Cellulose ether na puderi ya latex muri minisiteri yubucuruzi

Amateka yiterambere rya minisiteri yubucuruzi mu gihugu no hanze yarondowe muri make, kandi imikorere yifu ya polymer ebyiri yumye, selulose ether nifu ya latex, muri minisiteri yubucuruzi ivanze yumye, harimo kubika amazi, kwinjiza amazi ya capillary, nimbaraga za flexural ya minisiteri. , imbaraga zo guhonyora, modulus ya elastique, hamwe ningaruka zimbaraga zingirakamaro zubushyuhe butandukanye bwibidukikije bikiza.

Amagambo y'ingenzi: minisiteri y'ubucuruzi; amateka y'iterambere; imiterere yumubiri nubukanishi; selile ether; ifu ya latx; Ingaruka

Ubucuruzi bwubucuruzi bugomba guhura niterambere ryintangiriro, gutera imbere no kwiyuzuzamo nkibikorwa byubucuruzi. Umwanditsi yasabye muri "Ubushinwa bwubaka ibikoresho" mu 1995 ko iterambere no kuzamura mu Bushinwa bishobora kuba ari igitekerezo, ariko muri iki gihe, minisiteri y’ubucuruzi izwi n’abantu bo mu nganda nka beto y’ubucuruzi, kandi umusaruro mu Bushinwa watangiye gushingwa . Birumvikana ko iracyari iy'uruhinja. Ubucuruzi bwa minisiteri yubucuruzi igabanyijemo ibyiciro bibiri: mbere-ivanze (yumye) minisiteri na minisiteri yivanze. Imashini yometseho (yumye) izwi kandi nka poro yumye, kuvanga byumye, ifu yumye cyangwa minisiteri yumye. Igizwe nibikoresho bya sima, igiteranyo cyiza, imvange nibindi bikoresho bikomeye. Nibisumizi byarangije gukorwa bikozwe neza kandi bivanze kimwe muruganda, bitavanze amazi. Kuvanga amazi byongeweho mugihe ukurura ahazubakwa mbere yo gukoreshwa. Bitandukanye na minisiteri yabanje kuvangwa (yumye), minisiteri yiteguye kuvanga bivuga minisiteri ivanze rwose muruganda, harimo kuvanga amazi. Iyi minisiteri irashobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye iyo ijyanywe ahazubakwa.

Ubushinwa bwateje imbere ingufu za minisiteri y’ubucuruzi mu mpera za 90. Muri iki gihe, yateye imbere mu nganda zibarirwa mu magana, kandi abayikora bakwirakwizwa cyane cyane i Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou no mu turere tuyikikije. Shanghai ni agace kateje imbere ibicuruzwa mbere. Mu 2000, Shanghai yari yatangaje kandi igashyira mu bikorwa urwego rw’ibanze rwa Shanghai “Amabwiriza ya tekiniki yo gukora no gukoresha Mortar ivanze” na “Amabwiriza ya tekiniki yo gukora no gushyira mu bikorwa Mortar ivanze”. Amatangazo kuri Mortar Yiteguye-Yivanze (Ubucuruzi), asobanura neza ko guhera 2003, imishinga yose yubwubatsi mumihanda izenguruka izakoresha minisiteri ivanze (yubucuruzi), kandi guhera ku ya 1 Mutarama 2004, imishinga yose yubwubatsi muri Shanghai izabikora koresha imyiteguro ivanze (ubucuruzi). ) minisiteri, niyo politiki yambere namabwiriza mugihugu cyanjye guteza imbere ikoreshwa rya minisiteri ivanze (ibicuruzwa). Muri Mutarama 2003, hashyizwe ahagaragara “ingamba zo gucunga ibyemezo bya Mortar bicuruzwa bya Shanghai byiteguye kuvangwa (Ubucuruzi) Mortar”, bishyira mu bikorwa imicungire y’icyemezo no kwemeza ibyemezo bya minisiteri ivanze (ubucuruzi), inasobanura neza umusaruro w’inganda zivanze (ubucuruzi) za minisiteri. igomba kugera kubintu bya tekiniki hamwe na laboratoire yibanze. Muri Nzeri 2004, Shanghai yasohoye “Itangazo ry'amabwiriza menshi yerekeye ikoreshwa rya Mortar ivanze mu mishinga y'ubwubatsi muri Shanghai”. Pekin kandi yatangaje kandi ishyira mu bikorwa “Amabwiriza ya tekiniki yo gukora no gushyira mu bikorwa ibicuruzwa bya Mortar”. Guangzhou na Shenzhen na bo barimo gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa “Amabwiriza ya tekiniki yo gukoresha Mortar yumye ivanze” na “Amabwiriza ya tekiniki yo gushyira mu bikorwa Mortar ivanze”.

