Cellulose ether mubicuruzwa bishingiye kuri sima

Cellulose ether ni ubwoko bwinyongera nyinshi zishobora gukoreshwa mubicuruzwa bya sima. Uru rupapuro rugaragaza imiterere yimiti ya methyl selulose (MC) na hydroxypropyl methyl selulose (HPMC /) ikunze gukoreshwa mubicuruzwa bya sima, uburyo nihame ryumuti wa net hamwe nibintu nyamukuru biranga igisubizo. Kugabanuka k'ubushyuhe bwa gel hamwe nubushuhe mubicuruzwa bya sima byaganiriweho hashingiwe kuburambe bufatika.

Amagambo y'ingenzi:selile ether; Methyl selile;Hydroxypropyl methyl selulose; Ubushyuhe bwa gel; ububobere

1. Incamake

Ether ya selulose (CE muri make) ikozwe muri selile binyuze muri etherification reaction yumuti umwe cyangwa benshi ba etherifing hamwe no gusya byumye. CE irashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bwa ionic na non-ionic, muribwo bwoko butari ionic CE kubera imiterere yihariye ya gel yumuriro nubushyuhe, kurwanya umunyu, kurwanya ubushyuhe, kandi bifite ibikorwa bikwiye. Irashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho bigumana amazi, umukozi uhagarika, emulisiferi, imashini ikora firime, amavuta, amavuta hamwe na rheologiya. Ahantu h’ibanze bikoreshwa mu mahanga ni latx coating, ibikoresho byo kubaka, gucukura amavuta nibindi. Ugereranije n’ibihugu by’amahanga, umusaruro no gushyira mu bikorwa amazi ashonga CE biracyari mu ntangiriro. Hamwe no kuzamura ubuzima bwabantu no gukangurira ibidukikije. Amazi ashonga amazi CE, atagira ingaruka kuri physiologiya kandi ntabwo yangiza ibidukikije, azagira iterambere ryinshi.

Mu rwego rwibikoresho byubaka ubusanzwe byatoranijwe CE ni methyl selulose (MC) na hydroxypropyl methyl selulose (HPMC), irashobora gukoreshwa nkibara, amapompa, minisiteri na sima ibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki, viscosifier, umukozi wo kubika amazi, umukozi winjiza ikirere hamwe nuwashinzwe kubika ibintu. Ibyinshi mu bikoresho byubaka bikoreshwa mubushyuhe busanzwe, ukoresheje ibihe ni ifu ivanze namazi yumye, bitarimo uruhare rwo gusesa nibiranga gel bishyushye biranga CE, ariko mubikorwa byogukora imashini ya sima nibindi bihe bidasanzwe byubushyuhe, ibyo biranga CE izagira uruhare rwuzuye.

2. Imiterere yimiti ya CE

CE iboneka mu kuvura selile ikoresheje uburyo bwa chimique na physique. Ukurikije imiterere itandukanye yo gusimbuza imiti, mubisanzwe irashobora kugabanywamo: MC, HPMC, hydroxyethyl selulose (HEC), nibindi: Buri CE ifite imiterere shingiro ya selile - glucose idafite umwuma. Muburyo bwo kubyara CE, fibre ya selile yabanje gushyukwa mumuti wa alkaline hanyuma ikavurwa hamwe na etherifying. Ibicuruzwa bya fibrous reaction byahanaguwe kandi bigasunikwa kugirango bibe ifu imwe yuburyo bwiza.

Umusaruro wa MC ukoresha methane chloride gusa nka agent ya etherifying. Usibye gukoresha methane chloride, umusaruro wa HPMC ukoresha na okiside ya propylene kugirango ubone amatsinda asimbura hydroxypropyl. CE zitandukanye zifite ibipimo bitandukanye byo gusimbuza methyl na hydroxypropyl, bigira ingaruka ku guhuza ibinyabuzima hamwe nubushyuhe bwa gel ubushyuhe bwumuti wa CE.

