Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) ndi methyl cellulose (MC) ndi zotuluka ziwiri za cellulose zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ambiri. Ngakhale onse amachokera ku cellulose yachilengedwe, chifukwa cha njira zosiyanasiyana zosinthira mankhwala, CMC ndi MC zili ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pamapangidwe amankhwala, thupi ndi mankhwala, komanso magawo ogwiritsira ntchito.
1. Magwero ndi mwachidule mwachidule
Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) imakonzedwa pochita ma cellulose achilengedwe ndi chloroacetic acid pambuyo pa mankhwala amchere. Ndi anionic madzi sungunuka cellulose yochokera. CMC nthawi zambiri imakhala mu mawonekedwe a mchere wa sodium, motero imatchedwanso Sodium Carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC). Chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwake kwabwino komanso kusintha kwa viscosity, CMC imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazakudya, zamankhwala, kubowola mafuta, mafakitale a nsalu ndi mapepala.
Methylcellulose (MC) amapangidwa ndi methylating mapadi ndi methyl chloride (kapena methylating reagents). Ndizochokera ku cellulose yopanda ionic. MC ili ndi matenthedwe a gel osakaniza, yankho limalimba likatenthedwa ndikusungunuka likakhazikika. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera, MC imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzomangamanga, kukonzekera mankhwala, zokutira, chakudya ndi mafakitale ena.
2. Kapangidwe ka mankhwala
Kapangidwe kake ka CMC ndikuyambitsa gulu la carboxymethyl (-CH2COOH) pagawo la shuga la β-1,4-glucosidic bond of cellulose. Gulu la carboxyl ili limapangitsa kukhala anionic. Maselo a CMC ali ndi magulu ambiri a sodium carboxylate. Maguluwa amasiyanitsidwa mosavuta m'madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mamolekyu a CMC akhale olakwika, motero amawapangitsa kuti asungunuke m'madzi komanso kukhuthala.
Mapangidwe a maselo a MC ndikuyambitsa magulu a methoxy (-OCH3) mu ma cellulose, ndipo magulu a methoxy amalowa m'malo mwa magulu a hydroxyl mu ma cellulose. Palibe magulu a ionized mu kapangidwe ka MC, chifukwa chake si a ionic, kutanthauza kuti sichimalekanitsa kapena kuyimbidwa mlandu. Mawonekedwe ake apadera a gel otenthetsera amayamba chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa magulu a methoxy awa.
3. Kusungunuka ndi zinthu zakuthupi
CMC ili ndi kusungunuka kwabwino m'madzi ndipo imatha kusungunuka m'madzi ozizira kuti ipange madzi owoneka bwino. Popeza ndi polima anionic, kusungunuka kwa CMC kumakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu ya ayoni ndi pH yamadzi. M'malo amchere wambiri kapena asidi amphamvu, kusungunuka ndi kukhazikika kwa CMC kudzachepa. Komanso, mamasukidwe akayendedwe a CMC ndi wokhazikika pa kutentha osiyana.
Kusungunuka kwa MC m'madzi kumadalira kutentha. Ikhoza kusungunuka m'madzi ozizira koma imapanga gel osakaniza ikatenthedwa. Katundu wamafuta otenthetserawa amathandizira MC kuchita ntchito zapadera m'makampani azakudya ndi zida zomangira. The mamasukidwe akayendedwe a MC amachepetsa pamene kutentha ukuwonjezeka, ndipo ali kukana zabwino enzymatic kuwonongeka ndi bata.
4. Makhalidwe a viscosity
Kukhuthala kwa CMC ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zakuthupi. Kukhuthala kwake kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi kulemera kwake kwa maselo ndi kuchuluka kwake m'malo. Kukhuthala kwa njira ya CMC kumakhala ndi kusinthika kwabwino, nthawi zambiri kumatulutsa mamasukidwe apamwamba pamagulu otsika (1% -2%), motero amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thickener, stabilizer ndi kuyimitsa wothandizira.
Kukhuthala kwa MC kumakhudzananso ndi kulemera kwake kwa mamolekyu ndi kuchuluka kwake m'malo. MC yokhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana olowa m'malo imakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a viscosity. MC imakhalanso ndi zotsatira zabwino zowonjezeretsa yankho, koma ikatenthedwa ndi kutentha kwina, yankho la MC lidzasungunuka. Katunduyu wa gelling amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito yomanga (monga gypsum, simenti) ndi kukonza chakudya (Monga thickening, kupanga filimu, etc.).
5. Malo ogwiritsira ntchito
CMC imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thickener, emulsifier, stabilizer, ndi kuyimitsa wothandizira pamakampani azakudya. Mwachitsanzo, mu ayisikilimu, yogati ndi zakumwa za zipatso, CMC imatha kupewa kupatukana kwazinthu ndikuwongolera kukoma ndi kukhazikika kwa mankhwalawa. M'makampani amafuta, CMC imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo chamatope kuti chithandizire kuwongolera kutayika kwamadzi ndi kutaya kwamadzimadzi obowola. Kuphatikiza apo, CMC imagwiritsidwanso ntchito posintha zamkati m'makampani opanga mapepala komanso ngati gwero lamakampani opanga nsalu.
MC imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito yomanga, makamaka mumatope owuma, zomatira matailosi ndi ufa wa putty. Monga chowonjezera komanso chosungira madzi, MC imatha kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yomanga komanso mphamvu yomangirira. M'makampani opanga mankhwala, MC imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zomangira mapiritsi, zida zotulutsa zokhazikika komanso zida zapakhoma. Makhalidwe ake a thermogelling amalola kumasulidwa kolamuliridwa muzinthu zina. Kuphatikiza apo, MC imagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'makampani azakudya monga thickener, stabilizer ndi emulsifier pazakudya, monga sauces, fillings, bread, etc.
6. Chitetezo ndi biodegradability
CMC imatengedwa ngati chowonjezera cha chakudya chotetezeka. Kafukufuku wambiri wa toxicological awonetsa kuti CMC ilibe vuto lililonse mthupi la munthu pamlingo wovomerezeka. Popeza CMC ndi yochokera ku cellulose yachilengedwe ndipo ili ndi biodegradability yabwino, ndiyochezeka kwambiri ndi chilengedwe ndipo imatha kuwonongedwa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.
MC imatengedwanso ngati chowonjezera chotetezeka ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzamankhwala, zakudya ndi zodzoladzola. Chikhalidwe chake chosakhala cha ionic chimapangitsa kukhala chokhazikika mu vivo komanso mu vitro. Ngakhale MC sichitha kuwonongeka ngati CMC, imathanso kunyozedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pamikhalidwe inayake.
Ngakhale carboxymethyl cellulose ndi methyl cellulose onse amachokera ku cellulose yachilengedwe, ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana pakugwiritsa ntchito moyenera chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala, mawonekedwe ake komanso magawo omwe amagwiritsira ntchito. CMC imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'minda yazakudya, zamankhwala ndi mafakitale chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwamadzi bwino, kukhuthala ndi kuyimitsidwa, pomwe MC ili ndi udindo wofunikira pakumanga, zamankhwala ndi mafakitale azakudya chifukwa chamafuta ake a gel ndi kukhazikika kwake. Onsewa ali ndi ntchito zapadera m'makampani amakono, ndipo onsewo ndi obiriwira komanso okonda zachilengedwe.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-18-2024