Hamwe n’iterambere ryiyongera ry’umusaruro wivanze wa minisiteri no kuyishyira mu bikorwa, mu 2002, Ishyirahamwe ry’imyororokere n’iterambere ry’Ubushinwa ryakoze amahugurwa avanze yumye. Muri Mata 2004, Ishyirahamwe ry’iterambere ry’iterambere ry’iterambere ry’Ubushinwa ryashyizeho komite y’umwuga ivanze na minisiteri yumye. Muri Kamena na Nzeri muri uwo mwaka, i Shanghai na Beijing habaye amahugurwa y’ikoranabuhanga rya minisiteri y’igihugu ndetse n’amahanga. Muri Werurwe 2005, Ishami ry’ibikoresho by’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda mu bwubatsi n’Ubushinwa ryanatanze ikiganiro ku rwego rw’igihugu ku bijyanye n’ubwubatsi buvanze n’ikoranabuhanga rya minisiteri n’inama yo kungurana ibitekerezo mu guteza imbere no gushyira mu bikorwa ikoranabuhanga rishya ndetse n’ibyagezweho. Ishami ryibikoresho byubwubatsi ryumuryango wububatsi wubushinwa rirateganya gukora inama yigihugu yo guhanahana amasomo kuri Mortar yibicuruzwa mu Gushyingo 2005.

Kimwe na beto yubucuruzi, minisiteri yubucuruzi ifite ibiranga umusaruro uhuriweho hamwe nogutanga hamwe, bishobora gutanga uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga nibikoresho bishya, gushyira mubikorwa igenzura ryiza, kunoza uburyo bwubwubatsi, no kwemeza ubwiza bwumushinga. Ubusumbane bwa minisiteri yubucuruzi mubijyanye nubwiza, imikorere, ubukungu no kurengera ibidukikije nkuko byari byitezwe mumyaka mike ishize. Hamwe nubushakashatsi niterambere, kuzamura no gushyira mubikorwa, byagaragaye cyane kandi biramenyekana buhoro buhoro. Umwanditsi yamye yemera ko ubukuru bwa minisiteri yubucuruzi bushobora kuvugwa mumagambo ane: menshi, yihuta, meza, nubukungu; Byihuse bisobanura gutegura ibikoresho byihuse no kubaka byihuse; bitatu byiza nibyiza kubika amazi, gukora neza, no kuramba neza; intara enye nizigama umurimo, kuzigama ibikoresho, kuzigama amafaranga, no kutagira impungenge). Byongeye kandi, ikoreshwa rya minisiteri yubucuruzi irashobora kugera ku myubakire y’umuco, kugabanya ibibanza byegeranye, no kwirinda ivumbi, bityo kugabanya ibidukikije no kurinda isura y’umujyi.

