Gutezimbere udushya twa HEMC selulose ethers kugirango tugabanye agglomeration muri gypsumu ishingiye kumashini yatewe imashini.

Gutezimbere udushya twa HEMC selulose ethers kugirango tugabanye agglomeration muri gypsumu ishingiye kumashini yatewe imashini.

Gypsum ishingiye ku mashini yatewe imashini (GSP) yakoreshejwe cyane mu Burayi bw’iburengerazuba kuva mu myaka ya za 70. Kugaragara kwa mashini yo gutera imashini byateje imbere imikorere yubwubatsi bwa plasta mugihe bigabanya ibiciro byubwubatsi. Hamwe no kurushaho gucuruza GSP, amazi ya elegitoronike ya selile yamashanyarazi yahindutse ikintu cyingenzi. Cellulose ether iha GSP imikorere myiza yo gufata amazi, igabanya insimburangingo ya substrate yo kwinjiza amazi muri plaster, bityo ikabona igihe gihamye hamwe nibikoresho byiza bya mashini. Byongeye kandi, umurongo wihariye wa rheologiya ya selulose ether irashobora kunoza ingaruka zo gutera imashini kandi byoroshe cyane uburyo bwa minisiteri ikurikiraho no kurangiza.

Nubwo ibyiza bigaragara bya selile ya selile muri porogaramu ya GSP, irashobora kandi kugira uruhare mu gushiraho ibibyimba byumye iyo byatewe. Utwo dusimba tutamenyekanye kandi tuzwi nko gufunga cyangwa guteka, kandi birashobora kugira ingaruka mbi kuringaniza no kurangiza kwa minisiteri. Agglomeration irashobora kugabanya imikorere yurubuga no kongera ikiguzi cyibikorwa byinshi bya gypsumu. Kugirango twumve neza ingaruka za selile ya selile mugukora ibibyimba muri GSP, twakoze ubushakashatsi kugirango tugerageze kumenya ibipimo byibicuruzwa bifitanye isano nimiterere yabyo. Dushingiye ku byavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi, twateje imbere urukurikirane rw'ibicuruzwa bya selile ya selile hamwe no kugabanuka kwa agglomerate no kubisuzuma mubikorwa bifatika.

Amagambo y'ingenzi: selile ether; imashini ya gypsum spray plaster; igipimo cyo guseswa; ibice bya morphologie

1. Intangiriro

Amazi ya elegitoronike ya selile yamashanyarazi yakoreshejwe neza muri gypsumu ishingiye kumashini yatewe imashini (GSP) kugirango igabanye amazi, kunoza imikoreshereze y’amazi no kunoza imiterere y’imiterere ya minisiteri. Kubwibyo, ifasha kunoza imikorere ya minisiteri itose, bityo igaha imbaraga zisabwa za minisiteri. Bitewe nubucuruzi bufite akamaro kandi bwangiza ibidukikije, kuvanga GSP byahindutse ibikoresho byubaka imbere muburayi mumyaka 20 ishize.

Imashini zo kuvanga no gutera imiti yumye GSP imaze imyaka myinshi igurishwa neza. Nubwo ibintu bimwe na bimwe bya tekiniki byibikoresho biva mu nganda zitandukanye biratandukanye, imashini zose ziboneka mu bucuruzi zitanga igihe gito cyo guhagarika amazi kugirango amazi avangwe na selile ya ether irimo gypsumu yumye-ivanze. Mubisanzwe, inzira yose yo kuvanga ifata amasegonda make. Nyuma yo kuvanga, minisiteri itose ivanwa mumashanyarazi hanyuma igaterwa kurukuta rwa substrate. Inzira yose irangiye muminota umwe. Ariko, mugihe gito, ether ya selile igomba guseswa burundu kugirango iteze imbere imitungo yabo mubisabwa. Ongeramo ibintu byiza bya selile ya ether kubutaka bwa gypsum butuma iseswa ryuzuye muriki gikorwa cyo gutera.

