Aluminate sima, izwi kandi nka sima-alumina ciment (HAC), ni ubwoko bwa sima ya hydraulic ikozwe muri bauxite na hekeste. Yavumbuwe bwa mbere mu Bufaransa mu myaka ya za 1900, ubu ikaba ikoreshwa cyane mu bwubatsi bitewe n'imiterere yihariye n'ibyiza kuruta ubundi bwoko bwa sima. Muri iyi ngingo, tuzasesengura inkomoko, ibiranga, ibyiza, hamwe nikoreshwa rya aluminate sima.

Inkomoko Aluminate sima yavumbuwe bwa mbere mu Bufaransa mu ntangiriro ya 1900 na injeniyeri w’umufaransa witwa Jules Bied. Yasanze mu gushyushya imvange ya bauxite na hekeste ku bushyuhe bwinshi, hakozwe ibikoresho bya sima bifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi biramba. Ibi bikoresho byabanje kwitwa "ciment fondu" cyangwa "sima yashonze" mu gifaransa, nyuma biza gutangwa nka sima-alumina yo hejuru.

Ibiranga Aluminate sima ifite ibintu byinshi bidasanzwe bituma itandukana nubundi bwoko bwa sima. Muri ibyo biranga harimo:

1. Igenamigambi ryihuse: Aluminate ya sima yihuse, hamwe nigihe cyo gushiraho amasaha agera kuri 4-5. Ibi bituma biba byiza mubisabwa aho bisabwa byihuse, nko mubihe bikonje cyangwa mugihe bikenewe byihuse.
2. Imbaraga zo hambere: Aluminate sima ifite imbaraga zo hambere kare, hamwe nimbaraga zo kwikuramo hafi 50-70 MPa nyuma yumunsi umwe wo gukira. Ibi bituma biba byiza mubisabwa aho hakenewe imbaraga hakiri kare, nko muri beto ya preast cyangwa gusana.
3. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bwa hydration: Aluminate sima itanga ubushyuhe bwinshi mugihe cyamazi, bishobora kuba akarusho nibibi. Ubu bushyuhe bwinshi bwa hydration butuma biba byiza gukoreshwa mugihe cyubukonje, kuko bushobora gufasha kwihutisha inzira yo gukira. Ariko, irashobora kandi gushikana kumeneka nubundi buryo bwo kwangirika iyo bidacunzwe neza.
4. Ikirenge gito cya karuboni: Aluminate sima ifite ikirenge cyo hasi cya karubone ugereranije na sima gakondo ya Portland, kuko bisaba ubushyuhe buke mugihe cyo gukora kandi irimo clinker nkeya.

Ibyiza Aluminate sima itanga inyungu nyinshi kurenza ubundi bwoko bwa sima, harimo:

1. Igenamigambi ryihuse: Aluminate ya sima yihuse, ishobora guta igihe no kugabanya ibiciro byubwubatsi.
2. Imbaraga nyinshi hakiri kare: Aluminate sima ifite imbaraga ndende kare, ishobora kugabanya igihe gikenewe cyo gukira no kongera umusaruro.
3. Kurwanya sulfate nyinshi: Aluminate sima ifite imbaraga nyinshi zo kurwanya igitero cya sulfate, bigatuma ikwiriye gukoreshwa mubidukikije bifite sulfate nyinshi, nko ku nkombe.
4. Kugabanuka gake: Aluminate sima ifite igipimo cyo kugabanuka ugereranije na sima gakondo ya Portland, ishobora kugabanya ibyago byo guturika nubundi buryo bwo kwangirika.

Koresha Aluminate sima ikoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye, harimo:

1. Gushiraho byihuse: Aluminate sima ikoreshwa kenshi mubisabwa aho bikenewe byihuse, nko mubihe bikonje cyangwa mugusana byihuse.
2. Precast beto: Aluminate sima ikoreshwa mugukora ibicuruzwa bya beto, nk'imiyoboro ya beto, ibisate, hamwe na paneli.
3. Isima ivunika: Alumine sima ikoreshwa mugukora sima itavunika, ikoreshwa mugutondekanya itanura ryubushyuhe bwo hejuru, itanura, nibindi bikoresho byinganda.
4. Porogaramu yihariye: Aluminate sima nayo ikoreshwa mubikorwa byihariye, nko mubikorwa byo kwikorera-beto kandi nka binder muburyo bumwe bwibikoresho by amenyo.

Umwanzuro Aluminate sima ni ubwoko bwihariye bwa sima butanga ibyiza byinshi kurenza sima ya Portland. Ifite ikirenge cyo hasi cya karubone, ishyiraho vuba, ifite imbaraga nyinshi kare, kandi irwanya cyane igitero cya sulfate. Aluminate sima ikoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye, harimo gushiraho byihuse, beto ya preast, sima itavunika, hamwe nibikoresho byihariye nkibikoresho by amenyo. Mugihe aluminate sima ifite ibyiza byinshi, ni ngombwa kumenya ko nayo ifite ibibi bimwe bigomba kwitabwaho. Ubushuhe bwinshi bwa hydration burashobora gushikana kumeneka nubundi buryo bwo kwangirika iyo bidacunzwe neza, kandi birashobora no kuba bihenze kuruta sima gakondo ya Portland. Nyamara, inyungu zo gukoresha aluminate sima akenshi ziruta ikiguzi, cyane cyane mubikorwa byihariye aho umutungo wihariye ukenewe.