Ibiranga, gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa selulose ether mu nganda

Ubwoko, uburyo bwo gutegura, imiterere nibiranga selile ya selire yasuzumwe, hamwe nogukoresha ether ya selulose muri peteroli, ubwubatsi, gukora impapuro, imyenda, ubuvuzi, ibiryo, ibikoresho bifotora n’inganda za buri munsi. Ubwoko bumwebumwe bushya bwa selulose ether bukomoka hamwe nibyerekezo byiterambere byatangijwe kandi ibyifuzo byabo byateganijwe.

Amagambo y'ingenzi:selile ether; Imikorere; Gusaba; Ibikomoka kuri selile

Cellulose ni ubwoko bwa polymer karemano. Imiterere yimiti ni polysaccharide macromolecule hamwe na anhydrous β-glucose nkimpeta shingiro, hamwe nitsinda rimwe ryibanze rya hydroxyl hamwe nitsinda rya kabiri rya hydroxyl kuri buri mpeta. Muguhindura imiti, urukurikirane rwibikomoka kuri selile birashobora kuboneka, selile ether nimwe murimwe. Ether ya selulose ibonwa nigisubizo cya selile na NaOH, hanyuma igahita ifata hamwe na monomer zitandukanye zikora nka methane chloride, okiside ya Ethylene, okiside ya propylene, nibindi, ukaraba umunyu wibicuruzwa na sodium selulose. Ether ya selile ni inkomoko yingenzi ya selile, irashobora gukoreshwa cyane mubuvuzi nubuzima, imiti ya buri munsi, impapuro, ibiryo, imiti, ubwubatsi, ibikoresho nizindi nganda. Kubwibyo, iterambere no gukoresha selile ya selile bifite akamaro keza mugukoresha byimazeyo umutungo wa biomass ushobora kuvugururwa, guteza imbere ibikoresho bishya nikoranabuhanga rishya.

1. Gutondeka no gutegura selile ya ether

Ibyiciro bya selile ya selile bigabanijwemo ibyiciro bine ukurikije imiterere ya ionic.

1.1 Nonionic selulose ether

Ether idafite ionic selulose ether ahanini ni selile ya alkyl ether, uburyo bwo gutegura nuburyo bwa selile na NaOH reaction, hanyuma hamwe na monomor zitandukanye zikora nka methane chloride, okiside ya Ethylene, propylene oxyde etherification, hanyuma ukamesa ibicuruzwa umunyu na sodium selile kugirango ubone. Ethyl nyamukuru ya methyl, ethyl hydroxyethyl selulose ether, methyl hydroxypropyl selulose ether, hydroxyethyl selulose ether, cyanoethyl selulose ether, hydroxybutyl selulose ether. Porogaramu ni ngari cyane.

1.2 Anionic selulose ether

Anionic selulose ether ni carboxymethyl selulose sodium, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl selulose sodium. Uburyo bwo gutegura nuburyo bwa selile na NaOH, hanyuma etherify hamwe na acide monochloroacetic cyangwa okiside ya Ethylene, okiside ya propylene, hanyuma ukarabe umunyu ukomoka hamwe na sodium selulose kugirango ubone.

1.3 cationic selulose ether

Cationic selulose ether ni 3 - chlorine - 2 - hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride selulose ether. Uburyo bwo gutegura nuburyo bwa selile na NaOH, hanyuma agent ya cationic etherifying agent 3 - chlorine - 2 - hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride cyangwa okiside ya Ethylene, okiside ya propylene hamwe na reaction ya etherifing, hanyuma ukamesa umunyu ukomoka kuri sodium na sodium. selile kubona.

1.4 Zwitterionic selulose ether

Zwitterionic selulose ether ifite amatsinda ya anionic hamwe nitsinda rya cationic kumurongo wa molekile, uburyo bwo gutegura nuburyo bwa selile na NaOH reaction, hanyuma hamwe na acide chloroacetic na cationic etherifying agent 3 - chlorine - 2 hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride etherification, hanyuma ikamesa. n'umunyu-bicuruzwa na sodium selulose kandi wabonetse.

