Cellulose ether igira ingaruka kumazi

Uburyo bwo kwigana ibidukikije bwakoreshejwe mu kwiga ku ngaruka za ether ya selile zifite impamyabumenyi zitandukanye zo gusimbuza no gusimbuza molar ku kugumana amazi ya minisiteri mu bihe bishyushye. Isesengura ryibisubizo byikizamini ukoresheje ibikoresho by’ibarurishamibare byerekana ko hydroxyethyl methyl selulose ether ifite impamyabumenyi yo gusimbuza hasi hamwe n’icyiciro kinini cyo gusimbuza molar yerekana amazi meza muri minisiteri.

Amagambo y'ingenzi: selulose ether: kubika amazi; minisiteri; uburyo bwo kwigana ibidukikije; ibihe bishyushye

Bitewe nibyiza byayo mugucunga ubuziranenge, korohereza gukoresha no gutwara, no kurengera ibidukikije, minisiteri ivanze yumye irakoreshwa cyane mubwubatsi. Amashanyarazi avanze yumye akoreshwa nyuma yo kongeramo amazi no kuvanga ahazubakwa. Amazi afite ibikorwa bibiri byingenzi: kimwe nukureba niba ubwubatsi bwa minisiteri yubaka, ikindi nukureba niba hydrata yibikoresho bya simaitima kugirango minisiteri ibashe kugera kubintu bisabwa kumubiri no mubukanishi nyuma yo gukomera. Kuva kurangiza kwongeramo amazi kuri minisiteri kugeza kurangiza kubaka kugeza kubona ibintu bihagije byumubiri nubukanishi, amazi yubusa azimuka mubyerekezo bibiri usibye kuyobya sima: kwinjiza ibice fatizo no guhumeka hejuru. Mu bihe bishyushye cyangwa ku zuba ryinshi, ubuhehere bugenda bwiyongera vuba hejuru. Mu bihe bishyushye cyangwa munsi yizuba ryinshi, ni ngombwa ko minisiteri igumana ubushuhe bwihuse hejuru kandi bikagabanya gutakaza amazi kubusa. Urufunguzo rwo gusuzuma amazi ya minisiteri ni ukumenya uburyo bukwiye bwo gupima. Li Wei n'abandi. yize uburyo bwo gupima uburyo bwo gufata amazi ya minisiteri maze asanga ugereranije nuburyo bwo kuyungurura vacuum nuburyo bwo kuyungurura impapuro, uburyo bwo kwigana ibidukikije bushobora kuranga neza kubika amazi ya minisiteri mubushyuhe butandukanye bwibidukikije.

Cellulose ether nigikoresho gikoreshwa cyane mu kubika amazi mu bicuruzwa byumye bivanze. Ethers ikoreshwa cyane muri selile yumye ivanze ni hydroxyethyl methyl selulose ether (HEMC) na hydroxypropyl methyl selulose ether (HPMC). Amatsinda asimburana ni hydroxyethyl, methyl na hydroxypropyl, methyl. Urwego rwo gusimbuza (DS) rwa selulose ether yerekana urwego itsinda rya hydroxyl kuri buri gice cya anhydroglucose cyasimbuwe, naho urwego rwo gusimbuza amara (MS) rwerekana ko niba itsinda risimbuye ririmo itsinda rya hydroxyl, reaction yo gusimbuza ikomeje kora etherification reaction kuva mumatsinda mashya ya hydroxyl. impamyabumenyi. Imiterere yimiti nintera yo gusimbuza selile ya selile nibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kumyuka yubushuhe muri minisiteri na microstructure ya minisiteri. Kwiyongera kwuburemere bwa molekuline ya selulose ether bizongera amazi ya minisiteri, kandi urwego rutandukanye rwo gusimburwa ruzagira ingaruka no kubika amazi ya minisiteri.

Ibintu nyamukuru byubaka byumye bivanze byubatswe harimo ubushyuhe bwibidukikije, ubushuhe bugereranije, umuvuduko wumuyaga nimvura. Ku bijyanye n’ikirere gishyushye, Komite ya ACI (American Concrete Institute) Komite 305 isobanura ko ari ihuriro ry’ibintu nk’ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere bwo hejuru, ubushuhe buke ugereranije n’umuvuduko w’umuyaga, ibyo bikaba byangiza ubwiza cyangwa imikorere ya beto nshya cyangwa ikomye kuri ubu bwoko bwikirere. Impeshyi mugihugu cyanjye akenshi nigihe cyibihe byo kubaka imishinga itandukanye yo kubaka. Kubaka ikirere gishyushye hamwe nubushyuhe bwinshi nubushuhe buke, cyane cyane igice cya minisiteri inyuma yurukuta gishobora guhura nizuba ryizuba, bizagira ingaruka kumvange nshya no gukomera kwa minisiteri ivanze yumye. Ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere nko kugabanya akazi, kubura umwuma no gutakaza imbaraga. Uburyo bwo kwemeza ubuziranenge bwa minisiteri ivanze mu iyubakwa ry’ikirere ryashimishije kandi n’ubushakashatsi bw’abatekinisiye ba minisiteri n’abakozi bo mu bwubatsi.