Umubare wamatsinda yo gusimbuza ibice byubaka glucose ya selile ya selile irashobora kugaragazwa nijanisha rya misa cyangwa impuzandengo yitsinda ryabasimbuye (urugero, DS - Impamyabumenyi yo gusimbuza). Umubare wamatsinda asimbuye agena imiterere yibicuruzwa bya CE. Ingaruka z'impuzandengo yo gusimbuza ibisubizo bya etherification nibi bikurikira:

(1) impamyabumenyi yo gusimbuza hasi ikemuka muri lye;

(2) urwego rwo hejuru rwo gusimbuza gushonga mumazi;

(3) urwego rwo hejuru rwo gusimburwa rwashongejwe mumashanyarazi ya polar;

(4) Urwego rwohejuru rwo gusimbuza rwashongejwe mumashanyarazi adafite inkingi.

3. Uburyo bwo gusesa muri CE

CE ifite umutungo udasanzwe wo gukemuka, iyo ubushyuhe buzamutse bugera ku bushyuhe runaka, ntibushobora gukama mu mazi, ariko munsi yubushyuhe, imbaraga zayo ziziyongera hamwe nubushyuhe bwubushyuhe. CE irashonga mumazi akonje (kandi rimwe na rimwe mumashanyarazi yihariye) binyuze muburyo bwo kubyimba no kuvomera. CE ibisubizo ntabwo bifite aho bigarukira kugaragara bigaragara mugusenyuka kwumunyu wa ionic. Ubwinshi bwa CE bugarukira gusa mubwiza bushobora kugenzurwa nibikoresho bitanga umusaruro, kandi biratandukana ukurikije ubwiza nubwoko butandukanye bwimiti isabwa nuyikoresha. Igisubizo cyibisubizo byubukonje buke CE muri rusange ni 10% ~ 15%, naho ubukonje bwinshi CE bugarukira kuri 2% ~ 3%. Ubwoko butandukanye bwa CE (nk'ifu cyangwa ifu yubatswe hejuru cyangwa ifu ya granulaire) birashobora kugira ingaruka kuburyo igisubizo cyateguwe.

3.1 IC nta kuvura hejuru

Nubwo CE ishonga mumazi akonje, igomba gukwirakwizwa mumazi kugirango yirinde kugwa. Rimwe na rimwe, ivanga ryihuta cyangwa feri irashobora gukoreshwa mumazi akonje kugirango ikwirakwize ifu ya CE. Ariko, niba ifu itavuwe yongewemo mumazi akonje utabanje gukurura bihagije, ibibyimba byinshi bizashiraho. Impamvu nyamukuru yo guteka ni uko ifu ya CE ituzuye neza. Iyo igice cyifu gusa kimaze gushonga, hazakorwa firime ya gel, ibuza ifu isigaye gukomeza gushonga. Kubwibyo, mbere yo guseswa, ibice bya CE bigomba gutatanwa byuzuye bishoboka. Uburyo bubiri bukurikira bukoreshwa.

3.1.1 Uburyo bwo kuvanga bwumye

Ubu buryo bukoreshwa cyane mubicuruzwa bya sima. Mbere yo kongeramo amazi, vanga izindi fu nifu ya CE neza, kugirango ifu ya CE itatanye. Ikigereranyo ntarengwa cyo kuvanga: Izindi fu: ifu ya CE = (3 ~ 7): 1.

Muri ubu buryo, ikwirakwizwa rya CE ryarangiye mu cyuma, hifashishijwe izindi fu nk'uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ibice bya CE hamwe na hamwe, kugira ngo hirindwe guhuza ibice bya CE igihe wongeyeho amazi kandi bikagira ingaruka ku gushonga. Kubwibyo, amazi ashyushye ntabwo akenewe kugirango akwirakwizwe, ariko igipimo cyo guseswa biterwa nuduce twa poro nu bihe bitera.

