshwa nko gukaraba, gutwikira, ibicuruzwa byubaka hamwe n’ibikoresho byo gutunganya peteroli bingana na 50% by isoko rya selile yose. Igice gisigaye cyabaguzi cyacitsemo ibice. Cellulose ether ikoresha igice gito cyibikoresho bikoreshwa muri utwo turere. Kubwibyo, ibi bigo byanyuma ntibigamije gukora selile ether ariko kugura isoko. Iterabwoba ryisoko rituruka ahanini kubindi bikoresho bifite imirimo isa na selulose ether.

6.1.3 Umusaruro

Inzitizi yinjira mubyiciro byinganda CMC iri munsi ya HEC na MC, ariko CMC itunganijwe ifite inzitizi yo kwinjira hamwe nubuhanga bukomeye bwo gukora. Inzitizi za tekinike zo kwinjira mu musaruro wa HEC na MCS ziri hejuru, bigatuma abatanga ibicuruzwa bike. Tekinike yo kubyaza umusaruro HEC na MCS ni ibanga ryinshi. Ibisabwa kugenzura inzira biragoye cyane. Abakora ibicuruzwa barashobora gutanga amanota menshi kandi atandukanye yibicuruzwa bya HEC na MC.

6.1.4 Abanywanyi bashya

Umusaruro utanga ibicuruzwa byinshi kandi nibidukikije ni byinshi. shyashya 10,000 t / igihingwa cyatwara miliyoni 90 kugeza kuri miliyoni 130. Muri Amerika, Uburayi bw'Uburengerazuba n'Ubuyapani. Ubucuruzi bwa Cellulose ether mubusanzwe ntabwo ari ubukungu kuruta gushora imari. Ku masoko ariho. Inganda nshya ntabwo zipiganwa. Nyamara mu gihugu cyacu ishoramari ni rito kandi isoko ryimbere mu gihugu rifite ibyiringiro byiza byiterambere. Hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga. Ishoramari mu kubaka ibikoresho riragenda ryiyongera. Rero bigize inzitizi yo hejuru yubukungu kubinjira bashya. Ndetse nababikora bariho bakeneye kwagura umusaruro niba ibintu byemewe.

Ishoramari muri R&D kuri HECs na MCS rigomba kubungabungwa kugirango dutezimbere ibikomokaho bishya nibisabwa bishya. Kubera okiside ya Ethylene na propylene. Inganda zayo zitanga umusaruro zifite ibyago byinshi. Kandi tekinoroji yo kubyaza umusaruro inganda CMC irahari. Kandi ugereranije byoroshye gushora imari iri hasi. Umusaruro wurwego rutunganijwe bisaba ishoramari rinini nubuhanga bugoye.

6.1.5 Uburyo bwo guhatana muri iki gihe mu gihugu cyacu

Ikintu cyo guhatanira guhungabana nacyo kibaho mu nganda za selile. Ugereranije nindi mishinga yimiti. Cellulose ether nishoramari rito. Igihe cyo kubaka ni gito. Byakoreshejwe cyane. Ibihe byifashe ku isoko birashimishije, kubera ko kwaguka mu buryo butemewe n’inganda birakomeye. Inyungu zinganda ziragabanuka. Nubwo igipimo cya CMC kiriho cyemewe. Ariko nkuko ubushobozi bushya bukomeje gusohoka. Amarushanwa yo ku isoko azarushaho gukaza umurego.

Mu myaka yashize. Kubera ubushobozi bukabije murugo. Umusaruro wa CMC 13 wakomeje iterambere ryihuse. Ariko muri uyu mwaka, igabanywa ry’imisoro ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ryaragabanutse, igiciro cy’ifaranga cyatumye inyungu zoherezwa mu mahanga zigabanuka. Noneho rero, shimangira impinduka tekinike. Kuzamura ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa no kohereza ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru nicyo kintu cyambere cyinganda. Igihugu cyacu selulose ether inganda zigereranywa namahanga. Ntabwo ari ubucuruzi buciriritse, nubwo. Ariko kubura iterambere ryinganda, guhindura isoko bigira uruhare runini mubigo biyobora. Ku rugero runaka, byadindije ishoramari mu nganda mu kuzamura ikoranabuhanga.