2.imiterere nibiranga selile ya ether

2.1 Ibiranga isura

Ether ya selulose muri rusange ni umweru cyangwa amata yera, ataryoshye, adafite uburozi, hamwe n'amazi ya powder ya fibrous, byoroshye kwinjiza amazi, gushonga mumazi mo colloid itagaragara neza.

2.2 Gukora firime no gufatira hamwe

Etherifike ya selile ya selile igira uruhare runini mumiterere yayo, nko gukomera, ubushobozi bwo gukora firime, imbaraga zubusabane no kwihanganira umunyu. Ether ya selulose ifite imbaraga zubukanishi, guhindagurika, kurwanya ubushyuhe no kurwanya ubukonje, kandi ifite aho ihurira neza na resin zitandukanye hamwe na plasitike, irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora plastiki, firime, langi, ibifunga, latx hamwe nibikoresho byo gutwikira imiti.

2.3 Gukemura

Methyl selulose ishonga mumazi akonje, idashonga mumazi ashyushye, ariko kandi ikanashonga mumashanyarazi amwe; Methyl hydroxyethyl selulose ishonga mumazi akonje, idashonga mumazi ashyushye hamwe na solge organic. Ariko iyo igisubizo cyamazi ya methyl selulose na methyl hydroxyethyl selulose ashyushye, methyl selulose na methyl hydroxyethyl selulose izagwa. Methyl selulose yaguye kuri 45 ~ 60 ℃, mugihe ivanze na etherized methyl hydroxyethyl selulose yaguye kuri 65 ~ 80 ℃. Iyo ubushyuhe bugabanutse, imvura igabanuka.

Sodium hydroxyethyl selulose na carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl selulose irashobora gushonga mumazi mubushyuhe ubwo aribwo bwose, ariko ntigishobora gushonga mumashanyarazi kama (usibye bake).

2.4 Kubyimba

Ether ya selulose ishonga mumazi muburyo bwa colloidal, kandi ububobere bwayo buterwa nurwego rwa polymerisation ya selile. Igisubizo kirimo macromolecules ya hydration. Bitewe no kwangirika kwa macromolecules, imyitwarire yimyitwarire yumuti itandukanye niy'amazi ya Newtonian, ariko yerekana imyitwarire itandukanye nihinduka ryimbaraga zogosha. Bitewe na macromolecular ya selulose ether, ubwiza bwumuti bwiyongera byihuse hamwe no kwiyongera kwinshi kandi bigabanuka vuba hamwe nubushyuhe bwiyongera.

2.5 Gutesha agaciro

Ether ya selile ikoreshwa mugice cyamazi. Igihe cyose amazi azaba ahari, bagiteri zizakura. Gukura kwa bagiteri kuganisha ku gukora bacteri za enzyme. Enzyme ya bagiteri yatumye glucose itagira shinge na rugero ifitanye isano na selulose ether yamenetse kandi uburemere bwa molekile ya polymer bwaragabanutse. Kubwibyo, niba igisubizo cyamazi ya selulose ether igomba kubikwa mugihe kirekire, hagomba kongerwamo imiti igabanya ubukana, kabone niyo hakoreshwa ether ya antibacterial selulose ether.

3.ikoreshwa rya selile ether mu nganda

3.1 Inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli

Sodium carboxymethyl selulose ikoreshwa cyane mugukoresha peteroli. Ikoreshwa mugukora ibyondo kugirango yongere ubwiza no kugabanya gutakaza amazi. Irashobora kurwanya umwanda utandukanye wumunyu no kunoza igipimo cyamavuta.

Sodium carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl selulose na sodium carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl selulose ni ubwoko bwiza bwo gucukura ibyondo no gutegura ibikoresho byuzuye byamazi, umuvuduko mwinshi, kurwanya umunyu, kurwanya calcium, ubushobozi bwiza bwo kwifata, kurwanya ubushyuhe (160 ℃). Birakwiye gutegurwa amazi meza, amazi yinyanja hamwe namazi yuzuye yumunyu wamazi, munsi yuburemere bwa calcium chloride ya calcium irashobora kuvangwa mubucucike butandukanye (103 ~ 1279 / cm3) bwamazi yo gucukura, kandi bigatuma bugira ubukonje runaka hamwe no kuyungurura bike ubushobozi, ububobere bwayo nubushobozi bwo kuyungurura biruta hydroxyethyl selulose, nibyiza byongera amavuta. Sodium carboxymethyl selulose ikoreshwa cyane mugikorwa cyo gukoresha peteroli ikomoka kuri selile, mugucukura amazi, sima ya sima, kumeneka amazi no kunoza umusaruro wamavuta, cyane cyane mugukoresha amazi yo gucukura ni manini, gufata ibyingenzi no kuyungurura no kuyungurura.

