Kodi matope osakanikirana ndi chiyani?

Kima Chemical imadziwika kuti ndi yodalirikaMtengo wa HPMCHydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chofunikira pazowonjezera zowuma zamatope. Kima Chemical imadziwika chifukwa chodzipereka pakuchita bwino komanso kuchita zinthu zatsopano pamakampani opanga mankhwala.

Dothi lowuma lowuma, lomwe limadziwikanso kuti matope owuma, ndi chisakanizo cha zophatikiza zabwino, simenti, zowonjezera, ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimasakanizidwa bwino kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zenizeni. Ndizinthu zosunthika zomangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pama projekiti osiyanasiyana omanga, kuyambira nyumba zogona mpaka mafakitale, chifukwa cha kuphweka kwake komanso kusasinthika. Kapangidwe ka matope owuma osakanikirana amathandizira kwambiri kudziwa momwe matopewo amagwirira ntchito, momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso momwe angagwiritsire ntchito ntchito inayake.

Tidzayang'ana zovuta za kupanga matope owuma, ndikuwunika magawo osiyanasiyana, ntchito zawo, ndi momwe zimakhudzira chomaliza. Tikambirananso za kufunikira kwa kuwongolera kwabwino ndikupereka tebulo latsatanetsatane lofotokozera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamatope owuma pamagwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana.

M'ndandanda wazopezekamo

1. Mawu Oyamba

2. Zigawo za Dry Mixed Mortar

2.1. Fine Aggregate

2.2. Cementitious Binders

2.3. Zowonjezera

2.4. Madzi

3. Njira Yopangira

4. Zomwe Zimakhudza Kukonzekera

4.1. Zofunikira pa Ntchito

4.2. Mikhalidwe Yachilengedwe

4.3. Kuganizira za Mtengo

5. Kuwongolera Kwabwino

5.1. Kuyesa ndi Kusanthula

5.2. Kusasinthika kwa Batch-to-Batch

6. Common Dry Mixed Mortar Formulations

6.1. Masonry Mortar

6.2. Plaster Mortar

6.3. Zomatira za matailosi

6.4. Mtondo Wodziyimira pawokha

6.5. Konzani Mtondo

6.6. Insulation Mortar

7. Mapeto

8. Maumboni

1. Mawu Oyamba

Zouma zosakaniza matopendi chisakanizo chosakanikirana cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga. Zimathetsa kufunika kosakaniza pamalopo ndipo zimapereka khalidwe lokhazikika, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala chisankho chodziwika bwino pa ntchito yomanga. Kupanga matope osakaniza owuma ndi njira yovuta kwambiri yomwe imatsimikizira kuti matope amakwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

2.Zigawo za Dry Mixed Mortar

Dothi losakanizika lowuma lili ndi zigawo zingapo zofunika, chilichonse chimakhala ndi gawo lapadera pakusakaniza. Zigawozi zimaphatikizapo zophatikiza bwino, zomangira simenti, zowonjezera, ndi madzi.

2.1. Fine Aggregate

Kuphatikizika bwino, nthawi zambiri mchenga, ndi gawo lofunikira la matope owuma osakanikirana. Imapereka voliyumu ndikuchita ngati chodzaza, kumapangitsa kuti matope agwire bwino ntchito ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa simenti yofunikira. Kukula kwa tinthu tating'ono ndi kugawa kwa kaphatikizidwe kabwinoko kumakhudza kwambiri zinthu zamatope, monga mphamvu ndi kukhazikika.

2.2. Cementitious Binders

Omangira simenti ali ndi udindo wopereka mgwirizano ndi mphamvu kumatope. Zomangira wamba zimaphatikizapo simenti ya Portland, simenti wosakanikirana, ndi zomangira zina zama hydraulic. Mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa zomangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zimadalira mphamvu ya matope ndi mawonekedwe ake.

2.3. Zowonjezera

Zowonjezera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha ndi kupititsa patsogolo zinthu za matope osakaniza owuma. Izi zingaphatikizepo ma accelerator a cellulose ethers, retarders, plasticizers, air-entraining agents, ndi zina. Zowonjezera zimawonjezeredwa pang'onopang'ono koma zimakhudza kwambiri momwe matope amagwirira ntchito, nthawi yoyika, ndi ntchito pansi pazikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana.

2.4. Madzi

Madzi ndi gawo lofunikira lomwe limathandizira kusakanikirana kwa zinthu zowuma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti apange phala logwira ntchito. Kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi simenti ndikofunikira, chifukwa kumakhudza kusasinthika kwa matope, nthawi yoyika, komanso magwiridwe antchito onse.

3. Njira Yopangira

Kupanga matope osakaniza owuma kumaphatikizapo kuyeza mosamala ndi kusakaniza zigawozo moyenerera. Ntchitoyi imayamba ndi kusankha zinthu zopangira, kuphatikiza kusankha kophatikiza bwino, zomangira simenti, zowonjezera, ndi madzi. Zida zikasankhidwa, zimayikidwa molingana ndi zomwe mukufuna.

Zigawo zowuma (zophatikiza zabwino ndi zomangira simenti) zimayamba kusakanikirana kuti zitheke kusakanikirana kofanana. Pambuyo pake, zowonjezera ndi madzi zimaphatikizidwa muzosakaniza. Njira yosakaniza imatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi kapangidwe kake komanso zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kusakaniza koyenera ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kugawidwa kofanana kwa zigawo zonse, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji khalidwe la matope ndi ntchito yake.

4. Zomwe Zimakhudza Kukonzekera

Kapangidwe ka matope osakanizika owuma amatengera zinthu zingapo, kuphatikiza zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito, momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira, komanso mtengo wake.