Itandukaniro na beto yubucuruzi ni uko minisiteri yubucuruzi iba igizwe mbere na mbere (yumye), igizwe nibikoresho bikomeye, kandi imvange ikoreshwa muri rusange ni ifu ikomeye. Ifu ishingiye kuri polymer isanzwe yitwa polymer yumye. Bimwe mubintu byashizwe imbere (byumye) bivangwa nubwoko butandatu cyangwa burindwi bwifu ya polymer yumye, nifu ya polymer yumye itandukanye ikora imirimo itandukanye. Iyi ngingo ifata ubwoko bumwe bwa selulose ether nubwoko bumwe bwifu ya latex nkurugero rwo kwerekana uruhare rwifu ya polymer yumye mumabuye yabugenewe (yumye). Mubyukuri, iyi ngaruka ikwiranye na minisiteri yubucuruzi iyo ari yo yose harimo na minisiteri ivanze.

1. Kubika amazi

Ingaruka yo gufata amazi ya minisiteri igaragazwa nigipimo cyo gufata amazi. Igipimo cyo gufata amazi bivuga igipimo cyamazi yagumishijwe na minisiteri ivanze nyuma yimpapuro ziyungurura zinjiza amazi mubirimo. Ubwiyongere bwa selile ya ether irashobora kuzamura cyane igipimo cyo gufata amazi ya minisiteri nshya. Ubwiyongere bw'ifu ya latex burashobora kandi kuzamura cyane igipimo cyo gufata amazi ya minisiteri ivanze vuba, ariko ingaruka ni nke cyane ugereranije na selile ya ether. Iyo selire ya ether na puderi ya latx ivanze hamwe, igipimo cyo gufata amazi ya minisiteri ivanze vuba kiri hejuru ya minisiteri ivanze na selile ya ether cyangwa ifu ya latex yonyine. Igipimo cyo kugumana amazi yo kuvanga ibice ahanini ni superposition yo kuvanga imwe ya polymer imwe.

2. Kwinjiza amazi ya capillary

Uhereye ku isano iri hagati ya coeffisente yo gufata amazi ya minisiteri n'ibiri muri selile ya selile, birashobora kugaragara ko nyuma yo kongeramo ether ya selile, coeffisente yo gufata amazi ya capillary ya minisiteri iba ntoya, hamwe no kwiyongera kwibintu bya selile ya selile, coeffisente yo gufata amazi ya minisiteri yahinduwe igabanuka buhoro buhoro. Ntoya. Uhereye ku isano iri hagati ya coeffisente yo gufata amazi ya minisiteri nubunini bwifu ya latex, urashobora kubona ko nyuma yo kongeramo ifu ya latex, coefficente yamazi ya capillary ya minisiteri nayo iba nto. Muri rusange, coefficente yo gufata amazi ya minisiteri igabanuka buhoro buhoro hamwe no kwiyongera kwifu ya latx.

3. Imbaraga zoroshye

Kwiyongera kwa selile ether bigabanya imbaraga zoroshye za minisiteri. Kwiyongeraho ifu ya latex yongerera imbaraga imbaraga za minisiteri. Ifu ya Latex na selulose ether byiyongereye, kandi imbaraga za flexural ya minisiteri yahinduwe ntabwo ihinduka cyane bitewe ningaruka zingirakamaro zombi.

4. Imbaraga zo guhonyora

Bisa ningaruka ku mbaraga zoroshye za minisiteri, kongeramo selile ya selile bigabanya imbaraga zo kwikuramo za minisiteri, kandi kugabanuka ni byinshi. Ariko iyo ibiri muri selulose ether birenze agaciro runaka, imbaraga zo guhonyora za minisiteri yahinduwe ntizahinduka cyane.

Iyo ifu ya latex ivanze yonyine, imbaraga zo kwikuramo za minisiteri zahinduwe nazo zigaragaza inzira igabanuka hamwe no kwiyongera kwifu ya latex. Ifu ya Latex na selulose ether yiyongereye, hamwe no guhindura ibifu bya latex, kugabanuka kwimbaraga za comptabilite agaciro ni nto.

5. Modulus ya elastique

Kimwe ningaruka za selile ya selile kumbaraga zoroshye za minisiteri, kongeramo ether ya selile bigabanya modulus ya dinamike ya minisiteri, hamwe no kwiyongera kwa selile ya ether, modulike yingirakamaro ya minisiteri igabanuka buhoro buhoro. Iyo ibiri muri selulose ether ari binini, modulus ya dinamike ya minisiteri ihinduka bike hamwe no kwiyongera kwibirimo.

