Uburyo bwisesengura kumiterere ya fiziki ya chimique ya selile ether

Inkomoko, imiterere, imiterere nibisabwa bya selile ether yatangijwe. Urebye ibipimo ngenderwaho bya fiziki ya chimique ya selile yinganda za selile, hashyizweho uburyo bunonosoye cyangwa bunoze, kandi bushoboka bwasesenguwe hakoreshejwe ubushakashatsi.

Amagambo y'ingenzi:selile ether; Imiterere yumubiri nubumara; Uburyo bwo gusesengura; Ubushakashatsi

Cellulose nikintu kinini cyimyororokere ya polymer kwisi. Urukurikirane rwibikomokaho rushobora kuboneka muguhindura imiti ya selile. Cellulose ether nigicuruzwa cya selile nyuma ya alkalisation, etherification, gukaraba, kweza, gusya, gukama nizindi ntambwe. Ibikoresho by'ibanze bya selile ya selile ni ipamba, kapok, imigano, ibiti, nibindi, muri byo harimo selile iri mu ipamba ni yo hejuru, kugeza kuri 90 ~ 95%, ni ibikoresho byiza bibyara umusaruro wa selile, kandi Ubushinwa ni igihugu kinini cy’umusaruro w’ipamba, nacyo giteza imbere iterambere ry’inganda zo mu bwoko bwa selulose ether mu Bushinwa ku rugero runaka. Kugeza ubu, umusaruro, gutunganya no gukoresha fibre ether irayobora isi.

Cellulose ether mubiribwa, ubuvuzi, kwisiga, ibikoresho byubaka, impapuro, nizindi nganda bifite uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha. Ifite ibiranga solubilité, viscosity, stabilite, non-toxicity and biocompatibilité. Ikizamini cya selile ya selile ya JCT 2190-2013, harimo selile ya ether igaragara neza, igipimo cyo kugabanya ibiro byumye, ivu rya sulfate, viscosity, agaciro ka pH, kwanduza nibindi bipimo byumubiri nubumara. Nyamara, iyo selile ya selile ikoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye, usibye gusesengura kumubiri na chimique, ingaruka zo gukoresha selile ya selile muri iyi sisitemu irashobora kugeragezwa. Kurugero, kubika amazi mubikorwa byubwubatsi, kubaka minisiteri, nibindi.; Inganda zifata inganda, kugenda, nibindi.; Inganda zikora imiti ya buri munsi, gufatira hamwe, nibindi. Imiterere yumubiri na chimique ya selile ether igena aho ikoreshwa. Isesengura ryumubiri na chimique ya selulose ether ningirakamaro mubikorwa, gutunganya cyangwa gukoresha. Hashingiwe kuri JCT 2190-2013, iyi mpapuro irasaba uburyo butatu bwo gutunganya cyangwa kunoza gahunda zo gusesengura imitungo ya fiziki ya chimique ya selulose ether, ikanagenzura niba bishoboka binyuze mubushakashatsi.

1. Igipimo cyumye cyo kugabanya ibiro

Igipimo cyo kugabanya ibiro nigipimo cyibanze cya selile ya ether, nanone bita ibirimo ubuhehere, bijyanye nibigize neza, ubuzima bwubuzima nibindi. Uburyo busanzwe bwo gupima nuburyo bwo gupima ifuru: Ingero zigera kuri 5g zapimwe hanyuma zishyirwa mu icupa ripima ubujyakuzimu butarenze 5mm. Igicupa cy'icupa cyashyizwe mu ziko, cyangwa agacupa k'icupa karakinguwe igice cyumishwa kuri 105 ° C ± 2 ° C kuri 2 h. Hanyuma icupa ry'icupa ryarakuweho hanyuma rikonjeshwa ubushyuhe bwicyumba mu cyuma, gipima, hanyuma cyumishwa mu ziko iminota 30.