Ubutaka bwiza bwa selulose ether yubaka ubudahwema guhura namazi mugihe cyo gutera akabariro. Ubwiyongere bwihuta bwubwonko buterwa no gusesa ether ya selile itera ibibazo hamwe no guhurira hamwe kwamazi ya gypsumu cimentitike yibintu. Amazi atangiye kwiyongera, ahinduka amazi make kandi ntashobora kwinjira mumyenge mito iri hagati ya gypsumu. Nyuma yo kugera ku byobo byahagaritswe, uburyo bwo guhanagura ibice bya simaitima byamazi biratinda. Igihe cyo kuvanga muri sprayer cyari kigufi kurenza igihe cyasabwaga cyo guhanagura burundu gypsumu, bigatuma habaho ifu yumye yumye mumashanyarazi mashya. Iyo ayo matsinda amaze gushingwa, abangamira imikorere y abakozi mubikorwa bikurikiraho: kuringaniza minisiteri hamwe nibisambo biragoye cyane kandi bifata igihe kinini. Ndetse na minisiteri imaze gushiraho, ubanza ibibyimba bishobora kugaragara. Kurugero, gutwikira ibice imbere mugihe cyo kubaka bizaganisha ku kugaragara ahantu hijimye mugice cyanyuma, ibyo tudashaka kubona.

Nubwo selile ya selile yakoreshejwe nk'inyongeramusaruro muri GSP imyaka myinshi, ingaruka zayo mukurema ibibyimba bitamenyekanye ntabwo byigeze byigwa cyane kugeza ubu. Iyi ngingo irerekana uburyo butunganijwe bushobora gukoreshwa kugirango wumve intandaro yo guteranya ibintu uhereye kuri selile ether.

2. Impamvu zo gushiraho udusimba tutamenyekanye muri GSP

2.1 Kunyunyuza amashanyarazi

Mubyiciro byambere byo gushyiraho gahunda yubushakashatsi, umubare wimpamvu zishobora gutera intandaro yo kwibumbira muri CSP zarateranijwe. Ibikurikira, binyuze mubisesengura bifashijwe na mudasobwa, ikibazo cyibanze niba hari igisubizo gifatika cya tekiniki. Binyuze muriyi mirimo, igisubizo cyiza cyo gushiraho agglomerates muri GSP cyerekanwe mbere. Urebye haba muburyo bwa tekiniki nubucuruzi, inzira ya tekiniki yo guhindura ibishishwa bya gypsumu hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuvura ntibisanzwe. Duhereye ku bucuruzi, igitekerezo cyo gusimbuza ibikoresho byari bisanzweho ibikoresho byo gutera hamwe nicyumba cyabigenewe cyabugenewe gishobora kwemeza kuvanga amazi na minisiteri bihagije.

Ubundi buryo ni ugukoresha ibikoresho byo guhanagura nkinyongeramusaruro ya gypsumu kandi twabonye patenti yibi. Ariko, kwiyongera kwinyongera byanze bikunze bigira ingaruka mbi kumikorere ya plaster. Icyingenzi cyane, ihindura imiterere yumubiri wa minisiteri, cyane cyane imbaraga nimbaraga. Ntabwo rero twacengeye cyane. Mubyongeyeho, kongeramo imiti itose nayo ifatwa nkaho ishobora kugira ingaruka mbi kubidukikije.

Urebye ko selile ya selile isanzwe igizwe na gypsumu ishingiye kuri plaster, guhitamo selile ya selile ubwayo iba igisubizo cyiza gishobora gutoranywa. Muri icyo gihe, ntigomba kugira ingaruka kumiterere yamazi cyangwa ngo igire ingaruka mbi kumiterere ya rheologiya ya plaque ikoreshwa. Dushingiye ku gitekerezo cyatanzwe mbere kivuga ko kubyara ifu idafite amazi muri GSP biterwa no kwiyongera gukabije kwijimye rya ether ya selile nyuma yo guhura n’amazi mugihe cyo gukurura, kugenzura ibiranga iseswa rya selile ya selile byabaye intego nyamukuru yubushakashatsi bwacu .

2.2 Gusenya igihe cya selile ether

Inzira yoroshye yo kugabanya umuvuduko wo gusesa selile ya selile ni ugukoresha ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwa granular. Ingaruka nyamukuru yo gukoresha ubu buryo muri GSP ni uko ibice bito cyane bidashonga burundu mumadirishya magufi 10 yamasegonda yo gutera muri sprayer, bigatuma habaho gutakaza amazi. Byongeye kandi, kubyimba kwa selulose ether idakemutse mubyiciro bizakurikiraho bizatera umubyimba nyuma yo guhomesha kandi bigira ingaruka kumyubakire, aribyo tudashaka kubona.