Itandukaniro ryimiterere ya mortar dinamike modulus irimo ifu ya latex isa nuburyo bwo gukomeretsa imbaraga za minisiteri hamwe nifu ya powderx. Iyo ifu ya latex yongeyeho wenyine, modulus ya dinamike ya minisiteri yahinduwe nayo yerekana inzira yo kubanza kugabanuka hanyuma ikiyongera gato, hanyuma igabanuka buhoro buhoro hamwe no kwiyongera kwifu ya latx. Iyo ifu ya latex na selile ether byiyongereye, modulus ya dinamike ya minisiteri ikunda kugabanuka gato hamwe no kwiyongera kwifu yifu ya latex, ariko intera ihinduka ntabwo ari nini.

6. Guhuza imbaraga zingana

Ibihe bitandukanye byo gukiza (umuco wo mu kirere wakize mu kirere gisanzwe cy'iminsi 28; umuco uvanze-wakize mu kirere gisanzwe cy'iminsi 7, ugakurikirwa n'iminsi 21 mu mazi; umuco wavanze n'umuco uvanze n'umuco iminsi 28 hanyuma 25 bikonjesha gushyushya umuco umuco-ikirere muminsi 14 Nyuma yo kubishyira kuri 70;°C kuri 7d), isano iri hagati yingufu zingana za minisiteri nubunini bwa selile ether. Birashobora kugaragara ko kongeramo selile ya selile bifite akamaro mukuzamura imbaraga zingana zingana za sima ya sima; icyakora, urwego rwo kwiyongera kwingufu zingana ziratandukanye mubihe bitandukanye byo gukira. Nyuma yo guhuza ifu ya latx 3%, guhuza imbaraga zingana mubihe bitandukanye byo gukira birashobora kunozwa cyane.

Isano iri hagati ya mortar bond tensile imbaraga hamwe nifu ya latex mubihe bitandukanye byo gukira. Birashobora kugaragara ko kongeramo ifu ya latex bifasha cyane kunoza imbaraga zingana zumubano wa minisiteri, ariko umubare wiyongereye ni munini ugereranije na selile ya ether.

Twabibutsa ko umusanzu wa polymer kumiterere ya minisiteri nyuma yubushyuhe bunini. Nyuma yinzinguzingo 25 zo gukonjesha, ugereranije nubushyuhe busanzwe bwo gukiza ikirere hamwe namazi yo mu kirere bivanze no gukira, guhuza imbaraga zingirakamaro zingero zingana na sima ya sima byagabanutse cyane. Cyane cyane kuri minisiteri isanzwe, guhuza imbaraga zayo imbaraga zaragabanutse kugera kuri 0.25MPa; kuri polymer yumye ifu yahinduwe ya sima, nubwo imbaraga zihuza imbaraga nyuma yikizunguruka-cyanone cyaragabanutse cyane, biracyari kuri 0.5MPa hejuru. Hamwe no kwiyongera kwibintu bya selile ether na puderi ya latex, igipimo cyingufu zingana gutakaza imbaraga za sima ya minisiteri nyuma yikizunguruka cyerekanaga kugabanuka. Ibi birerekana ko ether ya selulose ether hamwe nifu ya latex ishobora kunoza imikorere ya cycle ya firimu ya sima, kandi murwego runaka rwa dosiye, uko urugero rwinshi rwifu ya polymer yumye, niko gukora neza kwa firimu ya sima. Imbaraga zingana zingana na sima ya sima yahinduwe na selulose ether hamwe nifu ya latex nyuma yinzinguzingo ya freze-thaw iruta iy'isima ya sima yahinduwe na imwe mu ifu yumye ya polymer yonyine, hamwe na selulose ether Uruvange ruvanze nifu ya latex rutuma inkomezi zingirakamaro imbaraga zo gutakaza igipimo cya sima ntoya nyuma yo gukonjesha.