3.1.2 Uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amazi ashyushye

. igisubizo, kimaze kugera ku bushyuhe bwa CE bwo gusesa, ifu yatangiye guhinduka, ubwiza bwiyongera.

(2) Urashobora kandi gushyushya amazi yose, hanyuma ukongeramo CE kugirango ubyuke mugihe ukonje kugeza hydrated irangiye. Gukonjesha bihagije ningirakamaro cyane kugirango hydrated yuzuye ya CE no gushiraho ubwiza. Kubireba neza, igisubizo cya MC kigomba gukonjeshwa kugeza 0 ~ 5 ℃, mugihe HPMC igomba gukonjeshwa kugeza 20 ~ 25 ℃ cyangwa munsi. Kubera ko hydratiya yuzuye isaba gukonjesha bihagije, ibisubizo bya HPMC bikoreshwa cyane aho amazi akonje adashobora gukoreshwa: dukurikije amakuru, HPMC igabanya ubushyuhe buke ugereranije na MC mubushyuhe buke kugirango igere kubwiza bumwe. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amazi ashyushye butuma gusa ibice bya CE bikwirakwira ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru, ariko nta gisubizo kiboneka muri iki gihe. Kugirango ubone igisubizo hamwe nubwiza runaka, bigomba kongera gukonjeshwa.

3.2 Ubuso bwavuwe ifu ya CE itatanye

Kenshi na kenshi, CE isabwa kugira imiterere ikwirakwizwa kandi yihuta (ikora viscosity) mumazi akonje. Ubuso bwavuwe na CE ntibushobora kumara igihe gito mumazi akonje nyuma yo kuvura imiti idasanzwe, byemeza ko mugihe CE yongewe mumazi, ntabwo izahita ikora ububobere bugaragara kandi ishobora gukwirakwira mugihe gito cyogosha. "Gutinda igihe" cyo kuvomera cyangwa kwiyegeranya nigisubizo cyo guhuza urwego rwo kuvura hejuru, ubushyuhe, pH ya sisitemu, hamwe nibisubizo bya CE. Gutinda kwamazi bigabanuka mubisanzwe hejuru, ubushyuhe, nurwego rwa pH. Muri rusange ariko, kwibumbira hamwe kwa CE ntibisuzumwa kugeza bigeze kuri 5% (igipimo rusange cyamazi).

Kubisubizo byiza hamwe na hydratiya yuzuye, ubuso bwavuwe CE bugomba gukangurwa muminota mike mubihe bidafite aho bibogamiye, hamwe na pH kuva kuri 8.5 kugeza 9.0, kugeza igihe ubwiza bwinshi bwagerwaho (mubisanzwe iminota 10-30). PH imaze guhinduka shingiro (pH 8.5 kugeza 9.0), ubuso bwavuwe CE burashonga burundu kandi byihuse, kandi igisubizo kirashobora guhagarara neza kuri pH 3 kugeza 11. Ariko, ni ngombwa kumenya ko guhindura pH yibitekerezo byinshi. bizatera viscosity kuba ndende cyane yo kuvoma no gusuka. PH igomba guhindurwa nyuma yo gusebanya bimaze kugabanywa.

Muri make, inzira yo gusesa muri CE ikubiyemo inzira ebyiri: gutatanya umubiri no gusesa imiti. Icyangombwa ni ugukwirakwiza ibice bya CE hamwe mbere yo guseswa, kugirango wirinde guhurira hamwe bitewe nubukonje bwinshi mugihe cy'ubushyuhe buke, bizagira ingaruka kumeneka.

4. Ibyiza bya CE igisubizo

Ubwoko butandukanye bwa CE ibisubizo byamazi bizahinduka kubushyuhe bwihariye. Gele irahindurwa rwose kandi ikora igisubizo iyo yongeye gukonja. Guhinduranya ubushyuhe bwumuriro wa CE birihariye. Mu bicuruzwa byinshi bya sima, imikoreshereze yingenzi yubukonje bwa CE hamwe nuburyo bwo gufata amazi hamwe no gusiga amavuta, hamwe nubushyuhe bwa viscosity hamwe na gel bifitanye isano itaziguye, munsi yubushyuhe bwa gel, ubushyuhe buke, nubushuhe bwa CE, nibyiza imikorere ijyanye no gufata amazi.

