Ma cellulose ether (CelluloseEther) amapangidwa kuchokera ku cellulose kudzera mu etherification reaction ya amodzi kapena angapo othandizira etherification ndikupera kowuma. Malingana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala a ether substituents, ma cellulose ethers amatha kugawidwa mu anionic, cationic ndi nonionic ethers. Ma Ionic cellulose ethers makamaka amaphatikizapo carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC); non-ionic cellulose ethers makamaka amaphatikizapo methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) ndi hydroxyethyl cellulose Ether (HC), ndi zina zotero. -Ionic madzi osungunuka ethers amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka muzinthu zamatope. Pamaso pa ayoni calcium, ionic cellulose ether ndi wosakhazikika, choncho kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu matope owuma osakaniza mankhwala ntchito simenti, slaked laimu, etc. monga simenti zipangizo. Nonionic madzi sungunuka cellulose ethers amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale opangira zida zomangira chifukwa chakukhazikika kwawo ndikusunga madzi.
01. Mankhwala a cellulose ether
Ether iliyonse ya cellulose imakhala ndi kapangidwe ka cellulose - kapangidwe ka anhydroglucose. Popanga cellulose ether, ulusi wa cellulose umayamba kutenthedwa mu njira ya alkaline, kenako umathandizidwa ndi etherifying agent. The fibrous reaction mankhwala amayeretsedwa ndi pulverized kupanga yunifolomu ufa ndi ena fineness.
Propylene oxide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza hydroxypropyl substituents kuwonjezera pa methane chloride popanga HPMC. Ma cellulose ethers osiyanasiyana amakhala ndi ma methyl ndi hydroxypropyl substitution ratios, omwe amakhudza kuyanjana kwa organic ndi kutentha kwa kutentha kwa ma cellulose ether.
Popanga MC, methyl chloride yokha ndiyomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati etherification agent
02. Zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito cellulose ether:
Ma cellulose ether ndi polymer ya cellulose semi-synthetic high molecular polymer, yomwe imasungunuka m'madzi komanso kusungunuka. Zili ndi zotsatira zosiyana m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, muzinthu zomangira mankhwala, zimakhala ndi zotsatirazi:
①Wosunga madzi ②Thickener ③Leveling katundu ④Katundu wopanga mafilimu ⑤Binder
Mu polyvinyl kolorayidi makampani, ndi emulsifier ndi dispersant; mu makampani opanga mankhwala, ndi binder ndi pang'onopang'ono ndi kulamulidwa kumasulidwa chimango zakuthupi, etc. Chifukwa mapadi ali ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana zophatikizana, ntchito yake Munda ndi wochuluka kwambiri. Zotsatirazi zikuyang'ana pa ntchito ndi ntchito ya cellulose ether mu zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zomangira.
(1) Pakhoma scraping putty:
Pakali pano, m'mizinda yambiri m'dziko langa, putty wosamva madzi komanso wosapaka malo otetezedwa ndi chilengedwe wakhala amtengo wapatali kwambiri ndi anthu. Amapangidwa ndi acetal reaction ya vinyl mowa ndi formaldehyde. Choncho, nkhaniyi pang'onopang'ono inathetsedwa ndi anthu, ndi mapadi etere mndandanda mankhwala ntchito m'malo nkhaniyi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, pakupanga zida zomangira zachilengedwe, cellulose ndiyo yokhayo.
Mu putty yosagwira madzi, imagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: ufa wowuma wa putty ndi putty phala. Mwa mitundu iwiriyi ya putty, methyl cellulose yosinthidwa ndi hydroxypropyl methyl iyenera kusankhidwa. Mawonekedwe a viscosity nthawi zambiri amakhala pakati pa 30000-60000cps. Ntchito zazikulu za cellulose mu putty ndikusunga madzi, kugwirizana ndi kudzoza. Popeza makonzedwe a putty a opanga osiyanasiyana ndi osiyana, ena ndi imvi kashiamu, kashiamu wopepuka, simenti yoyera, etc., ndipo ena ndi gypsum ufa, imvi kashiamu, calcium kuwala, etc., kotero specifications, mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi malowedwe a mapadi mu njira ziwiri ndi zosiyana. Ndalama zomwe zawonjezeredwa ndi pafupifupi 2 ‰-3 ‰. Pomanga khoma scraping putty, popeza m'munsi mwa khoma ali ndi mlingo wina wa mayamwidwe madzi (mayamwidwe madzi mayamwidwe khoma la njerwa ndi 13%, ndi mlingo mayamwidwe madzi konkire ndi 3-5%), kuphatikiza ndi evaporation ya dziko lakunja, ngati putty kutaya madzi mofulumira kwambiri , Zidzatsogolera ku ming'alu kapena kuchotsa ufa, zomwe zidzafooketsa mphamvu ya putty. Choncho, kuwonjezera cellulose ether kuthetsa vutoli. Koma khalidwe la filler, makamaka khalidwe la phulusa calcium ndi zofunika kwambiri.
Chifukwa cha kukhuthala kwakukulu kwa cellulose, kuyanika kwa putty kumakulitsidwanso, ndipo kugwedezeka kwapanthawi yomanga kumapewedwanso, ndipo kumakhala komasuka komanso kopulumutsa ntchito pambuyo pakupala. M'pofunika kuwonjezera cellulose ether mu ufa putty. Kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwake ndikosavuta. Zodzaza ndi zowonjezera zimatha kusakanikirana mofanana mu ufa wouma.