Ikigaragara cyane ni uko mugihe cy'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo gukiza, imbaraga zingana za sima ya sima yahinduwe iracyiyongera hamwe no kwiyongera kwa selile ya ether cyangwa ifu ya latx, ariko ugereranije nuburyo bwo gukiza ikirere hamwe nuburyo bwo gukiza bivanze. Nibiri hasi cyane, ndetse biri munsi ugereranije no gukonjesha ibihe. Irerekana ko ikirere kiri hejuru yubushyuhe aribwo buryo bubi bwo guhuza ibikorwa. Iyo ivanze na 0-0.7% selile ya ether yonyine, imbaraga zingana za minisiteri munsi yubushyuhe bwo hejuru ntizirenza 0.5MPa. Iyo ifu ya latex ivanze yonyine, imbaraga zingirakamaro zingirakamaro za sima yahinduwe ya sima irenze 0.5 MPa mugihe amafaranga ari menshi (nka 8%). Nyamara, iyo selile ether na ifu ya latex byiyongereye kandi ingano yabyo ikaba nto, guhuza imbaraga zingana na sima ya sima mugihe cyo gukiza ubushyuhe burenze 0.5 MPa. Birashobora kugaragara ko ether ya selile na porojeri ya latx irashobora kandi kunoza imbaraga zingirakamaro za minisiteri mugihe cyubushyuhe bwo hejuru, kuburyo minima ya sima ifite ubushyuhe bwiza hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru, kandi ingaruka zikaba zikomeye mugihe zombi zishyizwe hamwe.

7. Umwanzuro

Ubwubatsi bw'Ubushinwa buri hejuru, kandi kubaka amazu biriyongera uko umwaka utashye, bigera kuri miliyari 2² uyu mwaka, cyane cyane inyubako rusange, inganda nubwubatsi bwo guturamo, ninyubako zo guturamo zifite igice kinini. Byongeye kandi, hari umubare munini wamazu ashaje agomba gusanwa. Ibitekerezo bishya, ibikoresho bishya, ikoranabuhanga rishya, hamwe nibipimo bishya birakenewe kubwubatsi bushya no gusana amazu. Dukurikije “Gahunda y’imyaka icumi y’imyaka itanu yo kubaka ingufu zo kubungabunga ingufu za Minisiteri y’ubwubatsi” yatangajwe na Minisiteri y’ubwubatsi ku ya 20 Kamena 2002, kubaka imirimo yo kubungabunga ingufu mu gihe cy '“Gahunda y’imyaka icumi” igomba gukomeza gutsimbarara kubaka ingufu no kuzamura ibidukikije byubushyuhe no kuvugurura urukuta. Hashingiwe ku ihame ryo guhuriza hamwe, igishushanyo mbonera cyo kuzigama ingufu za 50% kigomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa byuzuye mu nyubako nshya zubatswe zubatswe mu mijyi yo mu turere dukonje cyane n’ubukonje mu majyaruguru. Ibi byose bisaba ibikoresho bifasha bijyanye. Umubare munini muribo ni minisiteri, harimo minisiteri yububoshyi, minisiteri yo gusana, minisiteri idafite amazi, minisiteri yubushyuhe bwumuriro, minisiteri yuzuye, minisiteri yubutaka, amatafari yamatafari, ibikoresho bya interineti bifatika, amabuye ya minisiteri, minisiteri idasanzwe ya sisitemu yo gukingira inkuta zo hanze, nibindi. kwemeza ubuziranenge bwubuhanga no kubahiriza ibisabwa, minisiteri yubucuruzi igomba gutezwa imbere cyane. Ifu yumye ya polymer ifite imikorere itandukanye, kandi ubwoko na dosiye bigomba gutoranywa ukurikije porogaramu. Hagomba kwitonderwa impinduka nini mubushyuhe bwibidukikije, cyane cyane ingaruka kumikorere ya minisiteri mugihe ikirere kiri hejuru.