Tondo ndi konkriti ndi zinthu ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga. Zonsezi zimapangidwa ndi simenti, mchenga, ndi madzi, koma kuchuluka kwa chinthu chilichonse kumasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chinthu chilichonse chikhale chapadera komanso momwe chimagwirira ntchito. M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana kusiyana pakati pa matope ndi konkriti, katundu wake, ndi ntchito zake.

Tondondi chisakanizo cha simenti, mchenga, ndi madzi. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholumikizira pakati pa njerwa, miyala, kapena mayunitsi ena omanga. Tondo ndi chinthu chofooka kwambiri chokhala ndi mphamvu yopondereza kuyambira 2.5 mpaka 10 N/mm2. Sanapangidwe kuti azinyamula katundu wolemera, koma m'malo mwake azigwira mayunitsi a zomangamanga pamodzi ndikupereka malo osalala kuti amalize.

Kuchuluka kwa simenti, mchenga, ndi madzi mumtondo kumadalira pa ntchito ndi katundu wofunidwa. Mwachitsanzo, kusakaniza kofala poyala njerwa ndi gawo limodzi la simenti mpaka magawo 6 a mchenga, pomwe kusakaniza kwa makoma ndi gawo limodzi la simenti ku magawo atatu a mchenga. Kuphatikizira laimu kusakaniza kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kugwira ntchito, kulimba, komanso kukana madzi kwa matope.

Koma konkire ndi kusakaniza kwa simenti, mchenga, madzi, ndi zinthu zophatikizika, monga miyala kapena miyala yophwanyidwa. Ndizinthu zolimba komanso zolimba zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zopondereza kuyambira 15 mpaka 80 N / mm2, malingana ndi kusakaniza kwabwino komanso ubwino wa zosakaniza. Konkire imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga maziko, pansi, makoma, mizati, mizati, ndi milatho.

Kuchuluka kwa simenti, mchenga, madzi, ndi zophatikizika mu konkire zimatengera kuyika kwake komanso mphamvu yomwe mukufuna komanso kulimba kwake. Kusakaniza wamba kwa zomangamanga ndi gawo limodzi la simenti ku magawo awiri a mchenga kupita ku magawo atatu ophatikizika mpaka magawo 0,5 a madzi, pomwe kusakaniza konkriti kolimba ndi gawo limodzi la simenti mpaka magawo 1.5 a mchenga mpaka magawo atatu amadzi. Kuonjezera zosakaniza, monga plasticizers, accelerators, kapena air-entraining agents, akhoza kupititsa patsogolo ntchito, mphamvu, ndi kulimba kwa konkire.

Chimodzi mwa kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa matope ndi konkire ndi mphamvu zawo. Konkire ndi yamphamvu kwambiri kuposa matope, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kunyamula katundu wolemetsa komanso kukana mphamvu zopondereza. Komano, matope ndi ofooka komanso osinthasintha, omwe amalola kuti atenge zovuta zina zomwe mayunitsi a zomangamanga amakumana nazo chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kutentha, kuwonjezereka kwa chinyezi, kapena kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.

Kusiyana kwina ndiko kugwira ntchito kwawo. Mtondo ndi wosavuta kugwira nawo ntchito kuposa konkire, chifukwa umakhala ndi viscosity yotsika ndipo ungagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi trowel kapena chida cholozera. Tondo imayikanso pang'onopang'ono kuposa konkire, zomwe zimapatsa womanga nthawi yochulukirapo kuti asinthe malo a mayunitsi a zomangamanga matope asanayambe kuuma. Konkire, kumbali ina, imakhala yovuta kwambiri kugwira ntchito, chifukwa imakhala ndi viscosity yapamwamba ndipo imafuna zida zapadera, monga mapampu a konkire kapena ma vibrator, kuti ayikidwe ndi kuphatikizika bwino. Konkire imayikanso mwachangu kuposa matope, zomwe zimachepetsa nthawi yomwe ilipo yosintha.

Tondo ndi konkire zimasiyananso maonekedwe awo. Tondo nthawi zambiri imakhala yopepuka kuposa konkriti, chifukwa imakhala ndi simenti yochepa komanso mchenga wambiri. Mtondo ukhozanso kupakidwa utoto ndi utoto kapena madontho kuti ufanane ndi mtundu wa mayunitsi amiyala kapena kupanga zokongoletsa. Konkire, kumbali ina, nthawi zambiri imakhala imvi kapena yoyera, koma imathanso kupakidwa utoto kapena madontho kuti iwonekere.

Pankhani ya mtengo, matope nthawi zambiri amakhala otsika mtengo kuposa konkire, chifukwa amafunikira simenti yocheperako komanso zophatikiza. Komabe, mtengo wa ntchito ukhoza kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi zovuta ndi kukula kwa polojekitiyo, komanso kupezeka kwa akatswiri amisiri aluso kapena ogwira ntchito konkire.