Eteri ya krahisi ihujwe nubwoko butandukanye bwa sima?

A. Intangiriro

1.1 Amavu n'amavuko

Isima nikintu cyibanze cyibikoresho byubwubatsi, bitanga ibintu bifatika bikenewe kugirango habeho beto na minisiteri. Amashanyarazi ya etarike akomoka kumasoko ya krahisi arimo kwitabwaho nkinyongeramusaruro ihindura imiterere yibikoresho bishingiye kuri sima. Gusobanukirwa guhuza ibinyamisogwe bya ether hamwe nubwoko butandukanye bwa sima nibyingenzi kugirango tunoze imikorere yabo kandi urebe neza ko inyubako ziramba.

1.2 Intego

Intego y'iri suzuma ni:

Shakisha ubwoko nimiterere ya krahisi ethers ikoreshwa mubikorwa byubwubatsi.

Gutohoza uburyo bwimikoranire hagati ya krahisi nubwoko butandukanye bwa sima.

Suzuma ingaruka za krahisi ethers kumiterere yibikoresho bishingiye kuri sima.

Ibibazo hamwe nibisubizo bishoboka bijyanye no guhuza ibinyamisogwe bya ether hamwe nubwoko butandukanye bwa sima biraganirwaho.

B. Ubwoko bwa Ethers

Ethers ya krahisi irimo ibice bitandukanye biva muri krahisi, polysaccharide nyinshi muri kamere. Ubwoko busanzwe bwa krahisi ethers harimo:

2.1 Hydroxyethyl ibinyamisogwe ether (HEC)

HEC ikoreshwa cyane mukubungabunga amazi no kubyimbye, bigatuma ibera kunoza imikorere yimvange ya sima.

2.2 Hydroxypropyl krahisi ether (HPC)

HPC yongereye imbaraga zo kurwanya amazi, itezimbere kuramba no gufatira ibikoresho bishingiye kuri sima.

2.3 Carboxymethyl krahisi ether (CMS)

CMS itanga imiterere yimiterere yimvange ya sima, bigira ingaruka kumigendere no gushiraho ibiranga.

C. Ubwoko bwa sima

Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa sima, buri kimwe gifite imitungo yihariye ikwiranye na progaramu zitandukanye. Ubwoko busanzwe burimo:

3.1 Isima isanzwe ya Portland (OPC)

OPC nubwoko bukoreshwa cyane bwa sima kandi buzwiho guhuza byinshi mubikorwa byubwubatsi.

3.2 Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC)

PPC irimo ibikoresho bya pozzolanic byongera igihe kirekire kandi bigabanya ingaruka kubidukikije.

3.3 Sima irwanya sima (SRC)

SRC yashizweho kugirango ihangane n'ibidukikije bikungahaye kuri sulfate, bityo byongere imbaraga zo kurwanya ibitero bya shimi.

D. Uburyo bwimikoranire

Ubwuzuzanye hagati ya krahisi ethers hamwe nubwoko butandukanye bwa sima bugenzurwa nuburyo bwinshi, harimo:

4.1 Kwiyongera hejuru yubutaka bwa sima

Ibinyamisogwe ethers adsorb kubice bya sima, bigira ingaruka kumiterere yabyo no guhindura imiterere ya rheologiya ya sima.

4.2 Ingaruka kumazi

Ethers ya krahisi irashobora kugira ingaruka kubikorwa byamazi bigira ingaruka kumazi aboneka, bikavamo impinduka mugihe cyagenwe niterambere ryiterambere ryibikoresho bya sima.

E. Ingaruka ku bikoresho bishingiye kuri sima

Kwinjiza ethers ya krahisi mubikoresho bishingiye kuri sima birashobora gutanga ingaruka zingenzi:

5.1 Kunoza imikorere

Amashanyarazi ya krahisi atezimbere imikorere yimvange ya sima mukongera gufata amazi no kugabanya amacakubiri.

5.2 Kongera igihe kirekire

Ethers zimwe na zimwe zitezimbere kuramba mukongera imbaraga zo kurwanya guturika, gukuramo no gutera imiti.

5.3 Guhindura imvugo

Imiterere ya rheologiya ya sima irashobora guhindurwa hifashishijwe ubushishozi bwo gukoresha etarike ya krahisi, bityo bikagira ingaruka kumitsi no mumitungo.

F. Ibibazo n'ibisubizo

Nubwo inyungu nyinshi zo gukoresha ibinyamisogwe, imbogamizi ziracyari mukugera ku guhuza neza nubwoko butandukanye bwa sima. Izi mbogamizi zirimo:

6.1 Gutinda gushiraho igihe

Ether zimwe na zimwe zirashobora kwongerera igihe cyo gushiraho sima, bisaba guhinduka neza kugirango bikomeze gutera imbere.

6.2 Ingaruka ku mbaraga zo kwikuramo

Kuringaniza imvugo isabwa kugirango ihindurwe hamwe n'ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'imbaraga zo guhonyora ni ikibazo gisaba kwipimisha neza no gukora neza.

6.3 Ibitekerezo

Igiciro-cyiza cya inc perforasiyo ya krahisi ethers igomba gusuzumwa neza, urebye ibyiza rusange nibibi bishobora kubaho.

G. Umwanzuro

Muri make, ibinyamisogwe bigira uruhare runini muguhindura imiterere yibikoresho bishingiye kuri sima. Ubwuzuzanye bwa krahisi ya ether hamwe nubwoko butandukanye bwa sima ni ibintu byinshi birimo gusobanukirwa imikoranire kurwego rwa molekile, ingaruka zayo kuri hydrata ningaruka zabyo kumikorere yibikoresho byubaka. Nubwo hari ibibazo, gutegura neza no kugerageza birashobora gufasha kumenya ubushobozi bwuzuye bwa ether ya krahisi, bifasha guteza imbere ibikoresho biramba kandi bifatika bishingiye kuri sima mubikorwa byubwubatsi. Ubushakashatsi bw'ejo hazaza bugomba kwibanda ku gukemura ibibazo byihariye no kwagura ibikorwa bya krahisi muri sisitemu ya sima.