(2) Dongo la konkriti:
Mu matope a konkire, kuti mukwaniritse mphamvu zomaliza, simenti iyenera kukhala ndi madzi okwanira. Makamaka pomanga chilimwe, matope a konkire amataya madzi mofulumira kwambiri, ndipo miyeso ya hydration yathunthu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusunga ndi kuwaza madzi. Kuwonongeka kwazinthu ndi ntchito yovuta, chinsinsi ndichakuti madziwo ali pamtunda, ndipo hydration yamkati ikadali yosakwanira, kotero njira yothetsera vutoli ndikuwonjezera cellulose yosungira madzi ku konkire yamatope, makamaka kusankha hydroxypropyl methyl. kapena methyl fiber Mawonekedwe a viscosity ali pakati pa 20000-60000cps, ndipo kuchuluka kwake ndi 2% -3%. Mlingo wosungira madzi ukhoza kuwonjezeka kufika pa 85%. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito konkire yamatope ndikusakaniza ufa wowuma mofanana ndikuyika m'madzi.
(3) Popaka gypsum, gypsum yomangika, ndi gypsum yokhotakhota:
Ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha ntchito yomanga, kufunikira kwa anthu kwa zomangira zatsopano kukukulirakulira. Chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kwa anthu pakuzindikira zachitetezo cha chilengedwe komanso kuwongolera mosalekeza kwa zomangamanga, zida za simenti za gypsum zakula mwachangu. Pakalipano, zinthu zodziwika bwino za gypsum ndizo pulasitala gypsum, gypsum yomangirira, gypsum yopaka, ndi zomatira matailosi. Plastering gypsum ndi pulasitala wapamwamba kwambiri pamakoma amkati ndi kudenga. Khoma lopakidwa nalo ndi labwino komanso losalala. Mtundu watsopano wa zomatira zama board opepuka ndi zinthu zomata zopangidwa ndi gypsum ngati maziko ndikuwonjezera zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana. Ndizoyenera kulumikizana pakati pa zida zosiyanasiyana zomanga khoma. Ndiwopanda poizoni, wosakoma, komanso wokhazikika. Ndizinthu zothandizira pomanga matabwa ndi zomangamanga; gypsum caulking agent ndi chodzaza mipata pakati pa matabwa a gypsum ndi chokonzera makoma ndi ming'alu.
Zogulitsa za gypsumzi zimakhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza pa ntchito ya gypsum ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera, nkhani yaikulu ndi yakuti zowonjezera zowonjezera za cellulose ether zimagwira ntchito yaikulu. Popeza gypsum amagawidwa mu gypsum anhydrous ndi hemihydrate gypsum, osiyana gypsum ali ndi zotsatira zosiyana pa ntchito ya mankhwala, kotero thickening, posungira madzi ndi retardation kudziwa khalidwe la gypsum zomangira. Vuto lodziwika bwino la zidazi ndikubowola ndi kung'ambika, ndipo mphamvu zoyambira sizingafikire. Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, ndikusankha mtundu wa cellulose ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito pawiri ya retarder. Pachifukwa ichi, methyl kapena hydroxypropyl methyl 30000 nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa. -60000cps, ndalama zowonjezera ndi 1.5% -2%. Pakati pawo, cellulose imayang'ana kwambiri kusunga madzi komanso kuchepetsa mafuta. Komabe, ndizosatheka kudalira cellulose ether monga retarder, ndipo m'pofunika kuwonjezera citric acid retarder kusakaniza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito popanda kukhudza mphamvu yoyamba.
Kusunga madzi nthawi zambiri kumatanthauza kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe angatayike mwachilengedwe popanda kuyamwa kwamadzi kunja. Ngati khomalo ndi louma kwambiri, kuyamwa kwamadzi ndi kutuluka kwachilengedwe pamtunda kumapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zitaya madzi mwachangu, ndipo kung'ambika ndi kung'ambika kumachitikanso. Njira yogwiritsira ntchitoyi imasakanizidwa ndi ufa wouma. Ngati mukukonzekera yankho, chonde onani njira yokonzekera yankho.
(4) Dothi lotenthetsera kutentha
Insulation mortar ndi mtundu watsopano wazinthu zotchingira khoma m'chigawo chakumpoto. Ndi khoma lazinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zotsekemera, matope ndi binder. Pankhani iyi, cellulose imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakulumikizana ndikuwonjezera mphamvu. Nthawi zambiri sankhani methyl cellulose yokhala ndi mamasukidwe apamwamba (pafupifupi 10000cps), mlingo nthawi zambiri umakhala pakati pa 2 ‰ -3 ‰), ndipo njira yogwiritsira ntchito ndikusakaniza ufa wowuma.
(5) mawonekedwe othandizira
Sankhani HPNC 20000cps kwa wothandizira mawonekedwe, sankhani 60000cps kapena kuposerapo kwa zomatira matailosi, ndipo yang'anani pa thickener mu mawonekedwe othandizira, omwe amatha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamakokedwe ndi mphamvu zotsutsa-muvi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chosungira madzi pomangirira matailosi kuti tilepheretse kutaya madzi mwachangu komanso kugwa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-20-2023