Muri iyi nyandiko, uburyo bwo kwigana ibidukikije bukoreshwa mugusuzuma amazi ya minisiteri ivanze na hydroxyethyl methyl selulose ether na hydroxypropyl methyl selulose ether hamwe nimpamyabumenyi zitandukanye zo gusimbuza no gusimbuza molar kuri 45℃, hamwe na software y'ibarurishamibare ikoreshwa JMP8.02 isesengura amakuru yikizamini kugirango yige ingaruka za ether zitandukanye za selile ku gufata amazi ya minisiteri mu bihe bishyushye.

1. Ibikoresho bito nuburyo bwo gupima

1.1 Ibikoresho bibisi

Conch P·s. Mu rwego rwo kwirinda ingaruka z’ibindi bice, ikizamini cyakoresheje formulaire ya minisiteri yoroshye, harimo 30% sima, 0.2% ya selile ya selile, na 69.8% umucanga wa quartz, kandi amazi yongeweho ni 19% ya formulaire ya minisiteri. Byombi ni ibipimo rusange.

1.2 Uburyo bwo kwigana ibidukikije

Igikoresho cyo gupima uburyo bwo kwigana ibidukikije bukoresha amatara ya iyode-tungsten, abafana, n’ibyumba by’ibidukikije kugirango bigereranye ubushyuhe bwo hanze, ubushuhe, n’umuvuduko w’umuyaga, nibindi, kugirango hamenyekane itandukaniro ryubwiza bwa minisiteri ivanze vuba mubihe bitandukanye, no kuri gerageza kubika amazi ya minisiteri. Muri ubu bushakashatsi, uburyo bwikizamini mubuvanganzo bwarushijeho kunozwa, kandi mudasobwa ihujwe nuburinganire bwo gufata amajwi no kugerageza byikora, bityo bigabanya amakosa yubushakashatsi.

Ikizamini cyakorewe muri laboratoire isanzwe [ubushyuhe (23)±2)°C, ubushuhe bugereranije (50±3)%] ukoresheje igikoresho fatizo kidashiramo (isahani ya plastike ifite diameter y'imbere ya 88mm) ku bushyuhe bwa irrasi ya 45°C. Uburyo bwikizamini nuburyo bukurikira:

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2. Ibisubizo n'ibiganiro

Kubara ibisubizo by'igipimo cyo gufata amazi R0 ya minisiteri ivanze na ether zitandukanye za selile nyuma yo kurasa kuri 45°C kuminota 30.

Amakuru yikizamini yavuzwe haruguru yasesenguwe hifashishijwe ibicuruzwa JMP8.02 byitsinda ryibarurishamibare rya software SAS Company, kugirango tubone ibisubizo byizewe byizewe. Inzira yo gusesengura niyi ikurikira.

2.1 Isesengura ryo gusubira inyuma kandi birakwiriye

Icyitegererezo gikwiye cyakozwe na kare kare. Kugereranya hagati yagaciro gapimwe nagaciro kavuzwe byerekana isuzuma ryikitegererezo gikwiye, kandi ryerekanwe neza. Imirongo ibiri yacagaguye igereranya "95% intera intera", naho umurongo utambitse utambitse ugereranya impuzandengo yamakuru yose. Umurongo ucagaguye hamwe no guhuza imirongo irambuye itambitse byerekana ko icyitegererezo pseudo-icyiciro gisanzwe.

Indangagaciro zihariye zijyanye nincamake na ANOVA. Mu ncamake ibereye, R.² yageze kuri 97%, kandi P agaciro mubisesengura ritandukanye byari munsi ya 0.05. Ihuriro ryibintu byombi byerekana ko icyitegererezo gikwiye ari ngombwa.