Ubundi buryo bwo kugabanya igipimo cyo gusesa ethers ya selile ni uguhinduranya hejuru yubuso bwa selile ya selile na glyoxal. Ariko, kubera ko guhuza ibitekerezo bigenzurwa na pH, igipimo cyo gusenyuka kwa selile ya selile biterwa cyane na pH yumuti wamazi ukikije. Agaciro pH ka sisitemu ya GSP ivanze nindimu yacagaguye ni ndende cyane, kandi guhuza imiyoboro ya glyoxal hejuru irakingurwa vuba nyuma yo guhura namazi, kandi ubwiza butangira kuzamuka ako kanya. Kubwibyo, imiti nkiyi ntishobora kugira uruhare mukugenzura igipimo cyo gusesa muri GSP.

Igihe cyo gusesa ethers ya selile nayo iterwa na morphologie yabo. Nyamara, iki kintu nticyitabweho cyane kugeza ubu, nubwo ingaruka ari ingirakamaro cyane. Bafite igipimo gihoraho cyo gusesa [kg / (m2•s)], kubwibyo guseswa kwabo hamwe no kwiyegeranya byiyongera kubuso buhari. Iki gipimo kirashobora gutandukana cyane nimpinduka zijyanye na morphologie ya selile. Mubibare byacu hafatwa ko viscosity yuzuye (100%) igerwaho nyuma yamasegonda 5 yo kuvanga.

Kubara ibice bitandukanye bya morphologie byerekanaga ko uduce duto twa serefegitire dufite ubwiza bwa 35% byubwiza bwa nyuma mugice cya kabiri cyo kuvanga. Muri icyo gihe kimwe, selile ya selile ya selile irashobora kugera kuri 10% gusa. Ibice bimeze nka disiki byatangiye gushonga nyumaAmasegonda 2.5.

Harimo kandi ibintu byiza biranga solubose ethers muri GSP. Gutinda kwiyemeza kwambere kwiyubaka kumasegonda irenga 4.5. Nyuma yibyo, ibibyimba byiyongereye vuba kugirango bigere kumaso yanyuma mumasegonda 5 uhereye igihe cyo kuvanga. Muri GSP, igihe kinini cyatinze guseswa bituma sisitemu igira ubukonje buke, kandi amazi yongeweho arashobora guhanagura rwose gypsumu hanyuma akinjira mumyobo hagati yuturemangingo nta guhungabana.

3. Igice cya morphologie ya selile ether

3.1 Gupima ibice bya morphologie

Kubera ko imiterere ya selile ether selile igira ingaruka zikomeye kubishobora gukemuka, birakenewe mbere na mbere kumenya ibipimo bisobanura imiterere ya selile ya selile, hanyuma tumenye itandukaniro riri hagati yo kudahumeka Imiterere ya agglomerates nikintu cyingirakamaro cyane. .

Twabonye ibice bya morphologie ya selulose ether hakoreshejwe tekinike yo gusesengura amashusho. Ibice bya morphologie ya selile ya selile irashobora kurangwa byuzuye ukoresheje SYMPATEC isesengura amashusho yerekana amashusho (yakozwe mubudage) nibikoresho byihariye byo gusesengura software. Ibice byingenzi byingenzi bigize imiterere yabonetse wasangaga uburebure buringaniye bwa fibre bwerekanwe nka LEFI (50,3) hamwe nimpuzandengo ya diameter yagaragajwe nka DIFI (50,3). Impuzandengo yuburebure bwa fibre ifatwa nkuburebure bwuzuye bwikwirakwizwa rya selile ether.

Mubisanzwe ingano yubunini bwo gukwirakwiza amakuru nkimpuzandengo ya fibre ya fibre ya DIFI irashobora kubarwa hashingiwe ku mubare wibice (byerekanwa na 0), uburebure (bwerekanwa na 1), agace (byerekanwa na 2) cyangwa ingano (byerekanwa na 3). Ibipimo byose byapimwe muriyi mpapuro bishingiye ku bunini bityo bikerekanwa hamwe na 3. Kurugero, muri DIFI (50,3), 3 bisobanura gukwirakwiza ingano, naho 50 bivuze ko 50% yubunini bwagabanijwe kugabanywa ari ntoya kurenza agaciro kerekanwe, naho ubundi 50% nini kuruta agaciro kerekanwe. Imiterere ya selulose ether ibice bitangwa muri micrometero (µm).

3.2 Cellulose ether nyuma yingirakamaro ya morphologie

Urebye ingaruka zubuso bwibice, igihe cyo gusenyuka kwingirangingo ya selile ya ether selile ifite ishusho isa ninkoni biterwa cyane nimpuzandengo ya diameter ya fibre DIFI (50,3). Hashingiwe kuri iki gitekerezo, imirimo yiterambere kuri selile ya selile yari igamije kubona ibicuruzwa bifite impuzandengo nini ya fibre nini ya DIFI (50,3) kugirango tunonosore ifu.

