Ma cellulose ethers osinthidwa ndi gulu losiyanasiyana la mankhwala omwe amachokera ku cellulose, polima yachilengedwe yomwe imapezeka m'makoma a cellulose. Ma cellulose ndi mzere wa polima wopangidwa ndi mayunitsi a shuga olumikizidwa pamodzi ndi ma β-1,4-glycosidic bond. Ndiwo polima wachilengedwe wochulukirachulukira Padziko Lapansi ndipo ili ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza monga mphamvu zambiri, kachulukidwe kakang'ono, kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe, komanso kusinthikanso.
Ma cellulose ethers osinthidwa amapangidwa poyambitsa magulu osiyanasiyana amankhwala mu molekyulu ya cellulose, yomwe imasintha mawonekedwe ake akuthupi ndi mankhwala. Kusintha uku kumatha kutheka ndi njira zingapo, kuphatikiza etherification, esterification, ndi okosijeni. Zotsatira zosinthidwa za cellulose ethers zimakhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo chakudya, mankhwala, zodzoladzola, zomangamanga, ndi nsalu.
Mtundu umodzi wodziwika wa cellulose ether yosinthidwa ndi methyl cellulose (MC), yomwe imapangidwa pochita ma cellulose ndi methyl chloride. MC ndi polima wopanda ionic, wosungunuka m'madzi womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chowonjezera muzakudya, ngati chomangira muzoumba, komanso ngati zokutira popanga mapepala. MC ili ndi maubwino angapo kuposa ma thickeners ena, monga kuthekera kwake kupanga ma gels owonekera, kawopsedwe wake wotsika, komanso kukana kuwonongeka kwa ma enzyme.
Mtundu wina wa ether yosinthidwa ya cellulose ndi hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), yomwe imapangidwa ndikuchita pa cellulose ndi osakaniza a propylene oxide ndi methyl chloride. HPMC ndi non-ionic, madzi sungunuka polima kuti chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thickening wothandizila mu chakudya ndi munthu chisamaliro mankhwala, monga binder mu mapiritsi mankhwala, ndi ❖ kuyanika mu ntchito yomanga. HPMC ali ubwino angapo pa thickeners ena, monga luso lake kupanga gel osakaniza pa ndende otsika, mamasukidwe akayendedwe ake mkulu pa kutentha otsika, ndi ngakhale ndi osiyanasiyana zosakaniza zina.
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) ndi mtundu wina wa efa wosinthidwa wa cellulose womwe umapangidwa pochita pa cellulose ndi monochloroacetic acid. CMC ndi polima wosungunuka m'madzi womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati thickening agent, stabilizer, ndi emulsifier muzakudya, mankhwala, ndi zinthu zosamalira anthu. CMC ili ndi maubwino angapo kuposa zokhuthala zina, monga kuthekera kwake kupanga ma gels owonekera, mphamvu yake yosungira madzi, komanso kukana kuwonongeka kwa ma enzyme.
Ethyl cellulose (EC) ndi mtundu wa ether yosinthidwa ya cellulose yomwe imapangidwa ndikuchitapo kanthu pa cellulose ndi ethyl chloride. EC ndi polima si ionic, madzi-insoluble polima kuti chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ❖ kuyanika mu makampani mankhwala. EC ali ndi ubwino angapo pa zokutira zina, monga luso lake kupanga mosalekeza filimu, otsika mamasukidwe akayendedwe ake, ndi kukana chinyezi ndi kutentha.
Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) ndi mtundu wina wa ether wosinthidwa wa cellulose womwe umapangidwa ndikuchitapo kanthu pa cellulose ndi ethylene oxide. HEC ndi polima yosungunuka m'madzi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati thickening muzinthu zosamalira anthu komanso ngati chomangira pamapiritsi amankhwala. HEC ili ndi ubwino wambiri pazitsulo zina, monga kuthekera kwake kupanga ma gels owonekera, mphamvu zake zokhala ndi madzi, komanso kugwirizana kwake ndi zinthu zina zambiri.
Kapangidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka ma cellulose ethers osinthidwa amadalira zinthu zingapo, monga mtundu wa gulu lamankhwala lomwe limayambitsidwa, kuchuluka kwa kulowetsedwa m'malo, kulemera kwa maselo, ndi kusungunuka kwake. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa kulowetsedwa kwa MC kapena HPMC kumatha kuwonjezera mphamvu yosungira madzi ndi mamasukidwe awo, ndikuchepetsa kusungunuka kwawo. Mofananamo, kuonjezera kulemera kwa maselo a CMC kumatha kuwonjezera kukhuthala kwake komanso kuthekera kwake kupanga ma gels, ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yake yosungira madzi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ma ethers osinthidwa a cellulose ndi ambiri komanso osiyanasiyana. M'makampani azakudya, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zolimbitsa thupi, zolimbitsa thupi, ndi zokometsera zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza soups, sauces, mavalidwe, ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Ma cellulose ethers osinthidwa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zakudya zamafuta ochepa komanso zochepa zama calorie, chifukwa amatha kutsanzira kapangidwe kake ndi pakamwa pamafuta popanda kuwonjezera ma calories. Kuphatikiza apo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokutira ndi zonyezimira muzinthu za confectionery kuti aziwoneka bwino komanso moyo wawo wa alumali.
M'makampani opanga mankhwala, ma ethers osinthidwa a cellulose amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zomangira, zosokoneza, komanso zokutira m'mapiritsi ndi makapisozi. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati ma viscosity modifiers muzinthu zamadzimadzi, monga syrups ndi suspensions. Ma cellulose ethers osinthidwa amakondedwa kuposa zowonjezera zina, chifukwa ndi inert, biocompatible, ndipo ali ndi kawopsedwe kakang'ono. Amaperekanso kuwongolera kwakukulu pamlingo wotulutsa mankhwala, zomwe zimatha kuwongolera mphamvu zawo komanso chitetezo chawo.
M’makampani opanga zodzoladzola, ma etha osinthidwa a cellulose amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokometsera, zokometsera, ndi zotsitsimutsa muzopaka, mafuta odzola, ndi ma gels. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati opanga mafilimu muzinthu zosamalira tsitsi, monga ma shampoos ndi zowongolera. Ma cellulose ethers osinthidwa amatha kusintha mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a zodzoladzola, komanso kupangitsa kuti zikhale zogwira mtima komanso zokhazikika.
Pomanga, ma cellulose ether osinthidwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokhuthala, zomangira, ndi zosunga madzi mu simenti, matope, ndi pulasitala. Amatha kupititsa patsogolo ntchito, kusasinthasintha, ndi mphamvu za zipangizozi, komanso kuchepetsa kuchepa kwawo ndi kusweka. Ma cellulose ether osinthidwa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zokutira ndi zomatira pamakoma ndi pansi.
M'makampani opanga nsalu, ma ethers osinthidwa a cellulose amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma saizi ndi thickeners popanga nsalu ndi ulusi. Amatha kupititsa patsogolo kagwiridwe ndi kuluka kwa nsalu, komanso kukulitsa mphamvu ndi kulimba kwake.
Ponseponse, ma ether osinthidwa a cellulose ndi osinthika komanso ofunikira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Amapereka zabwino zambiri kuposa ma polima ena, monga biocompatibility, biodegradability, ndi chilengedwe chongowonjezedwanso. Amaperekanso kulamulira kwakukulu kwa thupi ndi mankhwala azinthu, zomwe zingathe kusintha khalidwe lawo ndi ntchito zawo. Momwemonso, ma ethers osinthidwa a cellulose akuyenera kupitiliza kugwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga zinthu zatsopano komanso zatsopano m'tsogolomu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-22-2023