Ibisobanuro biriho kuri gel phenomenon niyi: murwego rwo gusesa, ibi birasa

Ibice bya polymer byurudodo bihuza nigice cyamazi cyamazi, bikavamo kubyimba. Molekile y'amazi ikora nk'amavuta yo gusiga, ashobora gutandukanya iminyururu miremire ya molekile ya polymer, kuburyo igisubizo gifite imiterere y'amazi ya viscous yoroshye kujugunya. Iyo ubushyuhe bwumuti bwiyongereye, polymerose ya selile itakaza buhoro buhoro amazi kandi ubwiza bwumuti buragabanuka. Iyo ingingo ya gel igeze, polymer iba idafite umwuma rwose, bikavamo isano iri hagati ya polymers no gushiraho gel: imbaraga za gel zikomeza kwiyongera nkuko ubushyuhe bukomeza kuba hejuru ya gel.

Mugihe igisubizo gikonje, gel itangira guhinduka kandi ububobere bugabanuka. Hanyuma, ibishishwa byumuti ukonje bigaruka kumurongo wambere wubushyuhe bwiyongera kandi byiyongera hamwe nubushyuhe bwubushyuhe. Igisubizo kirashobora gukonjeshwa kubiciro byacyo byambere. Kubwibyo, ubushyuhe bwa gel yumuriro wa CE burahinduka.

Uruhare runini rwa CE mubicuruzwa bya sima ni nka viscosifier, plasitike hamwe nogukomeza amazi, kuburyo rero bwo kugenzura ubukonje nubushyuhe bwa gel byabaye ikintu cyingenzi mubicuruzwa bya sima mubisanzwe ukoresha ubushyuhe bwambere bwa gel munsi yikigice cyumurongo, uko ubushyuhe buri hasi, niko hejuru yubukonje, niko bigaragara ingaruka zo kubika amazi ya viscosifier. Ibisubizo byikizamini cyumusaruro wibisanduku bya sima byerekana kandi ko ubushyuhe buke bwibintu biri munsi ya CE, niko ingaruka nziza yo gufata no gufata amazi ari byiza. Nka sisitemu ya sima nuburyo bukomeye bwimiterere yumubiri nubumara, hariho ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka kumihindagurikire yubushyuhe bwa CE hamwe nubukonje. Kandi ingaruka zuburyo butandukanye bwa Taianin hamwe nimpamyabumenyi ntabwo arimwe, nuko rero mubikorwa bifatika byanasanze nyuma yo kuvanga sisitemu ya sima, ubushyuhe bwa gel nyabwo bwa CE (ni ukuvuga ko kugabanuka kwingaruka no gufata amazi bigaragara cyane kuri ubu bushyuhe ) ziri munsi yubushyuhe bwa gel bwerekanwa nibicuruzwa, kubwibyo, muguhitamo ibicuruzwa bya CE kugirango uzirikane ibintu bitera ubushyuhe bwa gel. Ibikurikira nimpamvu zingenzi twizera ko zigira ingaruka ku bushyuhe nubushyuhe bwa gel igisubizo cya CE mubicuruzwa bya sima.

4.1 Ingaruka zagaciro ka pH kumaso

MC na HPMC ntabwo ari ionic, bityo ubwiza bwigisubizo burenze ubwiza bwimiterere ya ionic glue ifite intera yagutse ya DH ituje, ariko niba agaciro ka pH karenze urugero rwa 3 ~ 11, bazagenda bagabanya buhoro buhoro kuri a ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa mububiko mugihe kirekire, cyane cyane igisubizo cyinshi. Ubukonje bwibicuruzwa bya CE bigabanuka muri acide ikomeye cyangwa igisubizo gikomeye, biterwa ahanini no kubura umwuma wa CE uterwa na base na aside. Kubwibyo, ubwiza bwa CE mubusanzwe bugabanuka kurwego runaka mubidukikije bya alkaline yibicuruzwa bya sima.