Nyamara, kwiyongera k'uburebure bwa fibre uburebure bwa DIFI (50,3) ntabwo byitezwe ko bizajyana no kwiyongera k'ubunini bugereranije. Kongera ibipimo byombi hamwe bizavamo ibice binini cyane kuburyo bidashonga burundu mugihe gisanzwe cyamasegonda 10-amasegonda yo gutera imashini.

Kubwibyo, hydroxyethylmethylcellulose (HEMC) igomba kuba ifite impuzandengo nini ya fibre ya fibre ya DIFI (50,3) mugihe ikomeza uburebure bwa fibre LEFI (50,3). Twifashishije uburyo bushya bwo gukora selile ya ether kugirango tubyare umusaruro HEMC. Imiterere yibice byamazi ya elegitoronike ya selile yabonetse binyuze muriki gikorwa cyo kubyaza umusaruro bitandukanye rwose nuburyo bwa selile ikoreshwa nkibikoresho fatizo byo gukora. Muyandi magambo, uburyo bwo gukora butuma imiterere yimiterere ya selile ya ether yigenga kubikoresho byayo bibisi.

Amashusho atatu ya elegitoroniki ya microscope amashusho: imwe muri selile ya selile yakozwe na progaramu isanzwe, hamwe na selile ya selile yakozwe nuburyo bushya hamwe na diameter nini ya DIFI (50,3) kuruta ibicuruzwa bisanzwe bikoreshwa. Herekanwe kandi na morphologie ya selile nziza yubutaka ikoreshwa mugukora ibyo bicuruzwa byombi.

Ugereranije micrografi ya electron ya selile na selulose ether yakozwe nuburyo busanzwe, biroroshye kubona ko byombi bifite imiterere isa na morfologiya. Umubare munini wibice muri ayo mashusho yombi byerekana ubusanzwe birebire, binini cyane, byerekana ko ibintu shingiro byimiterere ya morfologiya bitahindutse na nyuma yimiti imaze kuba. Biragaragara ko ibice bigize morphologie biranga ibicuruzwa byifata bifitanye isano cyane nibikoresho fatizo.

Byagaragaye ko imiterere ya morfologiya iranga selile ya selile yakozwe nuburyo bushya itandukanye cyane, ifite impuzandengo nini ya diametre DIFI (50,3), kandi ikerekana cyane cyane ibice bigufi kandi binini cyane, mugihe ibisanzwe bito kandi birebire. muri selile ibikoresho fatizo Hafi yazimye.

Iyi shusho irongera kwerekana ko ibice bya morphologie ya selile ya selile yakozwe nuburyo bushya bitagifitanye isano na morphologie yibikoresho fatizo bya selile - isano iri hagati ya morphologie yibikoresho fatizo nibicuruzwa byanyuma bitakibaho.

4. Ingaruka za morphologie ya HEMC kumiterere yibintu bitamenyekanye muri GSP

GSP yageragejwe muburyo bwo gusaba kugirango tumenye neza ko hypothesis yacu yuburyo bukora (ko gukoresha ibicuruzwa bya selile ya selile hamwe na diameter nini ya DIFI (50,3) byagabanya agglomeration idashaka) byari ukuri. HEMCs ifite ibipimo bya diametre DIFI (50,3) kuva kuri 37 µm kugeza 52 µm yakoreshejwe murubwo bushakashatsi. Kugirango ugabanye ingaruka ziterwa nibindi bitari morphologie, gypsum plaster base nibindi byongeweho byose ntibyigeze bihinduka. Ubukonje bwa ether ya selile yagumishijwe mugihe cyizamini (60.000mPa.s, igisubizo cyamazi 2%, gipimwa na rheometero HAAKE).

Gypsum sprayer iboneka mubucuruzi (PFT G4) yakoreshejwe mugutera gutera ibigeragezo. Wibande ku gusuzuma imiterere ya gypsum ya minisiteri ikimara gukoreshwa kurukuta. Isuzuma rya clumping kuri iki cyiciro mugihe cyo guhomesha porogaramu bizagaragaza neza itandukaniro mubikorwa byibicuruzwa. Muri icyo kizamini, abakozi b'inararibonye bagaragaje uko ibintu byifashe, aho 1 ari nziza naho 6 ikaba mbi.