Hydroxyethyl selulose ikoreshwa mugikorwa cyo gucukura, kurangiza no gusima nka stabilisateur ibyondo. Kuberako hydroxyethyl selulose na sodium carboxymethyl selulose, guar gum ugereranije ningaruka nziza yo kubyimba, umucanga uhagarikwa, umunyu mwinshi, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwiza, hamwe no kurwanya bike, gutakaza amazi make, kumenagura reberi, ibiranga ibisigazwa bike, byakoreshejwe henshi.

3.2 Inganda zubaka no gutwikira

Kubaka inyubako no guhomesha minisiteri: sodium carboxymethyl selulose irashobora gukoreshwa nkigikoresho cyo kudindiza, kugumana amazi, kubyimba no guhambira, birashobora gukoreshwa nka gypsumu hepfo na sima yo hepfo, plaque ya minisiteri nubutaka, ikwirakwiza amazi, ikabyimba. Nubwoko bwihariye bwo kubumba no guhomeka kuri minisiteri ya beto ihumeka ikozwe muri carboxymethyl selulose, ishobora kunoza imikorere, gufata amazi no guhangana na minisiteri kandi ikarinda kumeneka nu mwobo wurukuta.

Kubaka ibikoresho byo gushushanya hejuru: Cao Mingqian hamwe na methyl selulose ikozwe muburyo bwo kurengera ibidukikije ibikoresho byo gutaka hejuru yubutaka, inzira yabyo iroroshye, isukuye, irashobora gukoreshwa kurukuta rwo murwego rwohejuru, hejuru yamabuye, irashobora no gukoreshwa kumurongo , ibishushanyo mbonera. Huang Jianping ikozwe muri carboxymethyl selulose ni ubwoko bwa ceramic tile kashe, ifite imbaraga zikomeye zo guhuza, ubushobozi bwiza bwo guhindura ibintu, ntabwo itanga imvune kandi igwa, ingaruka nziza zidafite amazi, amabara meza kandi afite amabara, afite ingaruka nziza zo gushushanya.

Gushyira mu mwenda: Methyl selulose na hydroxyethyl selulose irashobora gukoreshwa nka stabilisateur, kubyimbye no kubika amazi kubitwikiriye latex, wongeyeho, birashobora kandi gukoreshwa nka dispersant, viscosifier hamwe na firime ikora firime ya sima yamabara. Ongeramo selile ether hamwe nibisobanuro bikwiye hamwe nubwiza bwirangi rya latex birashobora kunoza imikorere yubwubatsi bwirangi rya latex, gukumira spatter, kunoza ububiko no gutwikira imbaraga. Umwanya munini wabaguzi mumahanga ni latex, kubwibyo, selile ya ether selile akenshi iba ihitamo ryambere rya latex irangi. Kurugero, methyl hydroxyethyl selulose ether yahinduwe irashobora gukomeza umwanya wambere mubyimbye byamabara ya latex kubera ibyiza byayo byuzuye. Kurugero, kubera ko selulose ether ifite imiterere yihariye ya gel hamwe nubushyuhe, kurwanya umunyu, kurwanya ubushyuhe, kandi ifite ibikorwa byubutaka bukwiye, irashobora gukoreshwa nkumukozi wo kubika amazi, umukozi uhagarika, emulifier, umukozi ukora firime, amavuta, binder na rheologiya. .