4.1. Zofunikira pa Ntchito

Ntchito zomanga zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana pamatope owuma. Zinthu monga mphamvu, kulimba, nthawi yoikika, ndi mtundu zingasiyane kutengera ntchito. Zolemba zimasinthidwa kuti zikwaniritse zosowa zenizeni izi. Mwachitsanzo, matope omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga miyala amafunikira zinthu zosiyana ndi matope omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poika matayala.

4.2. Mikhalidwe Yachilengedwe

Mikhalidwe ya chilengedwe, monga kutentha ndi chinyezi, ingakhudze momwe amapangidwira. Zinthu izi zimakhudza nthawi yoyika matope komanso magwiridwe antchito. M'mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri, mapangidwe apadera angafunike kuti awonetsetse kuti matope akugwira ntchito bwino.

4.3. Kuganizira za Mtengo

Mtengo wa zida ndi njira yonse yopangira zingakhudze zisankho za kapangidwe. Kusintha kapangidwe kake kuti kakhale kogwira ntchito bwino ndikusunga magwiridwe antchito ndikofunikira kwa opanga.

5. Kuwongolera Kwabwino

Kuwongolera khalidwe ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakupanga matope owuma. Kuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino ndikofunikira kuti zikwaniritse miyezo yamakampani komanso zomwe makasitomala amayembekezera.

5.1. Kuyesa ndi Kusanthula

Opanga amayesa mayeso osiyanasiyana ndikuwunika paziwiya zonse komanso chinthu chomaliza chamatope. Mayeserowa amawunika zinthu monga mphamvu zopondereza, mphamvu zomatira, kutha ntchito, komanso kulimba. Kusintha kwa mapangidwe kungakhale kofunikira potengera zotsatira za mayeso.

5.2. Kusasinthika kwa Batch-to-Batch

Kusunga kusasinthika kuchokera ku gulu lina kupita ku lina ndikofunikira pakuwongolera bwino. Kupotoka kwa mapangidwe kungayambitse kusagwirizana kwa mankhwala. Njira zolimba zowongolera khalidwe zimathandiza kupewa kusagwirizana koteroko.

6. Common Dry Mixed Mortar Formulations

Ntchito zosiyanasiyana pomanga zimafunikira mawonekedwe apadera amatope. Nawa mitundu ina yodziwika bwino ya matope owuma komanso zofunikira zake:

6.1. Masonry Mortar

Mtondo wa masonry umagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga njerwa kapena block. Nthawi zambiri imakhala mchenga, simenti, ndipo nthawi zina laimu. Mapangidwewa adapangidwa kuti apereke magwiridwe antchito abwino, kumamatira mwamphamvu, komanso kukana kuzizira.

6.2. Plaster Mortar

Dongo la pulasitala limagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka mkati ndi kunja kwa makoma ndi kudenga. Amapangidwa kuti apereke mapeto osalala komanso okhazikika. Zowonjezera monga retarders zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukulitsa nthawi yoyika pulasitala.

6.3. Zomatira za matailosi

Tondo womatira matailosi adapangidwa kuti aziyika matailosi pamalo osiyanasiyana. Zimafunika kumamatira mwamphamvu komanso kuchita bwino kwambiri. Zowonjezera za polima nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa kuti zithandizire kulumikizana komanso kusinthasintha.

6.4. Mtondo Wodziyimira pawokha

Mtondo wodziyimira pawokha umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malo okwera pamagawo osagwirizana. Imayenda mosavuta ndikudzikweza yokha, kuonetsetsa kuti ikhale yosalala komanso yomaliza. Zowonjezera monga ma superplasticizers amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti akwaniritse zomwe akufuna.

6.5. Konzani Mtondo

Mtondo wokonza umapangidwa kuti ugwire ndi kukonzanso konkriti yowonongeka kapena malo omanga. Amapereka mphamvu zambiri komanso mgwirizano wabwino kwambiri ndi gawo lapansi lomwe lilipo. Ma Corrosion inhibitors atha kuwonjezeredwa kuti akhale olimba.

6.6. Insulation Mortar

Mtondo wa insulation umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina otsekera akunja (ETICS) kuti amangirire matabwa otsekera pamakoma. Lili ndi zinthu zinazake kuti zitsimikizire kuti kutentha kumayendera. Magulu opepuka nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa kuti achepetse kutentha.

7. Mapeto

Kupanga matope owuma ndi njira yovuta yomwe imaphatikizapo kuphatikiza bwino kophatikizana bwino, zomangira simenti, zowonjezera, ndi madzi kuti apange zomangira zogwirizana ndi ntchito zina. Kumvetsetsa ntchito ya gawo lililonse ndikuganiziranso zinthu monga zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito, momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira, komanso mtengo wake ndikofunikira kwambiri popanga matope owuma apamwamba kwambiri. Njira zowongolera zinthu zimatsimikizira kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino komanso zimakwaniritsa miyezo yamakampani. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa matope osakaniza owuma kumafalikira muzomangamanga zosiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku zomangamanga ndi pulasitala kupita ku zomatira matailosi ndi makina otsekemera, kuwonetsa kufunikira kwake m'makampani omanga amakono.

8. Maumboni

Chonde dziwani kuti tebulo lomwe lili ndi matope osakaniza owuma amitundu yosiyanasiyana sanatchulidwepo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake. Ngati mungafune tsatanetsatane wa tebulo, chonde perekani zambiri zamitundu yomwe mukufuna, ndipo nditha kukuthandizani popanga tebulo potengera zambiri.