Bifata amasaha 2 ~ 3 kugirango umenye ibivumbikisho by'icyitegererezo ukoresheje ubu buryo, kandi ibirimo ubuhehere bifitanye isano nibindi bipimo no gutegura igisubizo. Ibipimo byinshi birashobora gukorwa gusa nyuma yikizamini cyibirimo kirangiye. Kubwibyo, ubu buryo ntibukwiriye gukoreshwa mubikorwa byinshi. Kurugero, umurongo utanga umusaruro winganda zimwe na zimwe za selile ukenera kumenya amazi byihuse, kuburyo bashobora gukoresha ubundi buryo kugirango bamenye amazi, nka metero yubushyuhe bwihuse.

Ukurikije uburyo busanzwe bwo kumenya ibirimo ubuhehere, ukurikije uburambe bwibanze bwibigeragezo, birasabwa muri rusange gukama icyitegererezo kugirango uburemere burigihe kuri 105 ℃, 2.5h.

Ibisubizo by'ibizamini bya selile itandukanye ya ether yubushyuhe mubihe bitandukanye. Birashobora kugaragara ko ibisubizo byikizamini cya 135 ℃ na 0.5 h byegeranye nuburyo busanzwe kuri 105 ℃ na 2.5h, kandi gutandukana kw ibisubizo bya metero yihuta yihuta ni nini. Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi bimaze gusohoka, ibintu bibiri byo kumenya 135 ℃, 0.5 h na 105 ℃, 2,5 h byuburyo busanzwe byakomeje kugaragara igihe kirekire, kandi ibisubizo ntibyari bitandukanye cyane. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo kwipimisha bwa 135 ℃ na 0.5 h birashoboka, kandi igihe cyo gupima ubuhehere gishobora kugabanywa nka 2 h.

Ivu rya sulfate

Sulfate ivu selulose ether ni indangagaciro yingenzi, ijyanye neza nibikorwa byayo, ubuziranenge nibindi. Uburyo busanzwe bwo kwipimisha: Kama icyitegererezo kuri 105 ℃ ± 2 ℃ kugirango ubike, upima hafi g 2 z'icyitegererezo mu musaraba watwitswe neza kandi uhoraho, shyira ingirakamaro ku isahani yo gushyushya cyangwa itanura ry'amashanyarazi hanyuma ushushe buhoro kugeza icyitegererezo ni karubone. Nyuma yo gukonjesha ingirakamaro, hongewemo ml 2 ya acide sulfurike, hanyuma ibisigara bigahinduka kandi bigashyuha buhoro buhoro kugeza umwotsi wera ugaragaye. Ikibumbano gishyirwa mu itanura rya Muffle hanyuma kigatwikwa kuri 750 ° C ± 50 ° C kuri 1 h. Nyuma yo gutwika, ingenzi irasohoka ikonjeshwa ubushyuhe bwicyumba mukuma hanyuma igapimwa.

Birashobora kugaragara ko uburyo busanzwe bukoresha aside nyinshi ya sulfurike yibanze mugutwika. Nyuma yo gushyushya, umwotsi mwinshi wa sulfurike ya aside irike. Nubwo yakorerwa muri fume hood, bizagira ingaruka zikomeye kubidukikije imbere no hanze ya laboratoire. Muri iyi nyandiko, ethers zitandukanye za selile zikoreshwa mugutahura ivu ukurikije uburyo busanzwe utongeyeho aside irike ya sulfurike, kandi ibisubizo byikizamini bigereranwa nuburyo busanzwe.

Birashobora kugaragara ko hari icyuho runaka mubisubizo byerekana uburyo bubiri. Ukurikije aya makuru yumwimerere, impapuro zibara icyuho cyinshi muribyombi mubigereranyo bya 1.35 ~ 1.39. Nukuvuga ko, niba ibisubizo byikizamini cyuburyo butarimo aside sulfurike byikubye na coefficient ya 1.35 ~ 1.39, ibisubizo byipimisha ivu hamwe na acide sulfurike birashobora kuboneka hafi. Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi bimaze gusohoka, ibintu bibiri byo gutahura byagereranijwe igihe kirekire, kandi ibisubizo byakomeje kuba hafi muriyi coefficient. Irerekana ko ubu buryo bushobora gukoreshwa mugupima selile nziza ether ivu. Niba hari ibisabwa byihariye kugiti cye, uburyo busanzwe bugomba gukoreshwa. Kubera ko selile igoye yongeyeho ibikoresho bitandukanye, ntabwo bizaganirwaho hano. Mu kugenzura ubuziranenge bwa selile ya selile, ukoresheje uburyo bwo gupima ivu udafite aside irike ya sulfurike irashobora kugabanya umwanda imbere muri laboratoire no hanze yacyo, kugabanya igihe cy’igeragezwa, kongera gukoresha no kugabanya ingaruka zishobora guterwa n’impanuka zatewe n’ubushakashatsi.