6.2 Ibyifuzo

(1) Kongera ubushakashatsi bwigenga no guhanga udushya kugirango dutezimbere ubwoko bushya. Ionic selulose ether ihagarariwe na CMC (sodium carboxymethyl selulose). Ifite amateka maremare yiterambere. Muburyo bwo gukomeza gukenera isoko. Nonionic selulose ether ibicuruzwa byagaragaye mumyaka yashize. Kwerekana imbaraga zikomeye zo gukura. Ubwiza bwibicuruzwa bya selulose ether bigenwa ahanini nubuziranenge. Ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Ubuyobozi bw’ibiribwa n’ibiyobyabwenge muri Amerika hamwe n’ibindi bisobanuro bisabwa by’ibicuruzwa bya CMC bigomba kuba hejuru ya 99.5%. Kugeza ubu, umusaruro wigihugu cyacu CMC wagize 1/3 cyibisohoka kwisi. Ariko ibicuruzwa byiza biri hasi, 1: 1 ahanini nibicuruzwa byo hasi, agaciro kongerewe. CMC yohereza ibicuruzwa byinshi kuruta ibyo gutumiza buri mwaka. Ariko agaciro kose ni kamwe. Nonionic selulose ethers nayo ifite umusaruro muke cyane. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kongera umusaruro niterambere rya selile nonionic selile. Noneho. Ibigo by'amahanga biza mu gihugu cyacu guhuza imishinga no kubaka inganda. Igihugu cyacu gikwiye gukoresha amahirwe yiterambere kugirango tuzamure urwego rwumusaruro nubwiza bwibicuruzwa. Mu myaka yashize. Imbere mu gihugu kubindi bicuruzwa bya selile bitari CMC biriyongera. By'umwihariko, uruganda rukora imiti rukeneye HPMC yujuje ubuziranenge na MC iracyakeneye umubare munini w’ibitumizwa mu mahanga. Iterambere n'umusaruro bigomba gutegurwa.

(2) Kunoza urwego rwikoranabuhanga rwibikoresho. Urwego rwibikoresho bya mashini murwego rwo kweza murugo ni ruto. Mugabanye cyane iterambere ryinganda. Umwanda nyamukuru mubicuruzwa ni sodium chloride. Mbere. Tripod centrifuge ikoreshwa cyane mugihugu cyacu. Igikorwa cyo kweza nigikorwa rimwe na rimwe, imbaraga nyinshi zumurimo, gukoresha ingufu nyinshi. Ubwiza bwibicuruzwa nabwo biragoye kunoza. Ishyirahamwe ry’inganda za selulose ether ryatangiye gukemura iki kibazo mu 2003. Ibisubizo bishimishije ubu byagezweho. Ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe byageze kuri 99.5%. Byongeye. Hariho intera iri hagati yimikorere ya automatike yumurongo wose wibyakozwe niy'amahanga. Birasabwa gusuzuma guhuza ibikoresho byamahanga nibikoresho byo murugo. Ihuza ryingenzi rishyigikira ibikoresho bitumizwa mu mahanga. Kunoza automatike yumurongo wibyakozwe. Ugereranije nibicuruzwa bya ionic, non-ionic selulose ether bisaba urwego rwa tekinike. Birihutirwa guca inzitizi za tekiniki zo gutunganya no kubishyira mu bikorwa.

(3) Witondere ibibazo by ibidukikije numutungo. Uyu mwaka ni umwaka wo kuzigama ingufu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya. Ni ngombwa cyane guteza imbere inganda gufata neza ikibazo cyibidukikije. Umwanda uva mu nganda za selulose ether ahanini ni amazi yatoboye amazi, afite umunyu mwinshi hamwe na COD nyinshi. Uburyo bwa biohimiki burahitamo.

Mu gihugu cyacu. Ibikoresho nyamukuru bibyara umusaruro wa selile ether ni ubwoya bw ipamba. Ubwoya bw'ipamba bwari imyanda y'ubuhinzi mbere ya za 1980, kuyikoresha mu gukora ether ya selile ni uguhindura imyanda inganda zubutunzi. Ariko. Hamwe niterambere ryihuse rya fibre fibre nizindi nganda. Impamba ntoya ya mahmal imaze igihe kinini iba ubutunzi bwubutunzi. Ibisabwa byashyizweho kugirango birenze isoko. Ibigo bigomba gushishikarizwa gutumiza ibiti biva mu bihugu by’amahanga nk'Uburusiya, Burezili na Kanada. Mu rwego rwo kugabanya ikibazo cyo kongera ibura ry’ibikoresho fatizo, ubwoya bw'ipamba busimburwa igice.