Ibisubizo by'ibizamini byerekana neza isano iri hagati ya diameter ya fibre ya DIFI (50,3) n'amanota yo gukora. Dukurikije hypothesis yacu ko selile ether yibicuruzwa bifite DIFI nini (50,3) yarushije ibicuruzwa bito bya DIFI (50,3), impuzandengo ya DIFI (50,3) ya 52 µm yari 2 (nziza), naho abafite DIFI ( 50,3) ya 37µm na 40µm batsinze 5 (gutsindwa).

Nkuko twari tubyiteze, imyitwarire yo guhuzagurika muri porogaramu ya GSP biterwa cyane nimpuzandengo ya diametre DIFI (50,3) ya selulose ether yakoreshejwe. Byongeye kandi, mu kiganiro cyabanjirije iki twavuze ko mu bipimo byose bya morfologiya DIFI (50,3) byagize ingaruka zikomeye ku gihe cyo gusesa ifu ya selile. Ibi biremeza ko selile ya ether yo gusesa, ifitanye isano cyane na morphologie ya selile, amaherezo igira ingaruka kumiterere ya GSP. Kinini DIFI (50,3) itera igihe kirekire cyo kumenagura ifu, igabanya cyane amahirwe yo guhuriza hamwe. Nyamara, igihe kinini cyane cyo kumenagura ifu bizagora ether ya selulose gushonga burundu mugihe gikurura ibikoresho byo gutera.

Igicuruzwa gishya cya HEMC gifite umwirondoro wogusenyuka bitewe nubunini buringaniye bwa diameter ya fibre DIFI (50,3) ntabwo ifite gusa guhanagura neza ifu ya gypsumu (nkuko bigaragara mu isuzuma rya clumping), ariko kandi ntabwo bigira ingaruka kumikorere yo gufata amazi ya ibicuruzwa. Kubika amazi byapimwe ukurikije EN 459-2 ntaho byari bitandukaniye nibicuruzwa bya HEMC byijimye kimwe na DIFI (50,3) kuva 37µm kugeza 52µm. Ibipimo byose nyuma yiminota 5 niminota 60 bigwa murwego rusabwa rwerekanwe mubishushanyo.

Icyakora, hemejwe kandi ko niba DIFI (50,3) ibaye nini cyane, selile ya ether selile itazongera gushonga burundu. Ibi byabonetse mugihe cyo kugerageza DIFI (50,3) yibicuruzwa 59 µM. Ikizamini cyo gufata amazi ibisubizo nyuma yiminota 5 na cyane cyane nyuma yiminota 60 yananiwe kubahiriza byibuze bisabwa.

5. Incamake

Cellulose ethers ninyongera zingirakamaro muburyo bwa GSP. Ubushakashatsi niterambere ryibicuruzwa hano bireba isano iri hagati yimiterere ya morphologie ya selile ya selile no gushiraho ibibyimba bitamenyekanye (ibyo bita clumping) mugihe byatewe mumashini. Ishingiye ku kwibwira ko uburyo bukoreshwa bwerekana ko igihe cyo gusesa ifu ya selulose ether igira ingaruka kumazi ya gypsumu n'amazi bityo bikagira ingaruka kumiterere.

Igihe cyo guseswa giterwa na morphologie ya selulose ether kandi irashobora kuboneka ukoresheje ibikoresho byo gusesengura amashusho. Muri GSP, ethers ya selile ifite diameter nini ya diametre ya DIFI (50,3) yahinduye uburyo bwo kumenagura ifu, bituma umwanya munini wamazi atose neza gypsumu, bityo bigatuma anti-agglomeration nziza. Ubu bwoko bwa selulose ether ikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bushya bwo gukora, kandi ibice byayo ntibiterwa nuburyo bwambere bwibikoresho fatizo byo gukora.

Impuzandengo ya diameter ya fibre DIFI (50,3) igira ingaruka zikomeye cyane mugukata, byagenzuwe hongerwaho iki gicuruzwa kubucuruzi bwaboneka kubucuruzi bwimashini zatewe na gypsum kugirango zite kumiti. Ikigeretse kuri ibyo, ibizamini byo gutera umurima byemeje ibyavuye muri laboratoire: ibicuruzwa byiza bya selulose ether hamwe na DIFI nini (50,3) byashubijwe rwose mumadirishya yigihe cya GSP. Kubwibyo, selile ya ether ya selile ifite ibyiza byo kurwanya cake nyuma yo kunoza imiterere yibice iracyakomeza imikorere yambere yo kubika amazi.