3.3 Inganda

Impapuro zongewemo impapuro: CMC irashobora gukoreshwa nka fibre ikwirakwiza fibre hamwe niyongera impapuro, irashobora kongerwaho kuri pulp, kubera ko sodium carboxymethyl selulose na pulp hamwe nudupaki duto dufite charge imwe, bishobora kongera uburinganire bwa fibre, bikongerera imbaraga za impapuro. Nkibishimangira byongewe imbere mumpapuro, byongera ubufatanye bwubusabane hagati ya fibre, kandi birashobora kunoza imbaraga zingana, kumeneka kumeneka, kuringaniza impapuro nibindi bipimo bifatika. Sodium carboxymethyl selulose irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nka agent ingana muri pulp. Usibye impamyabumenyi yacyo, irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkumurinzi wa rosin, AKD nizindi miti. Cationic selulose ether irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkimpapuro zifasha kubika impapuro, kuzamura igipimo cyo kugumana fibre nziza nuwuzuza, irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkimpapuro zishimangira impapuro.

Gufata ibifuniko: Byakoreshejwe mugutunganya impapuro zometseho impapuro, birashobora gusimbuza foromaje, igice cya latex, kugirango icapiro ryoroshye byoroshye kwinjira, kuruhande. Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkikwirakwiza pigment, viscosifier na stabilisateur.

Ubunini bwa sisitemu: Sodium carboxymethyl selulose irashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byo gupima impapuro, kuzamura imbaraga zimpapuro, ugereranije no gukoresha ubu inzoga za polyvinyl, ibinyamisogwe byahinduwe nyuma yububasha bwo hejuru bishobora kwiyongera hafi 10%, dosiye iragabanuka hafi 30%. Nibintu bitanga ikizere cyo gupima impapuro, kandi urukurikirane rwubwoko bushya bigomba gutezwa imbere. Cationic selulose ether ifite ubunini buringaniye burenze ubunini bwa krahisi, ntibishobora gusa kunoza imbaraga zimpapuro gusa, ahubwo birashobora no kunoza iyinjira ryimpapuro, kongera ingaruka zo gusiga irangi, nubundi buryo butanga ikizere cyo gupima.

3.4 Inganda

Mu nganda z’imyenda, selulose ether irashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho bingana, igereranya kandi ikabyimba imyenda.

Sizing agent: selulose ether nka sodium carboxymethyl selulose, hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl selulose ether, hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl selulose ether nubundi bwoko burashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho bingana, kandi ntibyoroshye kwangirika no kubumba, gucapa no gusiga irangi, utabishaka, guteza imbere irangi bishobora kubona kimwe. colloid mumazi.

Urwego ruringaniza: rushobora kuzamura hydrophilique na osmotic imbaraga zirangi, kuko ihinduka ryijimye ni rito, byoroshye guhindura ibara; Cationic selulose ether nayo ifite irangi ryamabara.

Umuti wibyimbye: sodium carboxymethyl selulose, hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl selulose ether, hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl selulose ether irashobora gukoreshwa nkigikoresho cyo gucapa no gusiga irangi ryibyimbye, hamwe nibisigara bito, ibimenyetso biranga ibara ryinshi, ni urwego rwinyongera cyane yimyenda.

3.5 Inganda zikora imiti

Viscosifier ihamye: Sodium methylcellulose muri porojeri ikomeye yibikoresho byibikoresho bya paste bigira uruhare runini rwo guhagarika ibintu, mumavuta yo kwisiga yamazi cyangwa emuliyoni yuzuye umubyimba, gutatanya, kubana hamwe nizindi nshingano. Irashobora gukoreshwa nka stabilisateur na viscosifier.

Emulizing stabilisateur: kora amavuta, shampoo emulsifier, umubyimba hamwe na stabilisateur. Sodium carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl selulose irashobora gukoreshwa nka stabilisateur yinyo yinyo yinyo, hamwe nibintu byiza bya thixotropique, kuburyo amenyo yinyo afite imiterere myiza, ihindagurika ryigihe kirekire, uburyohe bumwe kandi bworoshye. Sodium carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl selulose irwanya umunyu, irwanya aside irarenze, ingaruka ni nziza cyane kuruta carboxymethyl selulose, irashobora gukoreshwa nka detergent muri viscosifier, ushinzwe gukumira umwanda.

Kwiyongera kwinshi: Mu musaruro wogukoresha, gukoresha muri rusange sodium carboxymethyl selulose nka detergent detergent detergent umwanda, ikwirakwiza amazi yimyanda kandi ikwirakwiza.