2.2 Isesengura ryibintu bigira ingaruka

Mu rwego rwubu bushakashatsi, hashingiwe ku minota 30 ya irrasiyo, ibintu bikwiye bigira ingaruka zikurikira: ukurikije ibintu bimwe, p agaciro kabonetse kubwoko bwa selile ether na degre yo gusimbuza molar byose biri munsi ya 0.05 , byerekana ko icya kabiri kigira ingaruka zikomeye ku gufata amazi ya minisiteri. Ku bijyanye n’imikoranire, uhereye ku bisubizo byubushakashatsi bwibisubizo bikwiye byo gusesengura ingaruka ziterwa nubwoko bwa selile ether, urugero rwo gusimbuza (Ds) nu rwego rwo gusimbuza amara (MS) ku kugumana amazi ya minisiteri, ubwoko bwa selile ether hamwe nurwego rwo gusimburwa, Imikoranire hagati yurwego rwo gusimburwa nu rwego rwa molar yo gusimbuza igira ingaruka zikomeye ku kugumana amazi ya minisiteri, kuko p-agaciro kombi kari munsi ya 0.05. Imikoranire yibintu yerekana ko imikoranire yibintu bibiri isobanuwe neza. Umusaraba werekana ko byombi bifitanye isano ikomeye, kandi kubangikanya byerekana ko byombi bifitanye isano ridakomeye. Mu gishushanyo mbonera cyerekana, fata akarereα aho ubwoko bwa vertical na dogere yo gusimbuza impande zombi zikorana nkurugero, ibice bibiri byumurongo birahuza, byerekana ko ihuriro riri hagati yubwoko nurwego rwo gusimbuza rikomeye, kandi mukarere b aho ubwoko bwa veritike na dogere yo gusimbuza impande zombi; imikoranire, ibice bibiri byimirongo ikunda kuba ibangikanye, byerekana ko isano iri hagati yubwoko no gusimbuza molar ari ntege.

2.3 Guhanura kubika amazi

Hashingiwe ku cyitegererezo gikwiye, ukurikije ingaruka zuzuye za ethers ya selile zitandukanye ku gufata amazi ya minisiteri, kugumana amazi ya minisiteri byahanuwe na software ya JMP, kandi haboneka ibipimo byo guhuza amazi meza ya minisiteri. Ihanurwa ry'amazi ryerekana guhuza uburyo bwiza bwo gufata amazi ya minisiteri hamwe niterambere ryayo, ni ukuvuga ko HEMC iruta HPMC ugereranije nubwoko, gusimbuza hagati no hasi biruta gusimburwa cyane, naho gusimbuza hagati no hejuru ni byiza kuruta gusimburwa gake; mu gusimbuza umubyimba, ariko Nta tandukaniro rikomeye riri hagati yibi byombi. Muri make, hydroxyethyl methyl selulose ethers ifite impamyabumenyi yo gusimbuza hasi hamwe nimpamyabumenyi ihanitse ya molarike yerekanye amazi meza ya minisiteri kuri 45℃. Muri ubu buryo, agaciro kateganijwe ko gufata amazi yatanzwe na sisitemu ni 0.611736±0.014244.

3. Umwanzuro

. Irerekana ko itandukaniro muburyo bwo gusimbuza rizatuma habaho itandukaniro ryo gufata amazi. Mugihe kimwe, ubwoko bwa selile ether nabwo bukorana nurwego rwo gusimburwa.

. Ibi birerekana ko nkuko urunigi rwuruhande rwitsinda ryitwa selulose ether risimburana rikomeje guhura na etherification hamwe nitsinda rya hydroxyl yubuntu, bizanatuma habaho itandukaniro mugukomeza amazi ya minisiteri.

. Hagati y'urwego rwo gusimbuza n'ubwoko, mugihe habaye urwego rwo hasi rwo gusimburwa, gufata amazi ya HEMC nibyiza kuruta ibya HPMC; mugihe cyo kurwego rwo hejuru rwo gusimbuza, itandukaniro riri hagati ya HEMC na HPMC ntabwo rinini. Kugirango imikoranire iri hagati yurwego rwo gusimbuza no gusimbuza umubyimba, mugihe habaye urwego ruto rwo gusimburwa, kugumana amazi kurwego rwo hasi rwo gusimbuza ni byiza kuruta urwego rwo hejuru rwo gusimbuza; Itandukaniro ntabwo rinini.

. Nyamara, nigute wasobanura ingaruka zubwoko bwa selulose ether, urwego rwo gusimburwa nu rwego rwo gusimbuza amazi kugumana amazi ya minisiteri, ikibazo cyubukanishi muriki gice kiracyakeneye ubushakashatsi bwimbitse.