3, selile ya ether itsinda ryibizamini byo gupima icyitegererezo

Ibiri mu matsinda ni kimwe mu bipimo byingenzi bya selulose ether, igena mu buryo butaziguye imiterere yimiti ya selile. Ikizamini cyibirimo mu matsinda bivuga selile ya etuline ikorwa na catalizator, gushyushya no guturika mumashanyarazi afunze, hanyuma gukuramo ibicuruzwa no guterwa muri chromatografi ya gaze kugirango isesengure ryinshi. Gushyushya ibice byo mumatsinda byitwa kubanza kuvura muriyi mpapuro. Uburyo busanzwe bwo kubanza kuvura ni: gupima 65mg icyitegererezo cyumye, ongeramo 35mg adipic acide mumacupa ya reaction, winjize 3.0ml y'amazi asanzwe imbere na acide hydroiodic 2.0ml, umanuke mumacupa ya reaction, upfundike neza kandi upime. Shyira icupa rya reaction ukoresheje intoki kuri 30s, shyira icupa rya reaction muri thermostat yicyuma kuri 150 ℃ ± 2 ℃ kuri 20min, uyikuremo uyinyeganyeze kuri 30S, hanyuma uyishyuhe 40min. Nyuma yo gukonjesha ubushyuhe bwicyumba, gutakaza ibiro birasabwa kutarenza 10mg. Bitabaye ibyo, igisubizo cyicyitegererezo kigomba kongera gutegurwa.

Uburyo busanzwe bwo gushyushya bukoreshwa mubyuma byo gushyushya ibyuma bya termostat, mugukoresha nyabyo, itandukaniro ryubushyuhe bwa buri murongo wogukora ibyuma ni binini, ibisubizo ni bibi cyane kubisubiramo, kandi kubera ko ubushyuhe bwo guturika burakabije, akenshi kubera ko Igicupa cya reaction ntabwo ari ukumeneka gukabije na gaze, hari ingaruka runaka. Muri iyi mpapuro, binyuze mu gihe kirekire cyo kwipimisha no kwitegereza, uburyo bwo kwitegura bwahinduwe kuri: ukoresheje icupa ryerekana ibirahure, hamwe na reberi ya butyl reberi, hamwe na kaseti ya polypropilene irwanya ubushyuhe yazengurutse intera, hanyuma shyira icupa rya reaction muri silinderi idasanzwe. , gutwikira neza, amaherezo ushyire mu ziko. Icupa rya reaction hamwe nubu buryo ntirishobora kumeneka amazi cyangwa umwuka, kandi ni umutekano kandi byoroshye gukora mugihe reagent ihungabana neza mugihe cya reaction. Gukoresha amashanyarazi yumuriro yumuriro birashobora gutuma buri sample ishyuha neza, ibisubizo nibyiza gusubiramo.

4. Incamake

Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi byerekana ko uburyo bunoze bwo kumenya selile ya selile yavuzwe muriyi mpapuro birashoboka. Gukoresha ibisabwa muriyi mpapuro kugirango ugerageze kugabanya ibiro byumye birashobora kunoza imikorere no kugabanya igihe cyo kwipimisha. Gukoresha nta sulfurique yipimisha ivu, bishobora kugabanya umwanda wa laboratoire; Uburyo bwa furu bukoreshwa muriyi mpapuro nkuburyo bwo kwitegura bwa selulose ether itsinda ryibizamini birashobora gukora imyitozo neza kandi neza.