3.6 Inganda zimiti n’ibiribwa

Mu nganda zimiti, hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl selulose irashobora gukoreshwa nkibiyobyabwenge, bikoreshwa cyane mumagambo yo mu kanwa skeleton yagenzuwe no gutegurwa kurekurwa, nkibikoresho byo gusohora bigenga irekurwa ryibiyobyabwenge, nkibikoresho byo gutwika bikomeza kurekura, , Kurekura Kurekura. Ikoreshwa cyane ni methyl carboxymethyl selulose, Ethyl carboxymethyl selulose, nka MC ikunze gukoreshwa mugukora ibinini na capsules, cyangwa ibinini bisize isukari.

Urwego rwiza rwa selulose ether rushobora gukoreshwa muruganda rwibiribwa, mubiribwa bitandukanye nigikoresho cyiza cyane, emulisiferi, stabilisateur, ibintu byiza, ibikoresho bigumana amazi hamwe nubushakashatsi bwa furo. Methyl selulose na hydroxypropyl methyl selulose yamenyekanye nkibintu byangiza metabolike bitangiza. Isuku ryinshi (99.5% cyangwa irenga) carboxymethyl selulose irashobora kongerwa mubiribwa, nkibikomoka ku mata na cream, condiments, jama, jelly, amabati, sirupe yameza n'ibinyobwa. Isuku ya carboxymethyl selulose irenga 90% irashobora gukoreshwa mubintu bijyanye nibiribwa, nko gukoreshwa mu gutwara no kubika imbuto nshya, gupfunyika plastike bigira ingaruka nziza zo kubungabunga, umwanda muke, nta byangiritse, byoroshye kubyiza umusaruro.

3.7 Ibikoresho bikora neza n'amashanyarazi

Kwiyongera kwa electrolyte stabilisateur: kubera isuku ryinshi rya selile ya selile, irwanya aside nziza, irwanya umunyu, cyane cyane ibyuma nibyuma biremereye biri hasi, bityo colloid irahagaze neza, ikwiranye na bateri ya alkaline, bateri ya zinc manganese ya electrolyte ikomeza stabilisateur.

Ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa kirisiti: Kuva mu 1976, ivumburwa rya mbere rya hydroxypropyl selulose - sisitemu y’amazi y’amazi ya kristu ibaza icyiciro, yabonetse mu gisubizo kiboneye, ibikomoka kuri selile nyinshi mu kwibanda cyane birashobora gukora igisubizo cya anisotropique, urugero, hydroxypropyl selulose na acetate, propionate , benzoate, phthalate, acetyxyethyl selulose, hydroxyethyl selulose, nibindi.

Ethers nyinshi ya selile yerekana ibintu bya termotropique byamazi ya kirisiti. Acetyl hydroxypropyl selulose yakoze chromogenic cholesteric fluid kristal munsi ya 164 ℃. Acetoacetate hydroxypropyl selulose, trifluoroacetate hydroxypropyl selulose, hydroxypropyl selulose n'ibiyikomokaho, Ethyl hydroxypropyl selulose, trimethylsiliccellulose na butyldimethylsiliccellulose, heptyl selulose hamwe na butoxylethyl selulose, hydroxyethyl selulose, hydroxyethyl selulose. Intungamubiri zimwe na zimwe nka selulose benzoate, p-mikorerexybenzoate na p-methylbenzoate, selulose heptanate irashobora gukora kristaliste ya cholesteric ya chimique.

Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi: cyanoethyl selulose etherifying agent ya acrylonitrile, ihoraho ya dielectric ihoraho, coefficient de coiffe nkeya, irashobora gukoreshwa nka fosifore n'amatara ya electroluminescent resin matrix hamwe na insuline ya transformateur.

4. Gusoza Ijambo

Gukoresha imiti ihindura kugirango ubone ibikomoka kuri selile bifite imikorere idasanzwe nuburyo bwiza bwo gushakisha imikoreshereze mishya ya selile, ibinyabuzima binini cyane ku isi. Nka kimwe mu bikomoka kuri selile, ether ya selulose nka physiologique itagira ingaruka, idafite umwanda w’amazi adafite umwanda kubera ibikoresho byayo byiza, yakoreshejwe mu nganda nyinshi, kandi izaba ifite ibyiringiro byinshi byiterambere.