4.2 Ingaruka yubushyuhe no gukurura inzira ya gel

Ubushyuhe bwa gel point buzaterwa ningaruka ziterwa nubushyuhe hamwe nigipimo cyogosha. Umuvuduko mwinshi ukurura no gushyushya byihuse bizamura ubushyuhe bwa gel cyane, bikaba byiza kubicuruzwa bya sima byakozwe no kuvanga imashini.

4.3 Ingaruka zo kwibanda kuri gel ishyushye

Kongera umurego wibisubizo mubisanzwe bigabanya ubushyuhe bwa gel, kandi ingingo ya gel yubukonje buke CE iruta iy'ubukonje bukabije CE. NUBURYO BWA DOW A.

Ubushyuhe bwa gel buzagabanukaho 10 ℃ kuri buri 2% kwiyongera kwibicuruzwa. Kwiyongera kwa 2% kwibicuruzwa byibintu bya F bizagabanya ubushyuhe bwa gel kuri 4 ℃.

4.4 Ingaruka yinyongeramusaruro kumashanyarazi

Mu rwego rwo kubaka ibikoresho, ibikoresho byinshi ni imyunyu ngugu, bizagira ingaruka zikomeye kubushyuhe bwa gel bwumuti wa CE. Ukurikije niba inyongeramusaruro ikora nka coagulant cyangwa solubilizing agent, inyongeramusaruro zimwe zishobora kongera ubushyuhe bwa gel yumuriro wa CE, mugihe izindi zishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bwa gel yumuriro wa CE: urugero, Ethanol yongerera imbaraga, PEG-400 (polyethylene glycol) , anediol, nibindi, birashobora kongera ingingo ya gel. Umunyu, glycerine, sorbitol nibindi bintu bizagabanya ingingo ya gel, non-ionic CE muri rusange ntabwo izagwa kubera ioni yicyuma cya polyvalent, ariko mugihe ingufu za electrolyte cyangwa ibindi bintu byashonze birenze urugero runaka, ibicuruzwa bya CE birashobora gushiramo umunyu muri igisubizo, ibi biterwa no guhatanira electrolytite kumazi, bigatuma igabanuka ryamazi ya CE, Ibigize umunyu wibisubizo byibicuruzwa bya CE muri rusange birenze gato ugereranije nibicuruzwa bya Mc, kandi umunyu uratandukanye gato. muri HPMC zitandukanye.

Ibikoresho byinshi mubicuruzwa bya sima bizatuma gel point ya CE igabanuka, bityo guhitamo inyongeramusaruro bigomba kuzirikana ko ibyo bishobora gutera ingingo ya gel hamwe nubwiza bwa CE ihinduka.

5.Umwanzuro

. Ether itari ionic nka MC na HPMC irashobora gukoreshwa nka viscosifier, umukozi wo gufata amazi, umukozi wohereza ikirere nibindi bikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho byubaka.

. Uburyo nyamukuru bwo gusesa nuburyo bwumye bwo kuvanga uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza, uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amazi ashyushye, nibindi, mubicuruzwa bya sima bikunze gukoreshwa nuburyo bwo kuvanga bwumye. Urufunguzo ni ugukwirakwiza CE neza mbere yuko ishonga, bigatanga igisubizo kubushyuhe buke.

. , kuzana ingaruka mbi. Kubwibyo, ukurikije ibiranga CE, icya mbere, igomba gukoreshwa mubushyuhe buke (munsi yubushyuhe bwa gel), icya kabiri, hagomba kwitabwaho ingaruka zinyongera.